Spirochetes and Miscellaneous Bacteria Flashcards by dani legaspi

Helically coiled bacteria transmitted through arthropod bites (e.g. lice, ticks)

Borrelia spp.

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Borrelia spp. are ________ bacteria transmitted through arthropod bites (e.g. lice, ticks).

Helically coiled

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How are Borrelia spp. transmitted?

Through arthropod bites (e.g. lice, ticks)

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These are flexible organisms resembling a stretched spiral

Borrelia spp.

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Borrelia spp. are flexible organisms resembling a _______.

Stretched Spiral

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________ is the causative agent of Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever.

Borrelia recurrentis

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Borrelia recurrentis is the causative agent of _____.

Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

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Vector of Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

Human louse (pediculus humanus)

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The scientific name of human louse is _____.

Pediculus humanus

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Symptoms of Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

High fever, muscle and bone pain, confusion

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________ is the causative agent of Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever.

Borrelia hermsii or Borrelia parkeri

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Borrelia hermsii or Borrelia parkeri is the causative agent of _______.

Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever

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Vector of Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever

Ornithodoras ticks

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________ is the causative agent of Lyme Disease.

Borrelia burgdorferi

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Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of ________.

Lyme Disease

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Vector of Lyme Disease

Ixoda Ticks and Deer Ticks

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Lyme Disease has how many stages?

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Stage 1 of Lyme Disease

Presence of erythema chronicum migrans (lesion; bull’s eye rashes)

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Erythema chronicum migrans resemble _______.

bull’s eye

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Which Stage of Lyme Disease?

Appearance of lesion; Erythema chronicum migrans (bull’s eye rashes)

Stage 1

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Stage 2 of Lyme Disease

Dissemination through blood, bones, CNS, heart, and liver

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Which Stage of Lyme Disease?

Dissemination through blood, bones, CNS, heart, and liver

Stage 2

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Stage 3 of Lyme Disease

Neurological abnormalities, arthritis and skin lesion (chronic stage)

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Which Stage of Lyme Disease?

Neurological abnormalities, arthritis and skin lesion (chronic stage)

Stage 3

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Culture for *Borrelia* spp.

* Kelly's medium * Barbour-Stoenner Kelly's (BSK)

*Borrelia* spp. can also be detected through ________.

Serological tests

Serological test for *Borrelia* spp.

* ELISA * Western Blot

Golden standard for the serological identification of *Borrelia* spp.

Western Blot

A serological test used to identify the DNA

Western Blot

A serological test used to identify the RNA

Northern Blot

Western blot is used for the identification of _____.

DNA

Northern blot is used for the identification of _____.

RNA

Tightly twisted organisms resembling a **cork screw**

*Treponema* spp.

*Treponema* spp. are tightly twisted organisms resembling a ______.

Cork Screw

________ is the causative agent of **Venereal Syphilis**

*Treponema pallidum* subsp. *pallidum*

*Treponema pallidum* subsp. *pallidum* is the causative agent of _______.

Venereal Syphilis

Other terms for Venereal Syphilis

* Great pox * Evil pox * French/Italian pox * Spanish disease

Mode of transmission for Venereal Syphilis

* Sexual * Direct * Transplacental

Syphilis in newborns is called _____.

Congenital Syphilis

____ is seen once the baby is born.

Congenital Syphilis

What are the manifestations seen in Congenital Syphilis?

**Hutchinsonian Triad** * Notched teeth * Keratitis * Eczema

What do you call the group of manifestations seen in Congenital Syphilis?

Hutchinsonian Triad

Venereal Syphilis has how many stages?

Stages of Venereal Syphilis

* Primary syphilis * Secondary syphilis * Latent syphilis * Tertiary syphilis

Primary syphilis

Presence of hard chancre (painless and firm)

# **Which Stage of Venereal Syphilis?** Presence of hard chancre that is painless and firm

Primary syphilis

Secondary syphilis

Condylomata lata (wart-like lesions)

# **Which Stage of Venereal Syphilis?** Presence of wart-like lesions called Condylomata lata

Secondary syphilis

Wart-like lesions seen in syphilis is called ______.

Condylomata lata

Latent syphilis

Absence of clinical symptoms

# **Which Stage of Venereal Syphilis?** Absence of clinical symptoms

Latent syphilis

Tertiary syphilis

Presence of gummas, neurosyphilis

# **Which Stage of Venereal Syphilis?** Presence of gummas, neurosyphilis

Tertiary syphilis

What kind of microscope is used in observing *Treponema pallidum* subsp. *pallidum* during Direct Microscopic Examination?

Darkfield Microscope

________ can be used to identify *Treponema pallidum* subsp. *pallidum*

Serological tests

Heavy metals used for treating *Treponema pallidum* subsp. *pallidum*

Arsenic, Arsphenamine, Salvarsan

Drug of Choice for *Treponema pallidum* subsp. *pallidum*

Penicillin

A reaction wherein large quantities of toxins are released as the bacterium dies during treatment.

Jorisch-Herxheimer Reaction

Which bacterium is associated with Jorisch-Herxheimer reaction?

*Treponema pallidum* subsp. *pallidum*

________ is the causative agent of **Yaws**

*Treponema pallidum* subsp. *pertenue*

*Treponema pallidum* subsp. *pertenue* is the causative agent of ________.

Yaws

A chronic non-venereal disease of skin and bones

Yaws

Mode of transmission for Yaws

Direct contact of traumatized skin with infected lesion

________ causes non-venereal syphilis and endemic syphilis

*Treponema pallidum* subsp. *endecume*

*Treponema pallidum* subsp. *endecume* causes _____.

Non-venereal syphilis and Endemic syphilis

________ is the causative agent of **Bejel**

*Treponema pallidum* subsp. *endecume*

*Treponema pallidum* subsp. *endecume* is the causative agent of _____.

Bejel

Mode of transmission for Bejel

Mouth to mouth by utensils

A lesion in the oral cavity, oral mucosa, skin, bones and nasopharynx

Bejel

________ is the causative agent of **Pinta**

*Treponema carateum*

*Treponema carateum* is the causative agent of _____.

Pinta

An ulcerative skin disease

Pinta

Mode of transmission for Pinta

Direct contact of traumatized skin with infected tissue

Tightly twisted organisms with one or both ends bent into a hook

*Leptospira* spp.

A non-pathogenic species of *Leptospira* that is found in water and soil

*Leptospira biflexa*

________ is the causative agent of **Leptospirosis**

*Leptospira interrogans*

*Leptospira interrogans* is the causative agent of _____.

Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a ______ infection.

zoonotic

Mode of transmission for Leptospirosis

Direct contact with urine of animals

____ is the severe form of Leptospirosis.

Weil's Disease

**Weil's disease** is associated with ______.

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *icterohemorrhagiae*

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *icterohemorrhagiae* is associated with _____.

Weil's Disease

**Infectious jaundice** is associated with ______.

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *canicola*

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *canicola* is associated with _______.

Infectious jaundice

**Fo'rt Bragg or Pretibial Fever** is associated with ______.

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *autumnalis*

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *autumnalis* is associated with _______.

Fo'rt Bragg or Pretibial Fever

**Marsch Fever** is associated with ______.

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *grippotyphosa*

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *grippotyphosa* is associated with ______.

Marsch Fever

**7-Day Fever** is associated with ______.

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *hebdomadis*

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *hebdomadis* is associated with _____.

7-Day Fever

**Swine-herd's Disease** is associated with ______.

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *mitis/pomona*

*Leptospira interrogans* serovar. *mitis/pomona* is associated with _____.

Swine-herd's Disease

Specimen for *Leptospira* spp.

* Blood (first week) * Urine (second week)

Culture media for *Leptospira* spp.

* Elinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris * Fletcher's and Stuart's

______ is formerly known as Bedsonia

*Chlamydia* spp.

*Chlamydia* spp. is formerly known as ______.

Bedsonia

*Chlamydia* spp. are also known as _____.

"Large virus"

"Large virus" pertains to _____.

*Chlamydia* spp.

These are obligate intracellular organisms

*Chlamydia* spp.

A unique feature of *Chlamydia* spp.

Elementary bodies

Elementary bodies are ______.

Infectious particles

________ is the causative agent of **Psittacosis or Ornithosis**

*Chlamydia psittaci*

*Chlamydia psittaci* is the causative agent of _______.

Psittacosis or Ornithosis

A disease of birds, parrots, parakeets, and cockatoos

Psittacosis or Ornithosis

How is Psittacosis or Ornithosis transmitted?

Through the inhalation of contaminated aerosols or fomites

It is associated with mild respiratory tract infections

*Chlamydia pneumoniae*

*Chlamydia pneumoniae* is associated with ________.

Mild respiratory tract infections

*Chlamydia pneumoniae* is also known as _____.

Taiwan Acute Respiratory (TWAR) Strain

Which *Chlamydia* sp. is sexually transmitted?

*Chlamydia trachomatis*

Subtypes of *Chlamydia trachomatis*

* A, B, Ba, C * D-K * L1, L2, L3

________ causes Endemic Trachoma

*Chlamydia trachomatis* subtype A, B, Ba, C

*Chlamydia trachomatis* subtype A, B, Ba, C causes _______.

Endemic Trachoma

_____ leads to blindness.

Endemic Trachoma

______ causes cervicitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, epididymitis, and infant pneumonia

*Chlamydia trachomatis* subtype D-K

*Chlamydia trachomatis* subtype D-K causes ________.

Cervicitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, epididymitis, and infant pneumonia

______ causes Lymphogranuloma Venereum

*Chlamydia trachomatis* subtype L1, L2, L3

*Chlamydia trachomatis* subtype L1, L2, L3 causes _______.

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Culture for *Chlamydia trachomatis*

McCoy's Cell

A delayed hypersensitivity skin test for LGV

FREI's Test

FREI's Test is associated with ______.

*Chlamydia trachomatis*

They are known to be the smallest free-living organisms

*Mycoplasma* spp.

*Mycoplasma* spp. are formerly known as ________.

Pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLOs)

______ are formerly known as Pleuropneumonia-like Organisms (PPLOs)

*Mycoplasma* spp.

________ causes Pleuropneumonia in cattles.

*Mycoplasma* spp.

*Mycoplasma* spp. causes ________ in cattles.

Pleuropneumonia

________ is also known as Eaton's Agent

*Mycoplasma pneumoniae*

*Mycoplasma pneumoniae* is also known as ______.

Eaton's Agent

______ causes community-acquired pneumonia and tracheobronchitis in children and young adults.

*Mycoplasma pneumoniae*

_______ causes primary atypical pneumonia or walking pneumonia.

*Mycoplasma pneumoniae*

______ is a genital Mycoplasma

*Mycoplasma hominis*

_____ causes **Non-gonococcal Urethritis** in males.

*Mycoplasma hominis*

*Mycoplasma hominis* causes ______ in males.

Non-gonococcal urethritis

______ is an agent of Salpingitis and Postpartal Fever in females.

*Mycoplasma hominis*

*Mycoplasma hominis* is an agent of __________ in females.

Salpingitis and Postpartal Fever

Inflammation in fallopian tubes

Salpingitis

Culture for *Mycoplasma* spp.

* Shepard's * A7B * E-Agar

Colonial appearance of *Mycoplasma* spp.

"Fried egg" colonies

*Mycoplasma* spp.

Serologic test for *Mycoplasma*

Cold agglutinin

A serological test that detects Anti-I

Cold agglutinin

______ is associated with Cat-Scratch Disease

*Afipia felis*

*Afipia felis* is associated with ______.

Cat-Scratch Disease

Genera under *Rickettsiae* spp.

* *Rickettsia* * *Ehrlichia* * *Coxiella* * *Rochalimaea*

All genera under *Rickettsiae* are _____.

obligate intracellular

How are *Rickettsiae* spp. transmitted?

Through vectors (lice, fleas, ticks)

______ cannot survive outside animal host or insect vector

*Coxiella* spp.

*Coxiella* spp. cannot survive outside animal host or insect vector EXCEPT ______.

*Coxiella burnetti*

Spotted Fever Group

**ACRONYM: ARCA** * *Rickettsia **a**ustralis* * *Rickettsia **r**ickettsii* * *Rickettsia **c**onorii* * *Rickettsia **a**kari*

**Species:** *R. australis* **Transmission:** ?

Ticks

**Species:** *R. ricketsii* **Transmission:** ?

Ticks

**Species:** *R. conorii* **Transmission:** ?

Ticks

**Species:** *R. akari* **Transmission:** ?

Mites

**Species:** *R. australis* **Infection:** ?

Australian/Queensland Tick Typhus

**Species:** ? **Infection:** Australian/Queensland Tick Typhus

*R. australis*

**Species:** *R. ricketsii* **Infection:** ?

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)

**Species:** ? **Infection:** Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)

*R. ricketsii*

**Species:** *R. conorii* **Infection:** ?

* Meditteranean & Israeli Spotted Fever * Indian Tick Typhus * Kenya Tick Typhus

**Species:** ? **Infection:** * Meditteranean & Israeli Spotted Fever * Indian Tick Typhus * Kenya Tick Typhus

*R. conorii*

**Species:** *R. akari* **Infection:** ?

Rickettsial pox

**Species:** ? **Infection:** Rickettsial pox

*R. akari*

Typhus Group

* *Rickettsia prowazekii* * *Rickettsia typhi*

**Species:** *R. prowazekii* **Transmission:** ?

Lice, flying squirrels

**Species:** *R. typhi* **Transmission:** ?

Fleas

**Species:** *R. prowazekii* **Infection:** ?

* Epidemic typhus * Sporadic typhus * Brill-Zinsser Disease

**Species:** ? **Infection:** * Epidemic typhus * Sporadic typhus * Brill-Zinsser Disease

*R. prowazekii*

**Species:** *R. typhi* **Infection:** ?

* Murine typhus * Endemic typhus

**Species:** ? **Infection:** * Murine typhus * Endemic typhus

*R. typhi*

Scrub Typhus Group

*Rickettsia (Orientia) tsutsugamushi*

**Species:** *R. tsutsugamushi* **Transmission:** ?

Mites, chiggers

**Species:** *R. tsutsugamushi* **Infection:** ?

Scrub typhus

**Species:** ? **Infection:** Scrub typhus

*R. tsutsugamushi*

Q Fever Group

*Coxiella burnetti*

**Species:** *C. burnetti* **Transmission:** ?

Ticks

**Species:** *C. burnetti* **Infection:** ?

Q fever

**Species:** ? **Infection:** Q fever

*C. burnetti*

Ehrlichiosis Group

* *Erhlichia chaffeensis* * *Erhlichia phagocytophila* * *Erhlichia owingii* * *Neoricketssia sennetsu*

**Species:** *E. chaffeensis* **Transmission:** ?

Ticks

**Species:** *E. phagocytophila* **Transmission:** ?

Ticks

**Species:** *E. owingii* **Transmission:** ?

Ticks

**Species:** *Neorickettsia sennetsu* **Transmission:** ?

Ticks

**Species:** *E. chaffeensis* **Infection:** ?

Human monocyte ehrlichiosis

**Species:** ? **Infection:** Human monocyte ehrlichiosis

*E. chaffeensis*

**Species:** *E. phagocytophila* **Infection:** ?

Human granulocyte ehrlichiosis

**Species:** ? **Infection:** Human granulocyte ehrlichiosis

*E. phagocytophila*

**Species:** *E. owingii* **Infection:** ?

Human granulocyte ehrlichiosis

**Species:** ? **Infection:** Human granulocyte ehrlichiosis

*E. owingii*

**Species:** *Neorickettsia sennetsu* **Infection:** ?

Sennetsu fever

**Species:** ? **Infection:** Sennetsu fever

*Neorickettsia sennetsu*

Rochalimeae Group

*Rochalimaea (Rickettsia) quintana*

**Species:** *Rochalimaea quintana* **Transmission:** ?

Lice

**Species:** *Rochalimaea quintana* **Infection:** ?

Trench fever

**Species:** ? **Infection:** Trench fever

*Rochalimaea quintana*

**Organism:** *Bartonella quintana* **Habitat:** ?

* Small rodents * Humans

**Organism:** *Bartonella quintana* **MOT:** ?

* Human body * Louse

**Organism:** *Bartonella quintana* **Infection:** ?

Trench Fever

**Organism:** *Bartonella bacilliformis* **Habitat:** ?

Humans

**Organism:** *Bartonella bacilliformis* **MOT:** ?

Sand flies

**Organism:** *Bartonella bacilliformis* **Infection:** ?

* Carrion's disease * Oroya fever

**Organism:** *Bartonella henselae* **Habitat:** ?

Domesticated cats

**Organism:** *Bartonella henselae* **MOT:** ?

* Bites or scratch from cats * Cat fleas

**Organism:** *Bartonella henselae* **Infection:** ?

* Cat scratch disease * Peliosis hepatitis

**Organism:** *Bartonella clarridgeiae* **Habitat:** ?

Domesticated cats

**Organism:** *Bartonella clarridgeiae* **MOT:** ?

Bites or scratch from cats

**Organism:** *Bartonella clarridgeiae* **Infection:** ?

* Bacteremia * Cat scratch disease

**Organism:** *Bartonella elizabethae* **Habitat:** ?

Rats

**Organism:** *Bartonella elizabethae* **MOT:** ?

Fleas

**Organism:** *Bartonella elizabethae* **Infection:** ?

Endocarditis