Bacterial Morphology Flashcards
1
Q
Pappenheim Stain example
A
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis - red
- Mycobacterium lacticola -blue
2
Q
Colony Size:
Description: About the same size of a pinhead
A
Small
3
Q
Sodoku is a _________ infection.
A
rat bite
4
Q
Margin:
Description: Branched edge
A
Fringed or Filamentous
5
Q
Colony Odor: Mousy or Mouse nest
Bacteria:
A
Haemophilus spp.
6
Q
Colonial Characteristics According to Hemolytic Pattern
A
- Beta Hemolysis
- Alpha Hemolysis
- Gamma Hemolysis
- Alpha Prime Hemolysis
7
Q
Colony Height: Convex
Description:
A
Dome shaped
8
Q
Fontana-Tribondeau spirochetes stain color
A
Dark Brown or Black
9
Q
Colony Height: Flat
Description:
A
No visible elevation or height
10
Q
It is the causative agent of diphteria.
A
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
11
Q
An example of coccus in sarcina/e is ___________.
A
Micrococcus luteus
12
Q
Colony Size:
Description: Slightly larger than a pinhead
A
Medium
13
Q
It differentiates gram positive bacteria from gram negative bacteria.
A
Gram Staining
14
Q
Margin:
Description: Circular without interruptions
A
Smooth or Entire
15
Q
Colony Texture:
Description: Cauliflower appearance
A
Rough and Warty
16
Q
Colony Texture: Creamy butyrous
Description:
A
Butterlike
17
Q
The background of the bacteria in indirect staining is _________.
A
Stained
18
Q
Colony Density:
Description: Light shines through the colony
A
Transparent
19
Q
An anaerobic bacteria which is found as a normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
A
Fusobacterium spp.
20
Q
A bacteria that has a parallel shape is called ________.
A
Palisading
21
Q
According to Bailey and Scott, most bacteria has a size which ranges from ________ in length.
A
1 - 3 um
22
Q
How many hours is the standard incubation?
A
18-24
23
Q
Under K antigen, we have __________.
A
- Vi Antigen
- K1 Antigen
24
Q
It is the causative agent of tuberculosis.
A
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
25
India Ink or Nigrosin stain color
Black
26
Colony Texture: Brittle or Splinters
Description:
Crumbling Colony
27
WAYSON bipolar bodies stain color
Red
28
Colonial Characteristics According to Texture/Appearance
- Brittle or Splinters
- Creamy Butyrous
- Dry and Waxy
- Rough and Warty
- Mucoid
29
What is the purpose of Indirect Staining?
To identify medically important capsulated bacteria as well as strains of *Cryptococcus* spp.
30
Wirtz-Conklin spores stain color
Green
31
A helical or twisted bacteria.
Spiral
32
Stains for Bacterial Spores or Endospres
- Fulton-Schaeffer
- Dorner
- Wirtz-Conklin
33
It is when bacilli appears in various sizes, forms, and arrangement.
Pleomorphism
34
A type of staining which actually provides coloration to the background of the smear while rendering the bacteria and covering structure unstained.
Indirect/Negative/Relief Stain
35
The height of the colony is called ________.
Elevation
36
It is the causative agent of SODOKU.
*Spirillum* *minor/minus*
37
A club-shaped or barb-shaped arranged in palisade, fence stick, or cigarette packet. It also resembles X,Y,Z or Chinese characters.
Irregular bacilli
38
Margin: Rough or Rhizoid
Description:
Crenated edge
39
A cocci divided by two or more planes of division in an irregular pattern is called ________.
Cocci in Clusters (Staphylococci)
40
It contains two or more chromogens which further differentiates specific component within the bacterial cell.
Differential Stain
41
Colony Density:
Description: Light won't shine through the colony
Opaque
42
Margin:
Description: Lobulated edge
Lobate
43
Fulton-Schaeffer spores stain color
Green
44
Colony Odor: Corn tortilla/Fruity
Bacteria:
*Pseudomonas* *aeruginosa*
45
Which bacteria exhibits a gamma hemolytic pattern?
*Klebsiella* *pneumoniae* and *Enterococcus* *faecalis*
46
Hemolysis Type: Alpha Prime
Description:
Inner alpha hemolysis surrounded by an outer beta hemolysis
47
It is the causative agent of soft chancre or chancroid.
*Haemophilus* *ducreyi*
48
Colony Height:
Description: Raised or Bulging center
Umbonate (outie)
49
Colony Texture:
Description: Wet and Sticky
Mucoid
50
Stains for Chlamydia
- Gimenez
- Macchiavello
- Giemsa
51
*Neisseria* spp. is a kidney or coffee bean shape diplococci except _______.
*Neisseria* *weaveri* and *Neisseria* *elongata*
52
These are examples of a bacteria that is S or C shaped bacilli which sometimes resemble a seagull wing.
- *Campylobacter* spp.
- *Helicobacter* spp.
- *Arcobacter* spp.
53
The appearance of the edge of the colony is called __________.
Margin
54
Stain for Capsule
- HISS
- TYLER
- MUIR
- GIN
- WADSWORTH
- WELCH
55
Two cocci adjacent to one another is called ________.
Diplococci
56
What are the other stains for Acid Fast organisms?
- Pappenheim Stain
- Baumgarten Stain
57
__________ are helical, but rigid.
*Spirillum* spp.
58
What are the 3 stains used in indirect staining?
- India Ink or Nigrosin
- Congo Red
- Anthony
59
WELCH capsule stain color
Pale Violet
60
What do you call a bacillus in chains?
Streptobacillus/Streptobacilli
61
Hemolysis Type: Alpha
Description:
Greenish or brownish zone around the colony; incomplete/partial hemolysis
62
Colonial Characteristics According to Margin
- Smooth or Entire
- Undulate
- Rough or Rhizoid
- Lobate
- Fringed or Filamentous
- Fingerlike
- Irregular
63
Colony Height:
Description: Depressed or Concave center
Umbilicate (innie)
64
Stains for Rickettsia
- Castaneda
- Macchiavello
- Giemsa
65
An example of cocci in clusters are ___________.
*Staphylococcus* spp.
66
_________ has a mucoid texture.
*Streptococcus* *pneumoniae*
67
It is the causative agent of leptospirosis.
*Leptospira* *interrogans*
68
Lindegren granule stain color
Reddish-Brown
69
The resulting arrangement of cocci depends on the ___________.
Plane of Division
70
What are the 4 Categories of Staining?
1. Direct/Simple Stain
2. Differential Stain
3. Selective/Special Stain
4. Indirect/Negative/Relief Stain
71
An example of a bacteria that is large, square cut-ends, spore forming bacillus in chains is ___________.
*Bacillus* *anthracis*
72
All diplococci are adjacent to each other except the:
*Neisseria* spp.
73
_________ has a rough and warty texture.
*Mycobacterium* *tuberculosis*
74
Albert granule stain color
Blue-black
75
Macchiavello (chlamydia) stain color
Red
76
According to Bailey and Scott, most bacteria has a size which ranges from ________ in width.
0.25 - 1 um
77
Colony Color: Lime Yellow
Bacteria:
*Micrococcus* *luteus*
78
This staining procedure separates almost all medically relevant bacteria into two general types.
Gram Staining
79
Ljubinsky granule stain color
Dark Violet
80
Margin: Fringed or Filamentous
Description:
Branchlike edge
81
These are coccus in packets of four.
Tetrads
82
An example of cocci in chains are __________.
*Streptococcus* spp.
83
Levaditi Silver Impregnation spirochetes stain color
Black
84
Burke's Technique
A modified gram staining technique
85
Giemsa (chlamydia) stain color
Purple
86
Hemolysis Type: Beta
Description:
Clear zone around the colony; complete hemolysis
87
Castaneda stain color
Blue
88
An example of a bacterium that is a spiral with two or more curves, and quite rigid is the __________.
*Spirillum* *minor/minus*
89
What is the ideal source of blood for agar?
5% sheep's blood
90
Hemolysis Type:
Description: Inner alpha hemolysis surrounded by outer beta hemolysis.
Alpha Prime
91
It is the largest bacterium known, which was found in ocean sediments.
*Thiomargarita namibiensis*
92
Margin: Smooth or Entire
Description:
Circular without interruptions
93
Colony Texture: Rough and Warty
Description:
Cauliflower appearance
94
Stain for Bipolar Bodies (*Yersinia* *pestis*)
WAYSON
95
The optical property to pass light through the bacterial colony.
Density
96
A cocci divided by three planes of division is called ________.
Sarcina/e
97
Giemsa (rickettsia) stain color
Blue
98
Congo Red stain color
Red
99
_________ has a creamy butyrous texture.
*Staphylococcus* spp.
100
An antigen associated with the capsule.
K
101
It uses fluorochrome dyes such as Auramine or Rhodamine which remains in the cell wall even after decolorization.
Fluorochrome Staining
102
An example of a bacteria that is slim, slender, threadlike bacillus, sometimes arranged in serpentine cord pattern in smear.
*Mycobacterium* *tuberculosis*
103
Colony Odor: Unwashed Stockings
Bacteria:
*Staphylococcus* spp.
104
Colony Size:
Description: Usually 6-8 mm in diameter
Large
105
Colony Texture:
Description: Crumbling colony
Brittle or Splinters
106
An example of a bacteria that is a loosely twisted spiral that resembles a stretched spiral is _________.
*Borrelia* spp.
107
Margin: Fingerlike
Description:
Uneven rounded projections
108
Which bacteria exhibits a beta hemolytic pattern?
*Staphylococcus* *aureus*
109
An example of coccus in tetrads is _________.
*Micrococcus* *tetragena*
110
According to Mahon, most bacteria has a size which ranges from ________.
0.4 - 2 um
111
Colony Color: Red
Bacteria:
*Serratia* *marcescens*
112
It is an important concept in flagellar stain which coats, swells, and precipitates the flagella enhancing its visualization.
Tannic Acid
113
Stains for Flagella
- Leifson
- Gray
- Silver
- Fisher-Conn
114
Colony Odor: Freshly plowed field
Bacteria:
*Nocardia* spp.
115
Colony Color: Blue Green
Bacteria:
*Pseudomonas* *aeruginosa*
116
Colony Height: Raised
Description:
Slight elevation
117
TYLER capsule stain color
Light Violet
118
It specifically highlight or emphasize certain bacterial cell structures or components.
Selective or Special Stain
119
Enumerate the Workflow in Bacterial identification
1. Specimen Collection
2. Direct Microscopic Examination
3. Culture
4. Bacterial Identification
5. Biochemical Test
6. AST
120
HISS capsule stain color
Pale Brown
121
Margin: Lobate
Description:
Lobulated edge
122
A cocci divided by one plane of division is called ________.
Diplococci or Diplococcus
123
Hemolysis Type: Gamma
Description:
No hemolysis around the colony
124
India Ink Negative Stain spirochetes stain color
Spirochetes unstained, background is black
125
Colony Size: Pinpoint
Description:
Colonies less than 1 mm
126
It usually contains one specific active chromogen in the stain.
Direct or Simple Stain
127
Colony Odor: Rancid Potato
Bacteria:
*Serratia* *odorifera*
128
Colony Size: Small
Description:
About the same size of a pinhead
129
It is the causative agent of anthrax.
*Bacillus* *anthracis*
130
An antigen that is found in *Escherichia coli*.
K1 Antigen
131
It is the causative agent of relapsing fever and lyme disease.
*Borrelia* spp.
132
Colony Odor: Ammonia like
Bacteria:
*Acinetobacter* spp.
133
What do you call a bacillus that are small, short, stout/plump?
Coccobacillus
134
Dienes mycoplasma stain color
Blue
135
Margin:
Description: Crenated edge
Rough or Rhizoid
136
Margin:
Description: Wavy edge
Undulate
137
Margin:
Description: Uneven rounded projections
Fingerlike
138
These are coccus in cubical packets of eight.
Sarcina/e
139
An example of a diplococcus is __________.
*Streptococcus* *pneumoniae*
140
Colony Size: Large
Description:
Usually 6-8 mm in diameter
141
_________ has a dry and waxy texture.
Diphtheroid
142
Hemolysis Type:
Description: No hemolysis around the colony
Gamma
143
Colony Size:
Description: Colonies less than 1 mm
Pinpoint
144
Loeffler's Alkaline Methylene Blue (LAMP) granule stain color
Red
145
*Streptococcus* *pneumoniae* is a _________ diplococci.
flame or lancet shaped
146
Colony Color: Violet
Bacteria:
*Chromobacterium* *violaceum*
147
What is the size of the largest bacterium known?
0.1 - 0.3 mm
148
Colony Texture:
Description: Sticky
Dry and Waxy
149
Hemolysis Type:
Description: Greenish or brownish zone around the colony; incomplete/partial hemolysis
Alpha
150
What is the purpose of Differential Staining?
To differentiate and group the bacteria
151
A cocci divided by two planes of division is called ________.
Tetrads
152
It is a kidney or coffee bean shaped diplococci.
*Neisseria* spp.
153
Colony Height: Umbonate (outie)
Description:
Raised or Bulging center
154
It differentiates acid-fast organisms from non acid-fast organisms.
Acid Fast Staining
155
An example of a bacteria that is a tightly twisted spiral resembling a cork screw is _____________.
*Treponema* *pallidum*
156
Dorner spores stain color
Red
157
An example of a curved or comma shaped bacilli is __________.
*Vibrio* spp.
158
__________ are helical, but more flexible.
Spirochetes
159
An example of a bacterium that is a tightly twisted spiral with one or both ends bent into a hook, resembling a question mark is __________.
*Leptospira* *interrogans*
160
Colony Height: Umbilicate (innie)
Description:
Depressed or Concaved center
161
Colony Height:
Description: Dome shaped
Convex
162
What do you call a bacillus in pair?
Diplobacillus/Diplobacilli
163
Stain for Mycoplasma
Dienes
164
In differential staining technique, it includes a ________ step which is the most critical step.
Decolorization
165
It is the causative agent of venereal syphilis.
*Treponema* *pallidum*
166
What is the purpose of Simple Staining?
To enhance the appreciation of bacterial morphology.
167
Hemolysis Type:
Description: Clear zone around the colony; complete hemolysis
Beta
168
An example of a bacteria that is large, rounded-ends, non-spore forming bacillus arranged in chains is ____________.
*Fusobacterium* spp.
169
Baumgarten stain uses ___________ as a decolorizer.
Rosolic Acid
170
An antigen associated with the flagella.
H
171
An example of a bacteria that is small and short bacillus arranged in school of fish, railroad track, and fingerprint pattern in a smear is ___________.
*Haemophilus* *ducreyi*
172
An example of an irregular bacilli is _________.
*Corynebacterium* *diphtheriae*
173
A cocci divided continuously by one plane of division is called ________.
Cocci in Chains (Streptococci)
174
Colony Size: Medium
Description:
Slightly larger than a pinhead
175
Baumgarten Stain example
- *Mycobacterium* *tuberculosis*: blue
- *Mycobacterium* *leprae*: red
176
WADSWORTH capsule stain color
Capsule is pink, bacteria is blue
177
Stains for Spirochetes
- Fontana-Tribondeau
- Levaditi Silver Impregnation
- India Ink Negative Stain
178
Give examples of branching or filamentous bacilli
- *Nocardia* spp.
- *Actinomyces* spp.
- *Actinomycetes* spp.
179
The commonly used simple stains are __________.
- Crystal Violet
- Gentian Violet
- Methylene Blue
- Malachite Green
180
The bacteria and structure of the bacteria in indirect staining is __________.
Unstained
181
It is the process of examining the colonial characteristics of the bacterial colonies that grew in each culture media.
Plate Reading
182
Colony Texture: Mucoid
Description:
Wet and sticky
183
Stain for Cell Wall
Victoria Blue Dye
184
Margin: Undulate
Description:
Wavy edge
185
A bacteria with pointed end is called _________.
Fusiform
186
Gimenez stain color
Red
187
What are the sources of blood in an agar?
- 5% sheep's blood
- Horse blood
- Human blood
188
Macchiavello (rickettsia) stain color
Red
189
Which bacteria exhibits an alpha hemolytic pattern?
*Streptococcus* *pneumoniae*
190
Colonial Characteristics According to Elevation
- Flat
- Raised
- Convex
- Umbilicate (innie)
- Umbonate (outie)
191
An antigen associated with the cell wall.
O
192
What is the purpose of a Special Stain?
For the presumptive identification of the bacteria
193
_________ has a brittle or splinter appearance.
*Nocardia* spp.
194
Colony Texture: Dry and Waxy
Description:
Sticky
195
Colonial Characteristics According to Size
- Pinpoint
- Small
- Medium
- Large
196
Colony Texture:
Description: Butterlike
Creamy butyrous
197
An ovoid-shaped bacteria is called _________.
Coccobacilli
198
A cylindrical, rod-shaped, and elongated bacteria is called _________.
Bacilli
199
Victoria Blue Dye stains the cell wall ________.
Blue
200
MUIR capsule stain color
Light Blue
201
Colony Density:
Description: Light will shine through the colony
Translucent
202
Stains for Metachromatic Granules/Babes Ernst Bodies/Volutin
- Loeffler's Alkaline Methylene Blue (LAMB)
- Albert
- Neisser
- Lindegren
- Burke's Technique
- Ljubinsky
203
A circular or spherical-shaped bacteria is called _________.
Cocci
204
Colony Color: Golden Yellow
Bacteria:
*Staphylococcus* *aureus*
205
In specimen collection, where do we get our source?
from the site of infection
206
Margin:
Description: Uneven length of projection with no definite shape
Irregular
207
It is the bacteria's ability to lyse RBCs in the culture media.
Hemolytic Pattern
208
Neisser granule stain color
Dark Blue
209
Anthony stain color
Purple
210
It imparts an artificial coloration not only to the bacteria but for other components as well, for us to visualize them better using the microscope.
Staining
211
Margin: Irregular
Description:
Uneven length of projections with no definite shape
212
GIN capsule stain color
Capsule is unstained, but the bacteria will be stained with its margins delineated by ink.
213
Colony Height:
Description: No visible elevation or height
Flat
214
Colony Height:
Description: Slight elevation
Raised
215
It is associated with the specific capsular antigen of *Salmonella enterica serovar typhi*.
Vi Antigen
216
Gram Negative Diplococci
*Neisseria* spp.
217
Gram Positive Diplococci
*Streptococcus pneumoniae*
