Spirochetes and Miscellaneous Bacteria Flashcards
Helically coiled bacteria transmitted through arthropod bites (e.g. lice, ticks)
Borrelia spp.
Borrelia spp. are ________ bacteria transmitted through arthropod bites (e.g. lice, ticks).
Helically coiled
How are Borrelia spp. transmitted?
Through arthropod bites (e.g. lice, ticks)
These are flexible organisms resembling a stretched spiral
Borrelia spp.
Borrelia spp. are flexible organisms resembling a _______.
Stretched Spiral
________ is the causative agent of Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever.
Borrelia recurrentis
Borrelia recurrentis is the causative agent of _____.
Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever
Vector of Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever
Human louse (pediculus humanus)
The scientific name of human louse is _____.
Pediculus humanus
Symptoms of Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever
High fever, muscle and bone pain, confusion
________ is the causative agent of Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever.
Borrelia hermsii or Borrelia parkeri
Borrelia hermsii or Borrelia parkeri is the causative agent of _______.
Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever
Vector of Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever
Ornithodoras ticks
________ is the causative agent of Lyme Disease.
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of ________.
Lyme Disease
Vector of Lyme Disease
Ixoda Ticks and Deer Ticks
Lyme Disease has how many stages?
3
Stage 1 of Lyme Disease
Presence of erythema chronicum migrans (lesion; bull’s eye rashes)
Erythema chronicum migrans resemble _______.
bull’s eye
Which Stage of Lyme Disease?
Appearance of lesion; Erythema chronicum migrans (bull’s eye rashes)
Stage 1
Stage 2 of Lyme Disease
Dissemination through blood, bones, CNS, heart, and liver
Which Stage of Lyme Disease?
Dissemination through blood, bones, CNS, heart, and liver
Stage 2
Stage 3 of Lyme Disease
Neurological abnormalities, arthritis and skin lesion (chronic stage)
Which Stage of Lyme Disease?
Neurological abnormalities, arthritis and skin lesion (chronic stage)
Stage 3
Culture for Borrelia spp.
- Kelly’s medium
- Barbour-Stoenner Kelly’s (BSK)
Borrelia spp. can also be detected through ________.
Serological tests
Serological test for Borrelia spp.
- ELISA
- Western Blot
Golden standard for the serological identification of Borrelia spp.
Western Blot
A serological test used to identify the DNA
Western Blot
A serological test used to identify the RNA
Northern Blot
Western blot is used for the identification of _____.
DNA
Northern blot is used for the identification of _____.
RNA
Tightly twisted organisms resembling a cork screw
Treponema spp.
Treponema spp. are tightly twisted organisms resembling a ______.
Cork Screw
________ is the causative agent of Venereal Syphilis
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is the causative agent of _______.
Venereal Syphilis
Other terms for Venereal Syphilis
- Great pox
- Evil pox
- French/Italian pox
- Spanish disease
Mode of transmission for Venereal Syphilis
- Sexual
- Direct
- Transplacental
Syphilis in newborns is called _____.
Congenital Syphilis
____ is seen once the baby is born.
Congenital Syphilis
What are the manifestations seen in Congenital Syphilis?
Hutchinsonian Triad
* Notched teeth
* Keratitis
* Eczema
What do you call the group of manifestations seen in Congenital Syphilis?
Hutchinsonian Triad
Venereal Syphilis has how many stages?
4
Stages of Venereal Syphilis
- Primary syphilis
- Secondary syphilis
- Latent syphilis
- Tertiary syphilis
Primary syphilis
Presence of hard chancre (painless and firm)
Which Stage of Venereal Syphilis?
Presence of hard chancre that is painless and firm
Primary syphilis
Secondary syphilis
Condylomata lata (wart-like lesions)
Which Stage of Venereal Syphilis?
Presence of wart-like lesions called Condylomata lata
Secondary syphilis
Wart-like lesions seen in syphilis is called ______.
Condylomata lata
Latent syphilis
Absence of clinical symptoms
Which Stage of Venereal Syphilis?
Absence of clinical symptoms
Latent syphilis
Tertiary syphilis
Presence of gummas, neurosyphilis
Which Stage of Venereal Syphilis?
Presence of gummas, neurosyphilis
Tertiary syphilis
What kind of microscope is used in observing Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum during Direct Microscopic Examination?
Darkfield Microscope
________ can be used to identify Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
Serological tests
Heavy metals used for treating Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
Arsenic, Arsphenamine, Salvarsan
Drug of Choice for Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
Penicillin
A reaction wherein large quantities of toxins are released as the bacterium dies during treatment.
Jorisch-Herxheimer Reaction
Which bacterium is associated with Jorisch-Herxheimer reaction?
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
________ is the causative agent of Yaws
Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue
Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue is the causative agent of ________.
Yaws
A chronic non-venereal disease of skin and bones
Yaws
Mode of transmission for Yaws
Direct contact of traumatized skin with infected lesion
________ causes non-venereal syphilis and endemic syphilis
Treponema pallidum subsp. endecume
Treponema pallidum subsp. endecume causes _____.
Non-venereal syphilis and Endemic syphilis
________ is the causative agent of Bejel
Treponema pallidum subsp. endecume
Treponema pallidum subsp. endecume is the causative agent of _____.
Bejel
Mode of transmission for Bejel
Mouth to mouth by utensils
A lesion in the oral cavity, oral mucosa, skin, bones and nasopharynx
Bejel
________ is the causative agent of Pinta
Treponema carateum
Treponema carateum is the causative agent of _____.
Pinta
An ulcerative skin disease
Pinta
Mode of transmission for Pinta
Direct contact of traumatized skin with infected tissue
Tightly twisted organisms with one or both ends bent into a hook
Leptospira spp.
A non-pathogenic species of Leptospira that is found in water and soil
Leptospira biflexa
________ is the causative agent of Leptospirosis
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospira interrogans is the causative agent of _____.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a ______ infection.
zoonotic
Mode of transmission for Leptospirosis
Direct contact with urine of animals
____ is the severe form of Leptospirosis.
Weil’s Disease
Weil’s disease is associated with ______.
Leptospira interrogans serovar. icterohemorrhagiae
Leptospira interrogans serovar. icterohemorrhagiae is associated with _____.
Weil’s Disease
Infectious jaundice is associated with ______.
Leptospira interrogans serovar. canicola
Leptospira interrogans serovar. canicola is associated with _______.
Infectious jaundice
Fo’rt Bragg or Pretibial Fever is associated with ______.
Leptospira interrogans serovar. autumnalis
Leptospira interrogans serovar. autumnalis is associated with _______.
Fo’rt Bragg or Pretibial Fever
Marsch Fever is associated with ______.
Leptospira interrogans serovar. grippotyphosa
Leptospira interrogans serovar. grippotyphosa is associated with ______.
Marsch Fever
7-Day Fever is associated with ______.
Leptospira interrogans serovar. hebdomadis
Leptospira interrogans serovar. hebdomadis is associated with _____.
7-Day Fever
Swine-herd’s Disease is associated with ______.
Leptospira interrogans serovar. mitis/pomona
Leptospira interrogans serovar. mitis/pomona is associated with _____.
Swine-herd’s Disease
Specimen for Leptospira spp.
- Blood (first week)
- Urine (second week)
Culture media for Leptospira spp.
- Elinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris
- Fletcher’s and Stuart’s
______ is formerly known as Bedsonia
Chlamydia spp.
Chlamydia spp. is formerly known as ______.
Bedsonia
Chlamydia spp. are also known as _____.
“Large virus”
“Large virus” pertains to _____.
Chlamydia spp.
These are obligate intracellular organisms
Chlamydia spp.
A unique feature of Chlamydia spp.
Elementary bodies
Elementary bodies are ______.
Infectious particles
________ is the causative agent of Psittacosis or Ornithosis
Chlamydia psittaci
Chlamydia psittaci is the causative agent of _______.
Psittacosis or Ornithosis
A disease of birds, parrots, parakeets, and cockatoos
Psittacosis or Ornithosis
How is Psittacosis or Ornithosis transmitted?
Through the inhalation of contaminated aerosols or fomites
It is associated with mild respiratory tract infections
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with ________.
Mild respiratory tract infections
Chlamydia pneumoniae is also known as _____.
Taiwan Acute Respiratory (TWAR) Strain
Which Chlamydia sp. is sexually transmitted?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Subtypes of Chlamydia trachomatis
- A, B, Ba, C
- D-K
- L1, L2, L3
________ causes Endemic Trachoma
Chlamydia trachomatis subtype A, B, Ba, C
Chlamydia trachomatis subtype A, B, Ba, C causes _______.
Endemic Trachoma
_____ leads to blindness.
Endemic Trachoma
______ causes cervicitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, epididymitis, and infant pneumonia
Chlamydia trachomatis subtype D-K
Chlamydia trachomatis subtype D-K causes ________.
Cervicitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, epididymitis, and infant pneumonia
______ causes Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Chlamydia trachomatis subtype L1, L2, L3
Chlamydia trachomatis subtype L1, L2, L3 causes _______.
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Culture for Chlamydia trachomatis
McCoy’s Cell
A delayed hypersensitivity skin test for LGV
FREI’s Test
FREI’s Test is associated with ______.
Chlamydia trachomatis
They are known to be the smallest free-living organisms
Mycoplasma spp.
Mycoplasma spp. are formerly known as ________.
Pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLOs)
______ are formerly known as Pleuropneumonia-like Organisms (PPLOs)
Mycoplasma spp.
________ causes Pleuropneumonia in cattles.
Mycoplasma spp.
Mycoplasma spp. causes ________ in cattles.
Pleuropneumonia
________ is also known as Eaton’s Agent
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is also known as ______.
Eaton’s Agent
______ causes community-acquired pneumonia and tracheobronchitis in children and young adults.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
_______ causes primary atypical pneumonia or walking pneumonia.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
______ is a genital Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma hominis
_____ causes Non-gonococcal Urethritis in males.
Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma hominis causes ______ in males.
Non-gonococcal urethritis
______ is an agent of Salpingitis and Postpartal Fever in females.
Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma hominis is an agent of __________ in females.
Salpingitis and Postpartal Fever
Inflammation in fallopian tubes
Salpingitis
Culture for Mycoplasma spp.
- Shepard’s
- A7B
- E-Agar
Colonial appearance of Mycoplasma spp.
“Fried egg” colonies
“Fried egg” colonies
Mycoplasma spp.
Serologic test for Mycoplasma
Cold agglutinin
A serological test that detects Anti-I
Cold agglutinin
______ is associated with Cat-Scratch Disease
Afipia felis
Afipia felis is associated with ______.
Cat-Scratch Disease
Genera under Rickettsiae spp.
- Rickettsia
- Ehrlichia
- Coxiella
- Rochalimaea
All genera under Rickettsiae are _____.
obligate intracellular
How are Rickettsiae spp. transmitted?
Through vectors (lice, fleas, ticks)
______ cannot survive outside animal host or insect vector
Coxiella spp.
Coxiella spp. cannot survive outside animal host or insect vector EXCEPT ______.
Coxiella burnetti
Spotted Fever Group
ACRONYM: ARCA
* Rickettsia australis
* Rickettsia rickettsii
* Rickettsia conorii
* Rickettsia akari
Species: R. australis
Transmission: ?
Ticks
Species: R. ricketsii
Transmission: ?
Ticks
Species: R. conorii
Transmission: ?
Ticks
Species: R. akari
Transmission: ?
Mites
Species: R. australis
Infection: ?
Australian/Queensland Tick Typhus
Species: ?
Infection: Australian/Queensland Tick Typhus
R. australis
Species: R. ricketsii
Infection: ?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
Species: ?
Infection: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
R. ricketsii
Species: R. conorii
Infection: ?
- Meditteranean & Israeli Spotted Fever
- Indian Tick Typhus
- Kenya Tick Typhus
Species: ?
Infection:
* Meditteranean & Israeli Spotted Fever
* Indian Tick Typhus
* Kenya Tick Typhus
R. conorii
Species: R. akari
Infection: ?
Rickettsial pox
Species: ?
Infection: Rickettsial pox
R. akari
Typhus Group
- Rickettsia prowazekii
- Rickettsia typhi
Species: R. prowazekii
Transmission: ?
Lice, flying squirrels
Species: R. typhi
Transmission: ?
Fleas
Species: R. prowazekii
Infection: ?
- Epidemic typhus
- Sporadic typhus
- Brill-Zinsser Disease
Species: ?
Infection:
* Epidemic typhus
* Sporadic typhus
* Brill-Zinsser Disease
R. prowazekii
Species: R. typhi
Infection: ?
- Murine typhus
- Endemic typhus
Species: ?
Infection:
* Murine typhus
* Endemic typhus
R. typhi
Scrub Typhus Group
Rickettsia (Orientia) tsutsugamushi
Species: R. tsutsugamushi
Transmission: ?
Mites, chiggers
Species: R. tsutsugamushi
Infection: ?
Scrub typhus
Species: ?
Infection: Scrub typhus
R. tsutsugamushi
Q Fever Group
Coxiella burnetti
Species: C. burnetti
Transmission: ?
Ticks
Species: C. burnetti
Infection: ?
Q fever
Species: ?
Infection: Q fever
C. burnetti
Ehrlichiosis Group
- Erhlichia chaffeensis
- Erhlichia phagocytophila
- Erhlichia owingii
- Neoricketssia sennetsu
Species: E. chaffeensis
Transmission: ?
Ticks
Species: E. phagocytophila
Transmission: ?
Ticks
Species: E. owingii
Transmission: ?
Ticks
Species: Neorickettsia sennetsu
Transmission: ?
Ticks
Species: E. chaffeensis
Infection: ?
Human monocyte ehrlichiosis
Species: ?
Infection: Human monocyte ehrlichiosis
E. chaffeensis
Species: E. phagocytophila
Infection: ?
Human granulocyte ehrlichiosis
Species: ?
Infection: Human granulocyte ehrlichiosis
E. phagocytophila
Species: E. owingii
Infection: ?
Human granulocyte ehrlichiosis
Species: ?
Infection: Human granulocyte ehrlichiosis
E. owingii
Species: Neorickettsia sennetsu
Infection: ?
Sennetsu fever
Species: ?
Infection: Sennetsu fever
Neorickettsia sennetsu
Rochalimeae Group
Rochalimaea (Rickettsia) quintana
Species: Rochalimaea quintana
Transmission: ?
Lice
Species: Rochalimaea quintana
Infection: ?
Trench fever
Species: ?
Infection: Trench fever
Rochalimaea quintana
Organism: Bartonella quintana
Habitat: ?
- Small rodents
- Humans
Organism: Bartonella quintana
MOT: ?
- Human body
- Louse
Organism: Bartonella quintana
Infection: ?
Trench Fever
Organism: Bartonella bacilliformis
Habitat: ?
Humans
Organism: Bartonella bacilliformis
MOT: ?
Sand flies
Organism: Bartonella bacilliformis
Infection: ?
- Carrion’s disease
- Oroya fever
Organism: Bartonella henselae
Habitat: ?
Domesticated cats
Organism: Bartonella henselae
MOT: ?
- Bites or scratch from cats
- Cat fleas
Organism: Bartonella henselae
Infection: ?
- Cat scratch disease
- Peliosis hepatitis
Organism: Bartonella clarridgeiae
Habitat: ?
Domesticated cats
Organism: Bartonella clarridgeiae
MOT: ?
Bites or scratch from cats
Organism: Bartonella clarridgeiae
Infection: ?
- Bacteremia
- Cat scratch disease
Organism: Bartonella elizabethae
Habitat: ?
Rats
Organism: Bartonella elizabethae
MOT: ?
Fleas
Organism: Bartonella elizabethae
Infection: ?
Endocarditis
