Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards
1
Q
Enterobacteriaceae are often referred to as ________.
A
Enterics or Coliforms
2
Q
Natural habitat of Enterobacteriaceae
A
Intestinal tract
3
Q
Gram stain reaction and Morphology of Enterobacteriaceae
A
Gram (-) bacilli and coccobacilli
4
Q
Aerotolerance of Enterobacteriaceae
A
Facultative anaerobes or Aerobes
5
Q
Enterobacteriaceae do not produce ________.
A
Cytochrome oxidase
6
Q
Which member of Enterobacteriaceae produces cytochrome oxidase?
A
Plesiomonas spp.
7
Q
Which carbohydrate/s can be fermented by the members of Enterobacteriaceae?
A
Glucose
8
Q
Can Enterobacteriaceae reduce nitrate to nitrite?
A
Yes
EXCEPT: Photohabdus and Xenorhabdus
9
Q
Which member of Enterobacteriaceae cannot reduce nitrate?
A
- Photorhabdus
- Xenorhabdus
10
Q
Are Enterobacteriaceae motile?
A
Yes (at room temperature)
11
Q
Which member/s of the Enterobacteriaceae family are not motile at room temperature?
A
MNEMONIC: SKY
* Shigella spp.
* Klebsiella spp.
* Yersinia spp.
12
Q
Enterobacteriaceae possess a ____ flagella
A
peritrichous
13
Q
Catalase reaction of Enterobacteriaceae
A
(+)
EXCEPT: Shigella dysenteriae type 1
14
Q
Which member/s of the Enterobacteriaceae family is not Catalase (+)?
A
Shigella dysenteriae type 1
15
Q
Colonial appearance of Enterobacteriaceae on BAP/CAP
A
Large, moist, and gray colored
16
Q
____ are used in order to classify the members of the Enterobacteriaceae Family.
A
Tribes
17
Q
Tribes are proposed by ____.
A
Ewing
18
Q
When did Ewing proposed the classification of Enterobacteriaceae Family according to Tribes?
A
1963
19
Q
Genus under the Escherichieae Tribe
A
- Escherichia
- Shigella
20
Q
Genus under the Edwardsielleae Tribe
A
Edwardsiella
21
Q
Genus under the Salmonelleae Tribe
A
Salmonella
22
Q
Genus under the Citrobacteriaceae Tribe
A
Citrobacter
23
Q
Genus under the Klebsielleae Tribe
A
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
- Pantoea
- Cronobacter
- Hafnia
- Serratia
24
Q
Genus under the Proteeae Tribe
A
- Proteus
- Providencia
- Morganella
25
Genus under the Yersinieae Tribe
*Yersinia*
26
H2S (+) organisms in TSI agar
**MNEMONIC: SPACE**
* ***S**almonella*
* ***P**roteus*
* ***A**rizona*
* ***C**itrobacter*
* ***E**dwardsiella*
27
H2S (+) organisms in LIA
**MNEMONIC: SACE**
* ***S**almonella*
* ***A**rizona*
* ***C**itrobacter*
* ***E**dwardsiella*
28
Rapid Urease Producers
**ACRONYM: PPM**
* ***P**roteus*
* ***P**rovidencia*
* ***M**organella*
29
Slow Urease Producers
**ACRONYM: CKEYS**
* ***C**itrobacter*
* ***K**lebsiella*
* ***E**nterobacter*
* ***Y**ersinia*
* ***S**erratia*
30
Deaminase (+) organisms
**ACRONYM: PPM**
* ***P**roteus*
* ***P**rovidencia*
* ***M**organella*
31
Lysine Decarboxylation (+) organisms
**ACRONYM: KEESSH**
* ***K**lebsiella*
* ***E**scherichia*
* ***E**dwardsiella*
* ***S**erratia*
* ***S**almonella*
* ***H**afnia*
32
Lysine Decarboxylation (-) organisms
**ACRONYM: PPMYCES**
* ***P**roteus*
* ***P**rovidencia*
* ***M**organella*
* ***Y**ersinia*
* ***C**itrobacter*
* ***E**nterobacter*
* ***S**higella*
33
Which *Enterobacter* sp. is not a slow urease producer?
*Enterobacter gergoviae*
34
Which *Salmonella* sp. is not LDC (+)?
*Salmonella paratyphi* A
35
Which *Enterobacter* sp. is not LDC (-)?
* *Enterobacter gergoviae*
* *Enterobacter aerogenes*
36
A heat-stable antigen found on the cell wall
Somatic Antigen (O antigen)
37
A heat-labile antigen found on the surface of the flagella
Flagellar Antigen (H antigen)
38
A heat-labile polysaccharide found on encapsulated species
Capsular Antigen (K antigen)
39
O antigen is also known as _______.
Somatic antigen
40
H antigen is also known as _______.
Flagellar antigen
41
K antigen is also known as _______.
Capsular antigen
42
Which antigen is present in *E. coli*?
K1 antigen
43
K1 antigen is found in ____.
*Escherichia coli*
44
Which antigen is present in *Salmonella enterica*?
Vi antigen
45
Vi antigen is found in ____.
*Salmonella enterica*
46
IMVC stands for _________.
* **I**ndole
* **M**ethyl Red
* **V**oges-Proskauer
* **C**itrate
47
IMVC reaction of *Escherichia coli*
* Indole (+)
* Methyl red (+)
* Voges-Proskauer (-)
* Citrate (-)
48
Who discovered *E. coli*?
Escherich
49
When was *E. coli discovered*?
1885
50
***"Colon bacillus"*** or ***"Golden bacillus"*** refers to ______.
*Escherichia coli*
51
*Escherichia coli* is also known as _______.
Colon bacillus or Golden bacillus
52
Oxidase reaction of *E. coli*
Negative (-)
53
______ is used as a primary marker of fecal contamination in water quality testing.
*Escherichia coli*
54
Which carbohydrate/s can *E. coli* ferment?
* Glucose
* Lactose
* Trehalose
* Xylose
55
Colonial appearance of *E. coli* on EMB agar
Greenish-metallic sheen
56
Infections associated with *Escherichia coli*
* UTIs
* Bacteremia
* Neonatal meningitis
* Nosocomial infections
57
____ is the most common cause of gram (-) nosocomial infections
*Escherichia coli*
58
Extraintestinal infections of *E. coli*
Septicemia and meningitis among neonates
59
Deoxyribonuclease production of *E. coli*
Negative (-)
60
Phenylalanine deaminase production of *E. coli*
Negative (-)
61
The most common cause of UTIs in humans
Uropathogenic *Escherichia coli*
62
____ is one of the major causes of infant bacterial diarrhea.
Enterotoxigenic *Escherichia coli* (ETEC)
63
____ is the most common cause of Traveler's Diarrhea.
Enterotoxigenic *Escherichia coli* (ETEC)
64
Enterotoxigenic *Escherichia coli* (ETEC) is the most common cause of _______.
Traveler's Diarrhea
65
How is Traveler's Diarrhea transmitted?
Through the consumption of contaminated food or water
66
Patients with a diarrhea caused by ETEC exhibit this complication.
Achlorhydria
67
____ is the deficiency of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
Achlorhydria
68
ETEC produces a ____ enterotoxin.
heat-labile
69
Symptoms of diarrhea caused by ETEC
* Watery diarrhea
* Abdominal cramps
* Nausea
70
____ are known to cause infantile diarrhea.
Enteropathogenic *Escherichia coli*
71
Enteropathogenic *Escherichia coli* are known to cause _____.
Infantile diarrhea
72
Symptoms of diarrhea caused by EPEC
* Low-grade fever
* Malaise
* Vomitting
* Diarrhea
73
EPEC has ____ groups
2
74
Groups under EPEC
* O serogoup
* H antigenic group
75
Which group under EPEC causes diarrhea?
O serogroup
76
Which group under EPEC causes intestinal infections?
H antigenic group
77
Stool description of diarrhea caused by EPEC
Watery with mucus but without blood
78
____ produce dysentery with direct penetration, invasion and destruction of the intestinal mucosa.
Enteroinvasive *Escherichia coli* (EIEC)
79
Enteroinvasive *Escherichia coli* (EIEC) produces ____.
dysentery
80
____ is similar to Shigellosis
Enteroinvasive *Escherichia coli* (EIEC)
81
Enteroinvasive *Escherichia coli* (EIEC) is similar to _____.
Shigellosis
82
How are EIEC infections transmitted?
Through person-to-person via fecal-oral route
83
Which type of *E. coli* is non-motile?
Enteroinvasive *Escherichia coli*
84
Which type of *E. coli* is not a lactose fermenter?
Enteroinvasive *Escherichia coli*
85
Which type of *E. coli* is LDC (-)?
Enteroinvasive *Escherichia coli*
86
____ is the most well-known strain of Enterohemorrhagic *Escherichia coli* (EHEC).
*E. coli* O157:H7
87
____ is associated with hemorrhagic diarrhea, colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
*E. coli* O157:H7
88
*E. coli* O157:H7 is associated with _____.
Hemorrhagic diarrhea, Colitis, and Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
89
*E. coli* O157:H7 was first recognized during the _____.
outbreak of hemorrhagic diarrhea and colitis
90
*E. coli* O157:H7 was first recognized in _____.
1982
91
____ is characterized by low platelet count and presence of hemolytic anemia and kidney failure.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
92
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is characterized by _____.
low platelet count, hemolytic anemia, and kidney failure
93
____ does not ferment sorbitol in 24 hours.
*E. coli* O157:H7
94
*E. coli* O157:H7 does not ferment ____ in 24 hours.
sorbitol
95
Biochemical test for *E. coli* O157:H7
4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoronide (MUG) assay
96
____ rarely produces the enzyme β-D-glucoronidase.
*E. coli* O157:H7
97
____ *E. coli* O157:H7 strains can produce β-D-glucoronidase.
92%
98
MUG assay principle
β-D-glucoronidase will cleave MUG and produce a fluorescent product
99
How many toxins does *E. coli* O157:H7 produce?
2
100
Toxins produced by *E. coli* O157:H7
* Verotoxin I
* Verotoxin II
101
Which toxin produces damage to Vero cells?
Verotoxin I
102
Vero cells came from _____.
Kidney cells of African green monkey
103
Symptoms of EHEC infections
* Watery diarrhea
* Bloody diarrhea
* Abdominal cramps
* Low-grade fever or no fever
104
Pathotypes of Enteroadherent *Escherichia coli*
1. Diffusely Adherent *E. coli* (DAEC)
2. Enteroaggregative *E. coli* (EAEC)
105
____ is associated with diarrheal syndromes and UTIs.
Diffusely Adherent *E. coli* (DAEC)
106
Diffusely Adherent *E. coli* (DAEC) is associated with _____.
Diarrheal syndromes and UTIs
107
____ is associated with diarrhea by adhering to the surface of the intestinal mucosa.
Enteroaggregative *E. coli* (EAEC)
108
Enteroaggregative *E. coli* (EAEC) is associated with _____.
Diarrhea by adhering to the surface of the intestinal mucosa
109
Which species of *Escherichia* are yellow-pigmented?
* *Escherichia hermanii*
* *Escherichia vulneris*
110
____ is isolated from CSF, wounds, and blood.
*Escherichia hermanii*
111
____ is isolated from humans with infected wounds.
*Escherichia vulneris*
112
____ is associated with diarrheal disease in children.
*Escherichia albertii*
113
IMVC reaction of *Klebsiella* and *Raoultella*
* Indole (-)
* Methyl red (-)
* Voges-Proskauer (+)
* Citrate (+)
114
Most *Klebsiella* and *Raoultella* spp. grow on ______.
Simmon's Citrate and Pottasium Cyanide Broth
115
Motility of *Klebsiella* and *Raoultella*
Variable
116
*Klebsiella* and *Raoultella* are associated with _______.
Opportunistic and Hospital-acquired infections (e.g., Pneumonia, wound infections, and UTIs)
117
____ is the most commonly isolated species of *Klebsiella*.
*Klebsiella pneumoniae*
118
A virulence factor of *Klebsiella pneumoniae* is the presence of _____.
Polysaccharide capsule
119
Colonial appearance of *Klebsiella pneumoniae*
Moist and mucoid colonies
120
Which factor is responsible for the moist and mucoid colonies of *K. pneumoniae*?
Capsule
121
The colonies of *K. pneumoniae* are mucoid and tend to ____.
string
122
The colonies of ____ are mucoid and tend to "string".
*Klebsiella pneumoniae*
123
____ is also known as Friedlander's Bacillus.
*Klebsiella pneumoniae*
124
*Klebsiella pneumoniae* is also known as ______.
Friedlander's Bacillus
125
____ causes pneumonia that is very necrotic and hemorrhagic.
*Klebsiella pneumoniae*
126
*Klebsiella pneumoniae* causes _____.
Pneumonia (necrotic and hemorrhagic)
127
"Currant jelly-like sputum" is associated with ______.
*Klebsiella pneumoniae*
128
____ is the only *Klebsiella* sp. that is Indole (+).
*Klebsiella oxytoca*
129
Which *Klebsiella* sp. is Ornithine (+)?
*Klebsiella oxytoca*
130
# **Which Klebsiella sp.?**
____ is isolated from stool and blood cultures.
*Klebsiella oxytoca*
131
*Klebsiella oxytoca* is isolated from _______.
stool and blood cultures
132
____ is associated with antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis.
*Klebsiella oxytoca*
133
*Klebsiella oxytoca* is associated with ______.
antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis
134
____ is highly associated with the presence of plasmid-mediated ESBLs.
*Klebsiella pneumoniae* subsp. *ozaenae*
135
*Klebsiella pneumoniae* subsp. *ozaenae* is highly associated with ______.
Plasmid-mediated ESBLs
136
# **Which Klebsiella sp.?**
____ is isolated from nasal secretions and cerebral abscesses.
*Klebsiella pneumoniae* subsp. *ozaenae*
137
*Klebsiella pneumoniae* subsp. *ozaenae* is isolated from _____.
nasal secretions and cerebral abscesses
138
____ has been isolated from patients with Rhinoscleroma.
*Klebsiella pneumoniae* subsp. *rhinoscleromatis*
139
*Klebsiella pneumoniae* subsp. *rhinoscleromatis* is the causative agent of _______.
Rhinoscleroma
140
____ is an infection of the nasal cavity, characterized by an intense swelling and malformation of the entire face and neck.
Rhinoscleroma
141
____ is Indole and Ornithine decarboxylase (+).
*Raoultella (Klebsiella) ornithinolytica*
142
____ have been isolated from urine, respiratory tract, and blood of humans.
*Raoultella (Klebsiella) planticola*
143
____ have been isolated from primarily sterile sites.
*Klebsiella variicola*
144
____ is previously known as *Calymmatobacterium granulomatis*
*Klebsiella granulomatis*
145
*Klebsiella granulomatis* is previously known as ______.
*Calymmatobacterium granulomatis*
146
____ is a granuloma inguinale.
*Klebsiella granulomatis*
147
____ causes a sexually-transmitted disease.
*Klebsiella granulomatis*
148
IMVC reaction of *Enterobacter*, *Chronobacter* and *Pantoea*
* Indole (-)
* Methyl red (-)
* Voges-Proskauer (+)
* Citrate (+)
149
*Enterobacter*, *Chronobacter*, and *Pantoea* resemble ____ when growing on MAC agar.
*Klebsiella*
150
*Enterobacter*, *Citrobacter*, and *Pantoea* grow on ______.
Simmons Citrate and Potassium Cyanide Broth
151
Ornithine decarboxylase reaction of *Enterobacter*, *Chronobacter*, and *Pantoea*
Positive (+)
152
Which *Enterobacter* sp. is Lactose (-)?
*Enterobacter taylorae*
153
Which *Enterobacter* sp. is ONPG (+)?
*Enterobacter taylorae*
154
____ resembles *Enterobacter aerogenes*
*Enterobacter gergoviae*
155
*Enterobacter gergoviae* resembles ______.
*Enterobacter aerogenes*
156
Which *Enterobacter* sp. is a rapid urease producer (RUP)?
*Enterobacter gergoviae*
157
____ causes infection of the urinary tract and blood.
*Enterobacter gergoviae*
158
*Enterobacter gergoviae* causes infection of the ______.
urinary tract and blood
159
____ is biochemically similar to *Enterobacter cloacae*
*Chronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii*
160
*Chronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii* is biochemically similar to _____.
*Enterobacter cloacae*
161
Which *Enterobacter* sp. typically produces a yellow pigment?
*Chronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii*
162
____ is a pathogen in neonates.
*Chronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii*
163
*Chronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii* causes _______ in neonates.
meningitis and bacteremia
| **From powdered infant formula**
164
* Lysine (-), Ornithine (-), Arginine (-) or Triple Decarboxylases (-)
* Indole (+), Mannitol (-), Raffinose (-), Salicin (-), Sucrose (-), Maltose (-), and Xylose (-)
*Pantoea (Enterobacter) agglomerans*
165
IMVC reaction of *Serratia* spp.
* Indole (-)
* Methyl red (v)
* Voges-Proskauer (+)
* Citrate (+)
166
*Serratia* spp. are ____ pathogens.
opportunistic
167
____ are associated with outbreaks in health care settings.
*Serratia* spp.
168
*Serratia* spp. are associated with _____.
Outbreaks in healthcare settings
169
Which member of the Enterobacteriaceae Family is ONPG (+)?
* *Serratia* spp.
* *Hafnia* spp.
170
*Serratia* spp. are ONPG (+), except ____.
*Serratia fonticola*
171
____ produce extracellular DNAse.
*Serratia* spp.
172
Most of *Serratia* spp. are classified as ______.
non-pigmented
173
These organisms produce a characteristic, pink-to-red pigment called Prodigiosin, especially when the cultures are incubated at room temperature.
* *Serratia marcescens*
* *Serratia rubidaea*
* *Serratia plymuthica*
174
Some *Serratia* spp. produce the pink-to-red pigment called _____.
Prodigiosin
175
____ is characterized by its dirty, mousy odor resembling that of rotten potatoes.
*Serratia odorifera*
176
The odor of *Serratia odorifera* resembles ______.
rotten potatoes
177
*Serratia odorifera* has ____ biogroups.
2
178
# **Which *Serratia odorifera* Biogroup?**
Isolated from respiratory tract
*Serratia odorifera* biogroup 1
179
# **Which *Serratia odorifera* Biogroup?**
Isolated from blood and CSF
*Serratia odorifera* biogroup 2
180
# **Which *Serratia odorifera* Biogroup?**
(+) for Sucrose, Raffinose, and Ornithine
*Serratia odorifera* biogroup 1
181
# **Which *Serratia odorifera* Biogroup?**
(-) for Sucrose, Raffinose, and Ornithine
*Serratia odorifera* biogroup 2
182
# **Which *Serratia odorifera* Biogroup?**
60% of its strains are Indole (+)
*Serratia odorifera* biogroup 1
183
# **Which *Serratia odorifera* Biogroup?**
50% of its strains are Indole (+)
*Serratia odorifera* biogroup 2
184
____ is similar to *Serratia marcescens*.
*Serratia liquefaciens*
185
How is *Serratia liquefaciens* different from *Serratia marcescens*?
*S. liquefaciens* is able to ferment arabinose
186
Which *Serratia* sp. is able to ferment arabinose?
*Serratia liquefaciens*
187
IMVC reaction of *Hafnia* spp.
* Indole (-)
* Methyl red (v)
* Voges-Proskauer (+)
* Citrate (-)
188
____ has been linked to gastroenteritis.
*Hafnia* spp.
189
*Hafnia* spp. has been linked to _____.
Gastroenteritis
190
*Hafnia* spp. have been isolated from _____.
stool cultures
191
Ornithine decarboxylase reaction of *Hafnia* spp.
Positive (+)
192
*Hafnia alvei* is formerly known as _____.
*Enterobacter alvei*
193
____ was formerly known as *Enterobacter alvei*
*Hafnia alvei*
194
*Hafnia alvei* resembles ______.
*Enterobacter* spp.
195
How is *Hafnia alvei* different from *Enterobacter*?
* Late Lactose Fermenter
* Citrate (-)
196
How is *Hafnia alvei* different from *Serratia*?
* DNAse (-)
* Lipase (-)
* Gelatinase (-)
197
____ has a "chocolate cake" or "burnt chocolate" smell.
*Proteus* spp.
198
Describe the odor of *Proteus* spp.
Chocolate cake or Burnt chocolate
199
____ is the source of antigen for the Weil-Felix reaction.
*Proteus* spp.
200
*Proteus* spp. is the source of antigen for the ______.
Weil-Felix Reaction
201
A serologic test for the diagnosis of *Rickettsial* diseases.
Weil-Felix Reaction
202
____ is the source of OX2 and OX19 antigen.
*Proteus vulgaris*
203
*Proteus vulgaris* is the source of ____.
OX2 and OX19 antigen
204
____ is the source of OXK antigen.
*Proteus mirabilis*
205
*Proteus mirabilis* is the source of ____.
OXK antigen
206
____ is also known as the Kingsbury Strain.
OXK antigen
207
OXK antigen is also known as the _____.
Kingsbury Strain
208
____ is characterized by its swarming motility.
*Proteus* spp.
209
*Proteus* spp. exhibit ____ motility.
swarming
210
Which *Proteus* sp. is Indole (-) and Ornithine (+)?
*Proteus mirabilis*
211
Which *Proteus* sp. is Indole (+) and Ornithine (-)?
*Proteus vulgaris*
212
____ frequently causes nosocomial infections, UTIs, and wound infections.
*Morganella* spp.
213
____ is the cause of UTI and neonatal sepsis.
*Morganella morganii*
214
Indole reaction of *Morganella* spp.
Positive (+)
215
Methyl red reaction of *Morganella* spp.
Positive (+)
216
Urease reaction of *Morganella* spp.
Positive (+)
217
Ornithine decarboxylase reaction of *Morganella* spp.
Positive (+)
218
____ causes urinary tract infections and some are resistant to antimicrobial therapy.
*Providencia* spp.
219
Phenylalanine deaminase reaction of *Morganella* spp.
Positive (+)
220
Which carbohydrate/s do *Providencia* spp. ferment?
* Mannose
* Citrate
221
* Pathogen of urinary tract
* Causes occasional outbreaks in healthcare settings
* Causes diarrheal disease among travelers
*Providencia rettgeri*
222
* Causes outbreaks in burn units
* Isolated from urine cultures
*Providencia stuartii*
223
____ is most commonly found in the feces of children with diarrhea.
*Providencia alcalifaciens*
224
Which *Providencia* sp. is rarely isolated?
*Providencia rustigianii*
225
Which *Providencia* sp. is yet to be isolated from any clinical specimens?
*Providencia heimbachae*
226
Indole reaction of *Edwardsiella* spp.
Positive (+)
227
Do *Edwardsiella* spp. grow on Simmons Citrate?
No
228
____ is associated with water-harboring fish or turtle.
*Edwardsiella* spp.
229
____ causes ICP patients to develop serious wound infections.
*Edwardsiella* spp.
230
* Opportunist
* Causes bacteremia and wound infections
*Edwardsiella tarda*
231
____ is isolated from birds, snakes, and water.
*Edwardsiella hoshinae*
232
____ causes enteric septicemia in fish.
*Edwardsiella ictaluri*
233
____ produces colonies on MAC that resemble those of *E. coli*
*Citrobacter* spp.
234
*Citrobacter* spp. produce colonies on MAC agar that resemble ______.
*E. coli*
235
*Citrobacter* spp. grow on ______.
Simmons Citrate Medium
236
Methyl red reaction of *Citrobacter* spp.
Positive (+)
237
The colony of ____ is mistaken for *Salmonella* when isolated from stool cultures.
*Citrobacter freundii*
238
The colony of *Citrobacter freundii* is mistaken for ______.
*Salmonella*
239
* H2S (+) and some strains (50%) fail to ferment lactose
* Colony morphology mistaken for *Salmonella*
* Urease (+), but all fail to decarboxylate lysine
*Citrobacter freundii*
240
____ is the cause of nursery outbreaks of neonatal meningitis and brain abscesses.
*Citrobacter koseri*
241
* A rare human pathogen
* Associated with community-acquired infections including septicemia in a patient with cervical cancer.
*Citrobacter braaki*
242
____ is formerly in the family *Vibrionaceae*.
*Plesiomonas* spp.
243
____ is the only Oxidase (+) member of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
*Plesiomonas* spp.
244
____ does not have the ability to produce gas from glucose.
*Plesiomonas* spp.
245
____ is susceptible to Vibriostatic Agent O/129.
*Plesiomonas* spp.
246
____ is the most common cause of Watery or Secretory Diarrhea.
*Plesiomonas shigelloides*
247
*Plesiomonas shigelloides* is the most common cause of _____.
Watery or Secretory Diarrhea
248
A subacute or chronic disease that lasts from 14 days to 2-3 months.
Watery or Secretory Diarrhea
249
____ produces an infection that is more invasive, dysenteric form that resembles colitis.
*Plesiomonas shigelloides*
250
Colonial appearance of *Salmonella* spp. in selective and differential media
Clear, colorless, non-lactose fermenting
251
Indole reaction of *Salmonella* spp.
Negative (-)
252
Voges-Proskauer test reaction of *Salmonella* spp.
Negative (-)
253
Phenylalanine deaminase reaction of *Salmonella* spp.
Negative (-)
254
Urease reaction of *Salmonella* spp.
Negative (-)
255
____ do not grow in medium containing potassium cyanide.
*Salmonella* spp.
256
6 subspecies of *Salmonella enterica*
* *Salmonella enterica* subsp. *enterica*
* *Salmonella enterica* subsp. *salamae*
* *Salmonella enterica* subsp. *arizonae*
* *Salmonella enterica* subsp. *diarizonae*
* *Salmonella enterica* subsp. *houtenae*
* *Salmonella enterica* subsp. *indica*
257
*Salmonella enterica* subsp. I
*Salmonella enterica* subsp. *enterica*
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*Salmonella enterica* subsp. II
*Salmonella enterica* subsp. *salamae*
259
*Salmonella enterica* subsp. IIIa
*Salmonella enterica* subsp. *arizonae*
260
*Salmonella enterica* subsp. IIIb
*Salmonella enterica* subsp. *diarizonae*
261
*Salmonella enterica* subsp. IV
*Salmonella enterica* subsp. *houtenae*
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*Salmonella enterica* subsp. V
*Salmonella enterica* subsp. *indica*
263
Virulence factor of *Salmonella* spp.
* Fimbriae
* Enterotoxin
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How is fimbriae a virulence factor of *Salmonella* spp.?
It adheres to mucosa and initiate intestinal infections
265
Antigenic structures of *Salmonella* spp.
* Somatic (O) Antigen
* Flagellar (H) Antigen
* Capsular (K) Antigen = Vi antigen
266
Clinical infections associated with *Salmonella* spp.
* Acute gastroenteritis or Food poisoning
* Typhoid fever
* Enteric fever
* Carrier state following Salmonella infection
267
____ is the most severe form of enteric fever.
Typhoid fever
268
Typhoid fever is caused by _____.
*Salmonella* serotype *typhi*
269
____ is the Japanese Microbiologist who first isolated *Shigella* spp.
Kiyoshi Shiga
270
____ do not produce gas from glucose.
*Shigella* spp.
271
*Shigella* spp. do not produce gas from glucose EXCEPT _____.
*Shigella flexneri*
272
____ do not use acetate or mutate as a source of carbon.
*Shigella* spp.
273
*Shigella* spp. do not use ____ or ____ as a source of carbon.
acetate or mucate
274
Which *Shigella* spp. is able to:
* Decarboxylate ornithine
* Late lactose fermenter (LLF)
* ONPG (+)
*Shigella sonnei*
275
____ causes enteric disease (bacillary dysentery).
*Shigella dysenteriae*
276
Clinical infections associated with *Shigella* spp.
Shigellosis/Bacillary Dysentery
277
Stages of shigellosis/bacillary dysentery
* Early stage
* Diarrheic stage
* Dysenteric phase
278
Incubation period of shigellosis/bacillary dysentery
1-7 days
279
Early Stage of Shigellosis/Bacillary Dysentery
* Incubation period of 1-7 days
* Fever, abdominal cramps and pain, diarrhea
280
# **Which stage of Shigellosis/Bacillary dysentery?**
* Incubation period of 1-7 days
* Fever, abdominal cramps and pain, diarrhea
Early Stage
281
Diarrheic Stage of Shigellosis/Bacillary Dysentery
Watery diarrhea for 3 days
282
# **Which stage of Shigellosis/Bacillary dysentery?**
Watery diarrhea for 3 days
Diarrheic Stage
283
Dysenteric Phase of Shigellosis/Bacillary Dysentery
* Frequent stools with blood, pus, and mucus
* Bacteria had invaded the lining of GIT
284
# **Which stage of Shigellosis/Bacillary dysentery?**
* Frequent stools with blood, pus, and mucus
* Bacteria had invaded the lining of GIT
Dysenteric Phase
285
Which *Shigella* sp. does not ferment mannitol?
*Shigella dysenteriae*
286
Which *Shigella* sp. is ONPG (-)?
*Shigella flexneri*
287
________ are short, pleomorphic, gram negative rods that often exhibit bipolar staining.
*Yersinia* spp.
288
*Yersinia* spp. exhibits a bipolar stain using _______.
Methylene blue or WAYSON stain
289
Aerotolerance of *Yersinia* spp.
Microaerophilic or Facultative anaerobes
290
____ is the causative agent of the ancient disease Plague.
*Yersinia pestis*
291
*Yersinia pestis* is the causative agent of ______.
Plague
292
A disease of rodents that is transmitted to humans.
Plague
293
____ has a "safety-pin" appearance when stained with Methylene blue or WAYSON.
*Yersinia pestis*
294
*Yersinia pestis* has ____ appearance when stained with Methylene blue or WAYSON.
Safety-pin
295
Preferential growth temperature of *Yersinia pestis*
25 - 30 C
296
Three Forms of Plague
* Bubonic
* Septicemic
* Pneumonic
297
# **Which Form of Plague?**
The most common form of Plague
Bubonic Plague
298
# **Which Form of Plague?**
It results from the bite of an infected flea
Bubonic Plague
299
# **Which Form of Plague?**
Symptoms appear 2 to 5 days after infection
Bubonic Plague
300
# **Which Form of Plague?**
It is characterized by a high fever with painful regional lymph buboes (swollen lymph nodes) begin to appear.
Bubonic Plague
301
# **Which Form of Plague?**
It occurs when the bacteria spread to the bloodstream
Septicemic Plague
302
# **Which Form of Plague?**
It can be a primary infection if the bacteria are inhaled
Pneumonic Plague
303
______ are zoonotic food-borne pathogens.
*Yersinia enterocolitica* and *Yersinia pseudotuberculosis*
304
*Yersinia enterocolitica* can grow on _____.
SBA and MAC
305
Optimal growth temperature of *Yersinia enterocolitica*
25 - 30 C
306
*Yersinia enterocolitica* are motile at _____.
25 C
307
Which *Yersinia* sp. is able to produce a heat-stable enterotoxin?
*Yersinia enterocolitica*
308
Which *Yersinia* sp. is able to survive in cold temperatures?
*Yersinia enterocolitica*
309
Infections associated with *Yersinia enterocolitica*
* Acute enteritis
* Apendicitis-like syndrome
* Arthritis
* Erythema nodosum
310
____ is the most common form of *Yersinia enterocolitica* infection.
Acute enteritis
311
____ is the inflammation of fat cells under the skin; red nodules or lumps.
Erythema nodosum
312
Culture media for *Yersinia enterocolitica*
* Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN) Agar
* Yersinia-Selective Agar (YSA) Base
313
____ is a selective medium to detect the presence of *Yersinia enterocolitica*.
Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN) Agar
314
Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN) Agar is a ____ media.
selective
315
What are the inhibitors present in CIN agar?
* Cefsulodin
* Irgasan
* Novobiocin
* Bile salts
* Crystal violet
316
____ is a modification of CIN agar.
Yersinia-Selective Agar (YSA) Base
317
How is YSA Base modified?
By adding mannitol
318
Fermentation of mannitol in YSA Base is indicated by _____.
Red at the center of the colony and precipitation of blie
319
Non-fermentation of mannitol in YSA Base is indicated by _____.
Colorless, and transluscent colony
320
____ is a pathogen of rodents, particularly guinea pigs.
*Yersinia pseudotuberculosis*
321
____ is characterized by caseous swellings.
*Yersinia pseudotuberculosis*
322
*Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* is characterized by caseous swellings called _____.
Pseudotubercles
323
____ is motile at 18 - 22 C.
*Yersinia pseudotuberculosis*
324
*Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* is motile at ____.
18 - 22 C
325
Which member of the family Enterobacteriaceae is able to ferment rhamnose?
*Yersinia pseudotuberculosis*
326
*Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* can ferment _____.
rhamnose
327
____ is usually found in water, however, they occasionally occur in clinical specimens.
*Budivicia aquatica*
328
____ are isolated from human specimens, and are similar to both *Citrobacter* and *Kluyvera*.
*Butiauxella agrestis* and *Butiauxella noackiae*
329
*Butiauxella agrestis* and *Butiauxella noackiae* are similar to __________.
*Citrobacter* and *Kluyvera*
330
How are *Butiauxella agrestis* and *Butiauxella noackiae* different from *Citrobacter* and *Kluyvera*?
Through DNA hybridization
331
5 species of *Cedecea*
* *Cedecea davisae*
* *Cedecea lapagei*
* *Cedecea neteri*
* *Cedea* species type 3 and 5
332
____ is the most commonly isolated *Cedecea* species.
*Cedecea davisae*
333
Most *Cedecea* spp. have been recovered from _____.
sputum, blood, and wounds
334
The only species under *Ewingella* is ______.
*Ewingella americana*
335
____ came from human blood cultures or respiratory specimens and exhibit resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents.
*Ewingella*
336
Three closely related species of *Kluyvera*
* *Kluyvera ascorbata*
* *Kluyvera cryocrescens*
* *Kluyvera georgiana*
337
____ is the most commonly isolated species of *Kluyvera*.
*Kluyvera ascorbata*
338
Most strains of *Kluyvera* spp. are non-pigmented, but occasional isolates may produce a ____ pigment.
reddish-blue or violet
339
*Kluyvera* spp. resemble ____ growing on MAC agar.
*E. coli*
340
____ does not ferment glucose at 5 C.
*Kluyvera ascorbata*
341
*Kluyvera ascorbata* does not ferment _____.
glucose (at 5 C)
342
Which *Kluyvera* sp. ferments glucose?
*Kluyvera cryocrescens*
343
____ have a yellow pigment but only on initial isolation.
*Leclercia adecarboxylata*
344
____ has a similar IMVC reaction to *E. coli*
*Leclercia* spp.
345
Common species under *Leminorella* spp.
* *Leminorella grimontii*
* *Leminorella richardii*
346
____ produce H2S and have shown weak reactions with Salmonella antisera.
*Leminorella* spp.
347
____ is positive for Citrate, Methyl red, Lactose, and Sucrose.
*Moellerella wisconsensis*
348
____ is isolated from feces in two cases of diarrhea, infected gallbladders, and a bronchial aspirate.
*Moellerella wisconsensis*
349
____ are fastidious, slow growing organisms at 37 C and have not been found in human specimens.
*Obesumbacterium* spp.
350
Species under *Photorhabdus*
* *Photorhabdus luminescens*
* *Photorhabdus asymbiotica*
* *Photorhabdus temperate*
351
Natural habitat of *Photorhabdus* spp.
Lumen of entomopathogenic nematodes
352
____ reside in the lumen of entomopathogenic nematodes.
*Photorhabdus* spp.
353
____ is the name given to a group of water bacteria that are psychrotolerant.
*Rahnella aquatilis*
354
*Rahnella aquatilis* can grow at a temperature of ____.
4 C
355
____ resemble *E. agglomerans*
*Rahnella aquatilis*
356
*Rahnella aquatilis* resemble _____.
*E. agglomerans*
357
____ is isolated from vacuum-cleaner contents on the island of Guam when environmental indoor dirt samples were being collected.
*Trabulsiella*
358
____ is biochemically similar to *Hafnia*.
*Yokenella regensburgei*
359
*Yokenella regensburgei* is biochemically similar to _____.
*Hafnia*
360
____ show more biochemical reactions at 25 C than at 35 C.
*Tatumella ptyseos*
361
____ demonstrate a large 15- to 36-mm ZOI around penicillin disks.
*Tatumella ptyseos*
362
*Tatumella ptyseos* demonstrate a large ____ of ZOI around penicillin disks.
15- to 36-mm
363
____ are slow-growing, produce tiny colonies, and are relatively non-reactive in laboratory media.
*Tatumella ptyseos*
