Bacterial Cultivation Flashcards
1
Q
These are bacteria that get their energy from the light.
A
Phototrophs
2
Q
Acid loving bacteria
A
Acidophilic
3
Q
Examples of Strict/Obligate Aerobes
A
- Mycobacterium
- Micrococcus
- Pseudomonas
- Neisseria
- Brucella
- Francisella
- Bordetella
- Leptospira
4
Q
What does Lactose yield when it is fermented?
A
Acid (low pH)
5
Q
MSA Agar
- Original Color:
A
Light or Salmon Pink
6
Q
An agar plate that has intact RBC.
A
Blood Agar Plate (BAP)
7
Q
It is typically used for decontamination.
A
NaOH
8
Q
These are bacteria that obtain energy by breaking down chemical compounds in their environment.
A
Chemotrophs
9
Q
Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- There is a sudden increase of bacteria because of rapid generation or doubling time.
A
Logarithmic Phase
10
Q
MAC Agar
- Indicator:
A
Neutral Red
11
Q
The number of generation per hour
A
Growth Rate Constant
12
Q
MSA Agar
Mannitol fermenters will appear _________.
A
Yellow
13
Q
Together, these other sources make up _____% of the dry weight of the bacteria.
A
4
14
Q
SSA Agar
- Sulfur Source:
A
Sodium Thiosulfate
15
Q
EMG AGAR
Non-lactose fermenters will appear _________.
A
Colorless
16
Q
Tissue Culture Media: HELA Cell Line
Source:
A
Human Cervical Carcinoma
17
Q
TCBS Agar:
- Inhibitors:
A
Thiosulfate, citrate, bile salts,
18
Q
Most pathogenic bacteria can grow in a _________ or _________ environment.
A
Neutral or Slightly Alkaline
19
Q
GC-LECT Agar
Proteus Inhibitor:
A
Trimethoprim
20
Q
Dye Inhibitors for Gram Positive Bacteria
A
- Crystal Violet
- Eosin
- Methylene Blue
- Brilliant Green
21
Q
What are examples of Basic Culture Media?
A
Nutrient Agar, Nutrient Broth, TSA, TSB
22
Q
GC-LECT Agar
Fungal Inhibitor:
A
Amphotericin B
23
Q
CAP contains which factor/s?
A
X and V
24
Q
These are bacteria that require special or additional requirements to grow in culture media.
A
Fastidious Bacteria
25
What are the 3 Major Nutritional Requirements for Bacterial Growth?
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
- Energy
26
It is used for the determination of bacterial pathogen's ability to decarboxylate or deaminate lysine.
Lysine Iron Agar (LIA)
27
Modified Thayer Martin Agar
Gram Negative Inhibitor:
Colistin
28
Bacterial metabolism with the use of oxygen.
Oxidation
29
GC-LECT Agar
Gram Positive Inhibitor:
Vancomycin
30
The growth of microorganisms
Culture (noun)
31
Martin-Lewis Agar
Proteus Inhibitor:
Trimethoprim
32
EMG Agar
- Selective for:
Gram negative enteric bacilli
33
Alkali loving bacteria
Alkaliphilic
34
Tissue Culture Media: A549 Cells
Source:
Human Lung Carcinoma
35
Antibiotic Inhibitors for Fungi
- Nystatin
- Anisomycin
- Amphotericin B.
36
Enumerate the 4 Stages of Bacterial Growth
1. Lag Phase
2. Logarithmic Phase
3. Stationary Phase
4. Death Phase
37
This is also used as a base medium in the preparation of other culture media.
Gen.Purpose/Primary/Basic/Basal/Supportive/General Isolation Culture Media
38
New York City Agar
Proteus Inhibitor:
Trimethoprim
39
Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- Oxygen becomes limited
Stationary Phase
40
Martin-Lewis Agar
Gram Positive Inhibitor:
Vancomycin
41
It is usually contained in a container that can be made of glass or disposable plastic.
Plated
42
Non-Lactose Fermenters
- ALL *Salmonella* except arizonae
- ALL *Shigella* except sonnei
- ALL *Yersinia* except enterocolitica
- *Proteus*
- *Prudencia*
- *Morganella*
- *Edwarsiella*
43
An artificial preparation in the laboratory which contains basic foundation of nutrients and a solidifying agent to support the growth of microorganisms.
Culture Media
44
The standard size in diameter of a plated media.
100 mm
45
SSA Agar
- Salmonella Result:
Colorless, w/ H2S and w/ blackening
46
Eurithermophilic
Wide range of temperature
47
A slow-growing bacteria is ___________.
*Mycobacterium tuberculosis*
48
Tissue Culture Media: Chicken Embryo
Source:
Fertilized Chicken Egg
49
The transfer of microorganisms from one culture media to another.
Transplant or Subculture
50
HEA Agar
- Selective for:
Gram negative enteric bacilli
51
Antibiotic Inhibitors for Gram Negative Bacteria
- Colistin
- Nalidixic Acid
- Trimethoprim
52
Most pathogenic bacteria can grow in an environment with a pH of ________.
7.0 - 7.5
53
The generation time of bacteria in culture media is __________.
20 minutes to 24 hours
54
Hyperthermophilic or Exteremely Thermophilic
80-110 C
55
HEA Agar
- Original Color:
Dark Green
56
Dye Inhibitors for Gram Negative Bacteria
- Basic Fuchsin
- Thionine
57
Martin-Lewis Agar
Fungal Inhibitor:
Anisomycin
58
MSA Agar
- Inhibitors:
High Concentration of Salt (7.5%)
59
A group of bacteria that utilizes organic compounds in the culture media as a source of nutrition.
Heterotrophs
60
It is used for the determination of bacterial pathogen's ability to ferment glucose, sucrose, and lactose.
Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI)
61
SSA Agar
- Original Color:
Light Orange
62
MAC Agar
- Selective for:
Gram negative enteric bacilli
63
A culture medium that contains 0.5 - 1% agar.
Semi-solid
64
It has a medium size, dark violet colonies with greenish metallic sheen.
*Escherichia*
65
SSA Agar
- pH Indicators:
Neutral Red
66
The act of introducing the microorganism to the culture media.
Inoculate/Plant/Cultivate
67
New York City Agar
Fungal Inhibitor:
Amphotericin B
68
These are live cells harvested from organs of humans and animals that supports the growth of obligate intracellular organisms that cannot grow in artificially prepared culture media.
Tissue Culture Media
69
Tissue Culture Media: Help-2 Cell Line
Source:
Human epithelial cells of larynx carcinoma
70
LJ Medium
- Incubation without light = pigment
Scotochromogen
71
Example of Alkaliphilic Bacteria
*Gardnerella vaginalis*
72
SSA Agar
Lactose fermenters will appear _________.
Dark Pink
73
It is composed of known and exact amounts of pure chemical substances.
Synthetic or Chemically Defined
74
An enrichment broth for anaerobic bacteria.
Thioglycolate Broth
75
LJ Medium
- Inhibitors:
Malachite Green
76
It refers to the time it takes for one cell to divide into two cells.
Generation or Doubling Time
77
MAC AGAR
Non-lactose fermenters will appear _________.
Colorless
78
It contains basic nutritional requirements to support the growth of non-fastidious microorganisms.
Gen.Purpose/Primary/Basic/Basal/Supportive/General Isolation Culture Media
79
It is a liquid enrichment recommended for the production of *Streptococci* haemolysin and the cultivation of it.
Todd-Hewitt Broth
80
Nitrogen Sources
- Free Nitrogen from the air
- Nitrogenous Compounds in the Culture Media
81
Most common bottle used in media.
bacT alert
82
It contains indicators which changes in color as a result of a product produced by a chemical reaction in the media.
Differential Culture Media
83
SSA Agar
- H2S Indicator:
Ferric ammonium citrate
84
It can tolerate up to 10% of salt concentration.
*Vibrio* spp.
85
In LJ medium, before culturing, the sample must undergo the following steps ___________.
1. Decongested/Digested
2. Decontaminated
86
Chemical Inhibitors for Gram Positive Bacteria
- Bismuth sulfite
- Bile Salts (sodium deoxycholate)
- Thiosulfate
- Citrate
87
TCBS Agar
Sucrose fermenters will appear _________.
Yellow
88
_________ is needed for the cell wall.
Phospholipid
89
TCBS Agar:
- Original Color:
Light Green or Olive Green
90
These are bacteria that absolutely requires oxygen to grow, live, and survive.
Strict or Obligate Aerobes
91
Carbon Dioxide Sources
- Carbon Dioxide from the air
- Organic Compounds in the Culture Media
92
A primary media to support or favor the selective growth of pathogens in a specimen, where the number of normal flora outnumber the pathogens.
Enrichment Broth
93
__________ is needed for protein synthesis.
Sulfur
94
HEA Agar
Lactose fermenters will appear _________.
Orange
95
New York City Agar
Gram Negative Inhibitor:
Colistin
96
BAP contains which factor/s?
X only
97
Selective medium composition for *Neisseria* spp.
Chocolate agar base with antibiotics
98
These are bacteria that can survive high salt concentrations.
Halophiles
99
MAC Agar
- Original Color:
Pink
100
Most pathogenic bacteria grow at temperature between __________.
35-37 C
101
It is used for the production of hydrogen sulfide gas, indole production, and motility.
Sulfide Indole Motility Medium (SIM)
102
Thayer Martin Agar
Fungal Inhibitor:
Nystatin
103
It is used to selectively favor the growth of *Salmonella* and *Shigella* while inhibiting all other normal intestinal flora.
Gram Negative Broth (GN)
104
Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- The phase where bacteria is most metabolically active.
Logarithmic Phase
105
RLF can produce a result within __________.
18 to 24 hours
106
EMG Agar
- Differential Indicators:
Eosin and Methylene Blue
107
A group of bacteria that uses Carbon Dioxide from the air as a source of nutrition.
Autotrophs
108
Why is agar used as a solidifying agent?
- Not easily degraded by bacteria
- Can melt and re-solidify easily
109
EMG Agar
- Inhibitors:
Eosin and Methylene Blue
110
Modified Thayer Martin Agar
Fungal Inhibitor:
Nystatin
111
LJ Medium
- Incubation with light = pigment
Photochromogen
112
It is used for the detection of bacterial pathogen that metabolizes glucose using the Mixed Acid Pathway.
Methyl Red (MR)
113
These are bacteria that are capable of getting an electron from inorganic molecules.
Lithotrophs
114
MSA Agar
Non-mannitol fermenters will appear _________.
Dark Pink or Red
115
SSA Agar
- Inhibitors:
Brilliant Green, Bile Salts, and Citrate
116
TCBS Agar
Non-sucrose fermenters will appear _________.
Blue-Green
117
These are bacteria that grow, live, and survive in the absence of oxygen.
Anaerobes
118
BSA Agar
- Selective for:
*Salmonella* spp. (specifically Typhi)
119
BSA Agar
- Inhibitors:
Bismuth sulfite
120
BGA Agar
- Inhibitors:
Brilliant Green
121
Rapid Lactose Fermenters
- *Escherichia*
- *Klebsiella*
- *Enterobacter*
122
HEA Agar
- Sulfur Source:
Sodium Thiosulfate
123
Decontaminated means _________.
to eliminate normal flora that contaminates the sample using NaOH
124
TCBS Indicator:
- pH Indicator
Bromothymol Blue
125
It has a medium size, dark violet colonies with or without dark center.
*Enterobacter*
126
These are bacteria that prefers small concentration of oxygen environment; approximately 2-10%.
Microaerophilic Bacteria
127
The standard size of plated media used in AST.
150
128
It is used to detect bacterial pathogen that hydrolyze urea substrate.
Stuart's Urea Broth or Christensen Urea Agar
129
To grow or to cultivate microorganisms
Culture (verb)
130
It is needed in order for the cell to perform its metabolic or cellular functions.
Energy
131
SSA Agar
Non-lactose fermenters will appear _________.
Colorless
132
Example of an Osmophilic Bacteria
*Archaebacteria* spp.
133
A tube commonly used in media.
Wasserman tubes
134
Martin-Lewis Agar
Gram Negative Inhibitor:
Colistin
135
It is used for the detection of bacterial pathogen that can utilize citrate as a sole source of carbon.
Simmon Citrate Agar (SCA)
136
SSA Agar
- Shigella Result:
Colorless, w/o H2S and w/o blackening
137
These are needed as co-factors in various metabolic processes of the bacteria.
Mineral Elements
138
Other sources besides CNE
- Phosphates
- Phospholipids
- Sulfur
139
LJ Medium
- Selective for:
*Mycobacterium* spp.
140
Thermophilic
50-60 C
141
It is composed of complex materials that are rich in vitamins and nutrients that are not usually represented by a chemical formula.
Non-Synthetic or Non-Chemically Defined
142
Decongested or Digested means _________.
to dissolve the thick mucin or mucus using N-acetyl L-cysteine (NALC)
143
These are bacteria that grow, live, and survive in the presence of oxygen.
Aerobes
144
Classification of Culture Media According to Composition
- Synthetic or Chemically Defined
- Non-Synthetic or Non-Chemically Defined
- Tissue Culture Media
145
HEA Agar
- H2S Indicator:
Ferric ammonium citrate
146
SSA Agar
- Selective for:
*Salmonella* spp. and *Shigella* spp.
147
An example of a heterotroph is _________.
Most normal flora in our body
148
Sources of Energy
- Light
- Chemical Energy
149
LJ Medium
- Original Color:
Light Green
150
It is used to detect lysine decarboxylation, ornithine decarboxylation, and arginine dehydrolysis.
Moeller's Broth
151
Modified Thayer Martin Agar
Gram Positive Inhibitor:
Vancomycin
152
It favors the growth of the organism of interest using inhibitors added in the culture media.
Selective Culture Media
153
Examples of Enrichment Borth
- Alkaline Peptone Water (APW)
- Selenite F. Broth
- Thioglycolate Broth
- GN Broth
- Todd-Hewitt Broth
154
Tissue Culture Media: Mc Coy Cell Line
Source:
Mouse Cell Line
155
Late Lactose Fermenters
- *Hafnia*
- *Serratia*
- *Citrobacter*
- *Salmonella arizonae*
- *Shigella sonnei*
- *Yersinia enterocolitica*
156
Thayer Martin Agar
Gram Negative Inhibitor:
Colistin
157
Bacteria can tolerate salt concentration _______.
Below 6%
158
EMG Agar
- Original Color:
Dark Violet
159
BGA Agar
- CHO Incorporated:
Lactose
160
Sternothermophilic
Narrow range of temperature
161
Examples of Enriched Culture Media
Chocolate Agar Plate, Blood Agar Plate
162
LJ Medium
- No pigment production
Non-photochromogen
163
It is usually a container in glass tubes with different volume capacity.
Tubed
164
These are bacteria that are capable of getting an electron from organic molecules.
Organotrophs
165
It contains the basic nutritional requirements with additives, enriching substances, or supplements to support the growth of fastidious microorganisms.
Enriched Culture Media
166
It is used to selectively favor the growth of *Salmonella* while inhibiting all other normal intestinal flora.
Selenite F. Broth
167
Classification of Culture Media According to Physical State or Consistency
- Liquid
- Semi-solid
- Solid
168
Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- Essential nutrients are depleted.
Stationary Phase
169
MAC Agar
- Inhibitors:
Crystal violet, bile salts, and citrate
170
LLF can produce a result within ___________.
36 to 72 hours
171
Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- The rate of cell division equates the rate of cell death.
Stationary Phase
172
________ is needed for nucleic acids.
Phosphates
173
Bacteria that can tolerate high osmotic pressure
Osmophilic
174
Mesophilic
20-40 C
175
Thayer Martin Agar
Gram Positive Inhibitor:
Vancomycin
176
Psychrophilic or Cryophilic
0-20 C
177
Antibiotic Inhibitors for Gram Positive Bacteria
Vancomycin
178
Classification of Culture Media According to Manner of Dispensing or Formation
- Plated
- Tubed
- Bottled
179
New York City Agar
Gram Positive Inhibitor:
Vancomycin
180
It is needed for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acid.
Nitrogen
181
The X Factor is also known as ________.
Hemin/Hematin
182
These are bacteria that can grow, live, and survive in small concentrations of oxygen (w/wo).
Facultative Anaerobes
183
GC-LECT Agar
Gram Negative Inhibitor:
Colistin
184
Examples of Transport Culture Media
- Stuart's Transport Medium
- Cary-Blair
- Amie's
- Transgrow
- JEMBEC
185
Examples of Capnophilic Bacteria
- *Neisseria* spp.
- *Haemophilus* spp.
- *Aggregatibacter* spp.
- *Cardiobacterium* spp.
- *Eikenella*
- *Kingella*
186
Examples of Aerotolerant Anaerobes
- *Clostridium perfringens*
- *Bacteroides fragilis*
- *Propionibacterium*
- *Lactobacillus*
187
It is typically used for decongestion/digestion.
N-acetyl L-cysteine
188
Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- Toxic products accumulate
Stationary Phase
189
These are bacteria that do not require oxygen but may tolerate or withstand limited oxygen exposure.
Aerotolerant Anaerobes
190
A culture medium that contains 1.5 - 3% agar.
Solid
191
MAC AGAR
Lactose fermenters will appear _________.
Dark Pink
192
Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- The bacteria is still adjusting to the environment.
Lag Phase
193
It is used for the detection of bacterial pathogen that metabolizes glucose using the Butylene Glycol Pathway.
Voges-Proskauer (VP)
194
It refers to the increase in the number of bacteria rather than in size.
Bacterial Growth
195
Examples of Strict/Obligate Anaerobes
- *Clostridium noyvi*
- *Bacteroides* spp.
- *Fusobacterium* spp.
- *Peptostreptococcus* spp.
- *Porphyromonas* spp.
196
These are bacteria that requires 5-10% of CO2 to grow.
Capnophilic Bacteria
197
MSA Agar
- Indicator:
Phenol Red
198
A primary isolation culture media which maintains the viability of bacteria without allowing rapid multiplication.
Transport Culture Media
199
Bacteria is made up of _____% water.
70
200
Chemical Inhibitors for Gram Negative Bacteria
- Potassium Tellurite
- Sodium Azide
- Phenlyethyl Alcohol
201
Energy is in the form of __________.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
202
Describe the colony appearance of *Salmonella* spp. in BSA agar
Black colonies with silver metallic sheen
203
The V Factor is also known as ________.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)
204
Example of Acidophilic Bacteria
*Lactobacillus acidophilus*
205
It is used to selectively favor the growth of *Vibrio* while inhibiting all other normal intestinal flora due to its high pH.
Alkaline Peptone Water (APW)
206
Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- The phase where bacteria is most susceptible to the action of antimicrobial agents.
Logarithmic Phase
207
It is the degradation product of hemoglobin.
Hemin/Hematin (X Factor)
208
Tissue Culture Media: Vero Cell Line
Source:
Kidney Cells of African Green Monkey
209
BSA Agar
- CHO Incorporated:
Glucose
210
MSA Agar
- Selective for:
*Staphylococcus* spp.
211
TCBS Agar
- CHO incorporated
Sucrose
212
It has a large size, mucoid, dark violet colonies with or without dark center.
*Klebsiella*
213
Culture media contained in a glass bottle that is usually used for blood culture.
Bottled
214
Give examples of halophilic bacteria
- *Staphylococcus* spp.
- *Enterococcus* spp.
- *Vibrio* spp. (except *cholera* and *mimicus*)
- *Bacillus* spp.
215
A culture medium that does not have a solidifying agent.
Liquid
216
Nitrogen makes up _______% of the dry weight of a bacterium.
14
217
A fast-growing bacteria is ___________.
*Escherichia coli*
218
What are the 2 major bacterial growth requirements?
Nutritional and Environmental
219
These are bacteria that absolutely do not require oxygen to grow, live, and survive.
Strict or Obligate Anaerobes
220
Modified Thayer Martin Agar
Proteus Inhibitor:
Trimethoprim
221
It is needed for the synthesis of cellular components.
Carbon
222
EMB AGAR
Lactose fermenters will appear _________.
Dark Violet
223
HEA Agar
- pH Indicators:
Bromothymol Blue (BTB)
224
Bacterial metabolism without the use of oxygen.
Fermentation
225
Electron Sources
- Inorganic Molecules
- Organic Molecules
- NADH
- FADH2
226
Examples of Microaerophilic Bacteria
- *Campylobacter* spp.
- *Helicobacter* spp.
- *Arcobacter* spp.
- *Streptococcus* spp. (some)
227
Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- Bacterial cell division decrease, while cell death becomes more accelerated.
Death Phase
228
Which Stage of Bacterial Growth?
- No cell division occurs, but there are already cellular activities.
Lag Phase
229
Carbon represents ______% of the dry weight of a bacterium.
50
230
HEA Agar
Non-lactose fermenters will appear _________.
Blue/Green
231
It is usually grown in MSA that has 7% of NaCl
*Staphylococcus* spp.
232
BGA Agar
- Selective for:
*Salmonella* spp. (except Typhi)
233
TCBS Agar
- Selective for:
*Vibrio* spp.
234
An agar plate that has lysed RBC.
Chocolate Agar Plate (CAP)
235
Describe the colony appearance of *Salmonella* spp. in BGA agar
White colonies surrounded by brilliant red medium
236
Commonly, the _________ bacteria are extremely thermophilic.
spore-forming
