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Bacteriology > Bacterial Cultivation > Flashcards

Bacterial Cultivation Flashcards

1
Q

These are bacteria that get their energy from the light.

A

Phototrophs

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2
Q

Acid loving bacteria

A

Acidophilic

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3
Q

Examples of Strict/Obligate Aerobes

A
  • Mycobacterium
  • Micrococcus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neisseria
  • Brucella
  • Francisella
  • Bordetella
  • Leptospira
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4
Q

What does Lactose yield when it is fermented?

A

Acid (low pH)

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5
Q

MSA Agar
- Original Color:

A

Light or Salmon Pink

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6
Q

An agar plate that has intact RBC.

A

Blood Agar Plate (BAP)

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7
Q

It is typically used for decontamination.

A

NaOH

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8
Q

These are bacteria that obtain energy by breaking down chemical compounds in their environment.

A

Chemotrophs

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9
Q

Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- There is a sudden increase of bacteria because of rapid generation or doubling time.

A

Logarithmic Phase

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10
Q

MAC Agar
- Indicator:

A

Neutral Red

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11
Q

The number of generation per hour

A

Growth Rate Constant

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12
Q

MSA Agar
Mannitol fermenters will appear _________.

A

Yellow

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13
Q

Together, these other sources make up _____% of the dry weight of the bacteria.

A

4

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14
Q

SSA Agar
- Sulfur Source:

A

Sodium Thiosulfate

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15
Q

EMG AGAR
Non-lactose fermenters will appear _________.

A

Colorless

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16
Q

Tissue Culture Media: HELA Cell Line
Source:

A

Human Cervical Carcinoma

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17
Q

TCBS Agar:
- Inhibitors:

A

Thiosulfate, citrate, bile salts,

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18
Q

Most pathogenic bacteria can grow in a _________ or _________ environment.

A

Neutral or Slightly Alkaline

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19
Q

GC-LECT Agar
Proteus Inhibitor:

A

Trimethoprim

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20
Q

Dye Inhibitors for Gram Positive Bacteria

A
  • Crystal Violet
  • Eosin
  • Methylene Blue
  • Brilliant Green
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21
Q

What are examples of Basic Culture Media?

A

Nutrient Agar, Nutrient Broth, TSA, TSB

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22
Q

GC-LECT Agar
Fungal Inhibitor:

A

Amphotericin B

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23
Q

CAP contains which factor/s?

A

X and V

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24
Q

These are bacteria that require special or additional requirements to grow in culture media.

A

Fastidious Bacteria

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25
Q

What are the 3 Major Nutritional Requirements for Bacterial Growth?

A
  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen
  • Energy
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26
Q

It is used for the determination of bacterial pathogen’s ability to decarboxylate or deaminate lysine.

A

Lysine Iron Agar (LIA)

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27
Q

Modified Thayer Martin Agar
Gram Negative Inhibitor:

A

Colistin

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28
Q

Bacterial metabolism with the use of oxygen.

A

Oxidation

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29
Q

GC-LECT Agar
Gram Positive Inhibitor:

A

Vancomycin

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30
Q

The growth of microorganisms

A

Culture (noun)

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31
Q

Martin-Lewis Agar
Proteus Inhibitor:

A

Trimethoprim

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32
Q

EMG Agar
- Selective for:

A

Gram negative enteric bacilli

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33
Q

Alkali loving bacteria

A

Alkaliphilic

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34
Q

Tissue Culture Media: A549 Cells
Source:

A

Human Lung Carcinoma

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35
Q

Antibiotic Inhibitors for Fungi

A
  • Nystatin
  • Anisomycin
  • Amphotericin B.
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36
Q

Enumerate the 4 Stages of Bacterial Growth

A
  1. Lag Phase
  2. Logarithmic Phase
  3. Stationary Phase
  4. Death Phase
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37
Q

This is also used as a base medium in the preparation of other culture media.

A

Gen.Purpose/Primary/Basic/Basal/Supportive/General Isolation Culture Media

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38
Q

New York City Agar
Proteus Inhibitor:

A

Trimethoprim

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39
Q

Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- Oxygen becomes limited

A

Stationary Phase

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40
Q

Martin-Lewis Agar
Gram Positive Inhibitor:

A

Vancomycin

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41
Q

It is usually contained in a container that can be made of glass or disposable plastic.

A

Plated

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42
Q

Non-Lactose Fermenters

A
  • ALL Salmonella except arizonae
  • ALL Shigella except sonnei
  • ALL Yersinia except enterocolitica
  • Proteus
  • Prudencia
  • Morganella
  • Edwarsiella
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43
Q

An artificial preparation in the laboratory which contains basic foundation of nutrients and a solidifying agent to support the growth of microorganisms.

A

Culture Media

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44
Q

The standard size in diameter of a plated media.

A

100 mm

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45
Q

SSA Agar
- Salmonella Result:

A

Colorless, w/ H2S and w/ blackening

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46
Q

Eurithermophilic

A

Wide range of temperature

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47
Q

A slow-growing bacteria is ___________.

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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48
Q

Tissue Culture Media: Chicken Embryo
Source:

A

Fertilized Chicken Egg

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49
Q

The transfer of microorganisms from one culture media to another.

A

Transplant or Subculture

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50
Q

HEA Agar
- Selective for:

A

Gram negative enteric bacilli

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51
Q

Antibiotic Inhibitors for Gram Negative Bacteria

A
  • Colistin
  • Nalidixic Acid
  • Trimethoprim
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52
Q

Most pathogenic bacteria can grow in an environment with a pH of ________.

A

7.0 - 7.5

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53
Q

The generation time of bacteria in culture media is __________.

A

20 minutes to 24 hours

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54
Q

Hyperthermophilic or Exteremely Thermophilic

A

80-110 C

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55
Q

HEA Agar
- Original Color:

A

Dark Green

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56
Q

Dye Inhibitors for Gram Negative Bacteria

A
  • Basic Fuchsin
  • Thionine
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57
Q

Martin-Lewis Agar
Fungal Inhibitor:

A

Anisomycin

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58
Q

MSA Agar
- Inhibitors:

A

High Concentration of Salt (7.5%)

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59
Q

A group of bacteria that utilizes organic compounds in the culture media as a source of nutrition.

A

Heterotrophs

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60
Q

It is used for the determination of bacterial pathogen’s ability to ferment glucose, sucrose, and lactose.

A

Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI)

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61
Q

SSA Agar
- Original Color:

A

Light Orange

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62
Q

MAC Agar
- Selective for:

A

Gram negative enteric bacilli

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63
Q

A culture medium that contains 0.5 - 1% agar.

A

Semi-solid

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64
Q

It has a medium size, dark violet colonies with greenish metallic sheen.

A

Escherichia

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65
Q

SSA Agar
- pH Indicators:

A

Neutral Red

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66
Q

The act of introducing the microorganism to the culture media.

A

Inoculate/Plant/Cultivate

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67
Q

New York City Agar
Fungal Inhibitor:

A

Amphotericin B

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68
Q

These are live cells harvested from organs of humans and animals that supports the growth of obligate intracellular organisms that cannot grow in artificially prepared culture media.

A

Tissue Culture Media

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69
Q

Tissue Culture Media: Help-2 Cell Line
Source:

A

Human epithelial cells of larynx carcinoma

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70
Q

LJ Medium
- Incubation without light = pigment

A

Scotochromogen

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71
Q

Example of Alkaliphilic Bacteria

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

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72
Q

SSA Agar
Lactose fermenters will appear _________.

A

Dark Pink

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73
Q

It is composed of known and exact amounts of pure chemical substances.

A

Synthetic or Chemically Defined

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74
Q

An enrichment broth for anaerobic bacteria.

A

Thioglycolate Broth

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75
Q

LJ Medium
- Inhibitors:

A

Malachite Green

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76
Q

It refers to the time it takes for one cell to divide into two cells.

A

Generation or Doubling Time

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77
Q

MAC AGAR
Non-lactose fermenters will appear _________.

A

Colorless

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78
Q

It contains basic nutritional requirements to support the growth of non-fastidious microorganisms.

A

Gen.Purpose/Primary/Basic/Basal/Supportive/General Isolation Culture Media

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79
Q

It is a liquid enrichment recommended for the production of Streptococci haemolysin and the cultivation of it.

A

Todd-Hewitt Broth

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80
Q

Nitrogen Sources

A
  • Free Nitrogen from the air
  • Nitrogenous Compounds in the Culture Media
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81
Q

Most common bottle used in media.

A

bacT alert

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82
Q

It contains indicators which changes in color as a result of a product produced by a chemical reaction in the media.

A

Differential Culture Media

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83
Q

SSA Agar
- H2S Indicator:

A

Ferric ammonium citrate

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84
Q

It can tolerate up to 10% of salt concentration.

A

Vibrio spp.

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85
Q

In LJ medium, before culturing, the sample must undergo the following steps ___________.

A
  1. Decongested/Digested
  2. Decontaminated
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86
Q

Chemical Inhibitors for Gram Positive Bacteria

A
  • Bismuth sulfite
  • Bile Salts (sodium deoxycholate)
  • Thiosulfate
  • Citrate
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87
Q

TCBS Agar
Sucrose fermenters will appear _________.

A

Yellow

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88
Q

_________ is needed for the cell wall.

A

Phospholipid

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89
Q

TCBS Agar:
- Original Color:

A

Light Green or Olive Green

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90
Q

These are bacteria that absolutely requires oxygen to grow, live, and survive.

A

Strict or Obligate Aerobes

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91
Q

Carbon Dioxide Sources

A
  • Carbon Dioxide from the air
  • Organic Compounds in the Culture Media
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92
Q

A primary media to support or favor the selective growth of pathogens in a specimen, where the number of normal flora outnumber the pathogens.

A

Enrichment Broth

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93
Q

__________ is needed for protein synthesis.

A

Sulfur

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94
Q

HEA Agar
Lactose fermenters will appear _________.

A

Orange

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95
Q

New York City Agar
Gram Negative Inhibitor:

A

Colistin

96
Q

BAP contains which factor/s?

A

X only

97
Q

Selective medium composition for Neisseria spp.

A

Chocolate agar base with antibiotics

98
Q

These are bacteria that can survive high salt concentrations.

A

Halophiles

99
Q

MAC Agar
- Original Color:

A

Pink

100
Q

Most pathogenic bacteria grow at temperature between __________.

A

35-37 C

101
Q

It is used for the production of hydrogen sulfide gas, indole production, and motility.

A

Sulfide Indole Motility Medium (SIM)

102
Q

Thayer Martin Agar
Fungal Inhibitor:

A

Nystatin

103
Q

It is used to selectively favor the growth of Salmonella and Shigella while inhibiting all other normal intestinal flora.

A

Gram Negative Broth (GN)

104
Q

Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- The phase where bacteria is most metabolically active.

A

Logarithmic Phase

105
Q

RLF can produce a result within __________.

A

18 to 24 hours

106
Q

EMG Agar
- Differential Indicators:

A

Eosin and Methylene Blue

107
Q

A group of bacteria that uses Carbon Dioxide from the air as a source of nutrition.

A

Autotrophs

108
Q

Why is agar used as a solidifying agent?

A
  • Not easily degraded by bacteria
  • Can melt and re-solidify easily
109
Q

EMG Agar
- Inhibitors:

A

Eosin and Methylene Blue

110
Q

Modified Thayer Martin Agar
Fungal Inhibitor:

A

Nystatin

111
Q

LJ Medium
- Incubation with light = pigment

A

Photochromogen

112
Q

It is used for the detection of bacterial pathogen that metabolizes glucose using the Mixed Acid Pathway.

A

Methyl Red (MR)

113
Q

These are bacteria that are capable of getting an electron from inorganic molecules.

A

Lithotrophs

114
Q

MSA Agar
Non-mannitol fermenters will appear _________.

A

Dark Pink or Red

115
Q

SSA Agar
- Inhibitors:

A

Brilliant Green, Bile Salts, and Citrate

116
Q

TCBS Agar
Non-sucrose fermenters will appear _________.

A

Blue-Green

117
Q

These are bacteria that grow, live, and survive in the absence of oxygen.

A

Anaerobes

118
Q

BSA Agar
- Selective for:

A

Salmonella spp. (specifically Typhi)

119
Q

BSA Agar
- Inhibitors:

A

Bismuth sulfite

120
Q

BGA Agar
- Inhibitors:

A

Brilliant Green

121
Q

Rapid Lactose Fermenters

A
  • Escherichia
  • Klebsiella
  • Enterobacter
122
Q

HEA Agar
- Sulfur Source:

A

Sodium Thiosulfate

123
Q

Decontaminated means _________.

A

to eliminate normal flora that contaminates the sample using NaOH

124
Q

TCBS Indicator:
- pH Indicator

A

Bromothymol Blue

125
Q

It has a medium size, dark violet colonies with or without dark center.

A

Enterobacter

126
Q

These are bacteria that prefers small concentration of oxygen environment; approximately 2-10%.

A

Microaerophilic Bacteria

127
Q

The standard size of plated media used in AST.

A

150

128
Q

It is used to detect bacterial pathogen that hydrolyze urea substrate.

A

Stuart’s Urea Broth or Christensen Urea Agar

129
Q

To grow or to cultivate microorganisms

A

Culture (verb)

130
Q

It is needed in order for the cell to perform its metabolic or cellular functions.

A

Energy

131
Q

SSA Agar
Non-lactose fermenters will appear _________.

A

Colorless

132
Q

Example of an Osmophilic Bacteria

A

Archaebacteria spp.

133
Q

A tube commonly used in media.

A

Wasserman tubes

134
Q

Martin-Lewis Agar
Gram Negative Inhibitor:

A

Colistin

135
Q

It is used for the detection of bacterial pathogen that can utilize citrate as a sole source of carbon.

A

Simmon Citrate Agar (SCA)

136
Q

SSA Agar
- Shigella Result:

A

Colorless, w/o H2S and w/o blackening

137
Q

These are needed as co-factors in various metabolic processes of the bacteria.

A

Mineral Elements

138
Q

Other sources besides CNE

A
  • Phosphates
  • Phospholipids
  • Sulfur
139
Q

LJ Medium
- Selective for:

A

Mycobacterium spp.

140
Q

Thermophilic

A

50-60 C

141
Q

It is composed of complex materials that are rich in vitamins and nutrients that are not usually represented by a chemical formula.

A

Non-Synthetic or Non-Chemically Defined

142
Q

Decongested or Digested means _________.

A

to dissolve the thick mucin or mucus using N-acetyl L-cysteine (NALC)

143
Q

These are bacteria that grow, live, and survive in the presence of oxygen.

A

Aerobes

144
Q

Classification of Culture Media According to Composition

A
  • Synthetic or Chemically Defined
  • Non-Synthetic or Non-Chemically Defined
  • Tissue Culture Media
145
Q

HEA Agar
- H2S Indicator:

A

Ferric ammonium citrate

146
Q

SSA Agar
- Selective for:

A

Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp.

147
Q

An example of a heterotroph is _________.

A

Most normal flora in our body

148
Q

Sources of Energy

A
  • Light
  • Chemical Energy
149
Q

LJ Medium
- Original Color:

A

Light Green

150
Q

It is used to detect lysine decarboxylation, ornithine decarboxylation, and arginine dehydrolysis.

A

Moeller’s Broth

151
Q

Modified Thayer Martin Agar
Gram Positive Inhibitor:

A

Vancomycin

152
Q

It favors the growth of the organism of interest using inhibitors added in the culture media.

A

Selective Culture Media

153
Q

Examples of Enrichment Borth

A
  • Alkaline Peptone Water (APW)
  • Selenite F. Broth
  • Thioglycolate Broth
  • GN Broth
  • Todd-Hewitt Broth
154
Q

Tissue Culture Media: Mc Coy Cell Line
Source:

A

Mouse Cell Line

155
Q

Late Lactose Fermenters

A
  • Hafnia
  • Serratia
  • Citrobacter
  • Salmonella arizonae
  • Shigella sonnei
  • Yersinia enterocolitica
156
Q

Thayer Martin Agar
Gram Negative Inhibitor:

A

Colistin

157
Q

Bacteria can tolerate salt concentration _______.

A

Below 6%

158
Q

EMG Agar
- Original Color:

A

Dark Violet

159
Q

BGA Agar
- CHO Incorporated:

A

Lactose

160
Q

Sternothermophilic

A

Narrow range of temperature

161
Q

Examples of Enriched Culture Media

A

Chocolate Agar Plate, Blood Agar Plate

162
Q

LJ Medium
- No pigment production

A

Non-photochromogen

163
Q

It is usually a container in glass tubes with different volume capacity.

A

Tubed

164
Q

These are bacteria that are capable of getting an electron from organic molecules.

A

Organotrophs

165
Q

It contains the basic nutritional requirements with additives, enriching substances, or supplements to support the growth of fastidious microorganisms.

A

Enriched Culture Media

166
Q

It is used to selectively favor the growth of Salmonella while inhibiting all other normal intestinal flora.

A

Selenite F. Broth

167
Q

Classification of Culture Media According to Physical State or Consistency

A
  • Liquid
  • Semi-solid
  • Solid
168
Q

Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- Essential nutrients are depleted.

A

Stationary Phase

169
Q

MAC Agar
- Inhibitors:

A

Crystal violet, bile salts, and citrate

170
Q

LLF can produce a result within ___________.

A

36 to 72 hours

171
Q

Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- The rate of cell division equates the rate of cell death.

A

Stationary Phase

172
Q

________ is needed for nucleic acids.

A

Phosphates

173
Q

Bacteria that can tolerate high osmotic pressure

A

Osmophilic

174
Q

Mesophilic

A

20-40 C

175
Q

Thayer Martin Agar
Gram Positive Inhibitor:

A

Vancomycin

176
Q

Psychrophilic or Cryophilic

A

0-20 C

177
Q

Antibiotic Inhibitors for Gram Positive Bacteria

A

Vancomycin

178
Q

Classification of Culture Media According to Manner of Dispensing or Formation

A
  • Plated
  • Tubed
  • Bottled
179
Q

New York City Agar
Gram Positive Inhibitor:

A

Vancomycin

180
Q

It is needed for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acid.

A

Nitrogen

181
Q

The X Factor is also known as ________.

A

Hemin/Hematin

182
Q

These are bacteria that can grow, live, and survive in small concentrations of oxygen (w/wo).

A

Facultative Anaerobes

183
Q

GC-LECT Agar
Gram Negative Inhibitor:

A

Colistin

184
Q

Examples of Transport Culture Media

A
  • Stuart’s Transport Medium
  • Cary-Blair
  • Amie’s
  • Transgrow
  • JEMBEC
185
Q

Examples of Capnophilic Bacteria

A
  • Neisseria spp.
  • Haemophilus spp.
  • Aggregatibacter spp.
  • Cardiobacterium spp.
  • Eikenella
  • Kingella
186
Q

Examples of Aerotolerant Anaerobes

A
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Bacteroides fragilis
  • Propionibacterium
  • Lactobacillus
187
Q

It is typically used for decongestion/digestion.

A

N-acetyl L-cysteine

188
Q

Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- Toxic products accumulate

A

Stationary Phase

189
Q

These are bacteria that do not require oxygen but may tolerate or withstand limited oxygen exposure.

A

Aerotolerant Anaerobes

190
Q

A culture medium that contains 1.5 - 3% agar.

A

Solid

191
Q

MAC AGAR
Lactose fermenters will appear _________.

A

Dark Pink

192
Q

Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- The bacteria is still adjusting to the environment.

A

Lag Phase

193
Q

It is used for the detection of bacterial pathogen that metabolizes glucose using the Butylene Glycol Pathway.

A

Voges-Proskauer (VP)

194
Q

It refers to the increase in the number of bacteria rather than in size.

A

Bacterial Growth

195
Q

Examples of Strict/Obligate Anaerobes

A
  • Clostridium noyvi
  • Bacteroides spp.
  • Fusobacterium spp.
  • Peptostreptococcus spp.
  • Porphyromonas spp.
196
Q

These are bacteria that requires 5-10% of CO2 to grow.

A

Capnophilic Bacteria

197
Q

MSA Agar
- Indicator:

A

Phenol Red

198
Q

A primary isolation culture media which maintains the viability of bacteria without allowing rapid multiplication.

A

Transport Culture Media

199
Q

Bacteria is made up of _____% water.

A

70

200
Q

Chemical Inhibitors for Gram Negative Bacteria

A
  • Potassium Tellurite
  • Sodium Azide
  • Phenlyethyl Alcohol
201
Q

Energy is in the form of __________.

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

202
Q

Describe the colony appearance of Salmonella spp. in BSA agar

A

Black colonies with silver metallic sheen

203
Q

The V Factor is also known as ________.

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)

204
Q

Example of Acidophilic Bacteria

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus

205
Q

It is used to selectively favor the growth of Vibrio while inhibiting all other normal intestinal flora due to its high pH.

A

Alkaline Peptone Water (APW)

206
Q

Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- The phase where bacteria is most susceptible to the action of antimicrobial agents.

A

Logarithmic Phase

207
Q

It is the degradation product of hemoglobin.

A

Hemin/Hematin (X Factor)

208
Q

Tissue Culture Media: Vero Cell Line
Source:

A

Kidney Cells of African Green Monkey

209
Q

BSA Agar
- CHO Incorporated:

A

Glucose

210
Q

MSA Agar
- Selective for:

A

Staphylococcus spp.

211
Q

TCBS Agar
- CHO incorporated

A

Sucrose

212
Q

It has a large size, mucoid, dark violet colonies with or without dark center.

A

Klebsiella

213
Q

Culture media contained in a glass bottle that is usually used for blood culture.

A

Bottled

214
Q

Give examples of halophilic bacteria

A
  • Staphylococcus spp.
  • Enterococcus spp.
  • Vibrio spp. (except cholera and mimicus)
  • Bacillus spp.
215
Q

A culture medium that does not have a solidifying agent.

A

Liquid

216
Q

Nitrogen makes up _______% of the dry weight of a bacterium.

A

14

217
Q

A fast-growing bacteria is ___________.

A

Escherichia coli

218
Q

What are the 2 major bacterial growth requirements?

A

Nutritional and Environmental

219
Q

These are bacteria that absolutely do not require oxygen to grow, live, and survive.

A

Strict or Obligate Anaerobes

220
Q

Modified Thayer Martin Agar
Proteus Inhibitor:

A

Trimethoprim

221
Q

It is needed for the synthesis of cellular components.

A

Carbon

222
Q

EMB AGAR
Lactose fermenters will appear _________.

A

Dark Violet

223
Q

HEA Agar
- pH Indicators:

A

Bromothymol Blue (BTB)

224
Q

Bacterial metabolism without the use of oxygen.

A

Fermentation

225
Q

Electron Sources

A
  • Inorganic Molecules
  • Organic Molecules
  • NADH
  • FADH2
226
Q

Examples of Microaerophilic Bacteria

A
  • Campylobacter spp.
  • Helicobacter spp.
  • Arcobacter spp.
  • Streptococcus spp. (some)
227
Q

Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- Bacterial cell division decrease, while cell death becomes more accelerated.

A

Death Phase

228
Q

Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- No cell division occurs, but there are already cellular activities.

A

Lag Phase

229
Q

Carbon represents ______% of the dry weight of a bacterium.

A

50

230
Q

HEA Agar
Non-lactose fermenters will appear _________.

A

Blue/Green

231
Q

It is usually grown in MSA that has 7% of NaCl

A

Staphylococcus spp.

232
Q

BGA Agar
- Selective for:

A

Salmonella spp. (except Typhi)

233
Q

TCBS Agar
- Selective for:

A

Vibrio spp.

234
Q

An agar plate that has lysed RBC.

A

Chocolate Agar Plate (CAP)

235
Q

Describe the colony appearance of Salmonella spp. in BGA agar

A

White colonies surrounded by brilliant red medium

236
Q

Commonly, the _________ bacteria are extremely thermophilic.

A

spore-forming

Bacteriology (17 decks)

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