Non-Fermenting And Miscellanous Gram Negative Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters acidify Oxidation-Fermentation (OF) medium.

A

False

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2
Q

Which medium is used for oxidation-fermentation reactions for non-fermenters?

A

Hugh-Leifson Medium

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters will fail to acidify ONLY the tube which contains mineral oil in an OF reaction.

A

False

They will fail to acidify BOTH tubes

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters faily to acidify Triple Iron Sugar Agar (TSIA).

A

True

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5
Q

A test that is used for carbohydrate utilization, wherein the tube contains a slanted and butt portion.

A

Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA)

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6
Q

The Slanted portion in TSIA is used for __________.

A

Lactose and Sucrose Fermentation

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7
Q

The Butt portion in TSIA is used for __________.

A

Glucose Fermentation

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8
Q

What is the result when non-fermenters reacted in TSIA?

A

None

The medium will remain red (alkaline)

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9
Q

Non-fermenters grow in ________ environment.

A

an aerobic

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
All non-fermenters are non-oxidizers or asaccharolytic.

A

False

Some members oxidize carbohydrates (oxiders)

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters are oxidase (+)

A

True

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12
Q

The ONLY non-fermenter that is NON-MOTILE.

A

Burkholderia mallei

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters are MOTILE

A

True

Except for B. mallei

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14
Q

Optimum temperature range of Non-fermenters.

A

30-37 C

They are mesophilic

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters are thermophilic.

A

False

Mesophilic

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16
Q

________ is the only species that is MacConkey Negative (-).

A

Acidovorax facilis

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17
Q

________ are Catalase Positive (+).

A

Pseudomonas spp.

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Generally, non-fermenters prefer a moist environment.

A

True

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters have an oxidase-positive reaction, and they all exhibit a strong reaction.

A

False

Their reaction can be weak and variable.

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20
Q

Non-fermenters exhibit non-reactivity in ____ hours in commercial kit systems used for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae.

A

24

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21
Q

Non-fermenters exhibit non-reactivity in 24 hours in commercial kit systems used for the identification of ____________.

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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22
Q

Non-fermenters are resistant to a variety of antimicrobial agents such as ________.

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Cephalosporin
  • Penicillin
  • Fluoroquinolones
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23
Q

New Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans

A

Old Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans var. xylosoxidans

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24
Q

Old Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans var. xylosoxidans

A

New Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans

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25
**New Name:** *Achromobacter denitrificans*
**Old Name:** *Achromobacter xylosoxidans* var. *denitificans*
26
**Old Name:** *Achromobacter xylosoxidans* var. *denitrificans*
**New Name:** *Achromobacter denitrificans*
27
**New Name:** *Bergeyella zoohelcum*
**Old Name:** *Weeksella zoohelcum*
28
**Old Name:** *Weeksella zoohelcum*
**New Name:** *Bergeyella zoohelcum*
29
**New Name:** *Brevundimonas diminuta*
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas diminuta*
30
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas diminuta*
**New Name:** *Brevundimonas diminuta*
31
**New Name:** *Burkholderia mallei*
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas mallei*
32
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas mallei*
**New Name:** *Burkholderia mallei*
33
**New Name:** *Chryseobacterium gleum*
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium gleum*
34
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium gleum*
**New Name:** *Chryseobacterium gleum*
35
**New Name:** *Chryseobacterium indologenes*
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium indologenes*
36
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium indologenes*
**New Name:** *Chryseobacterium indologenes*
37
**New Name:** *Cupriavidus pauculus*
**Old Name:** *Ralstonia pauculus*
38
**Old Name:** *Ralstonia pauculus*
**New Name:** *Cupriavidus pauculus*
39
**New Name:** *Cupriavidus gilardi*
**Old Name:** *Ralstonia gilardi*
40
**Old Name:** *Ralstonia gilardi*
**New Name:** *Cupriavidus gilardi*
41
**New Name:** *Delftia acidovorans*
**Old Name:** *Comomonas acidovorans*
42
**Old Name:** *Comomonas acidovorans*
**New Name:** *Delftia acidovorans*
43
**New Name:** *Elizabethkingia meningoseptica*
**Old Name:** *Chryseobacterium meningoseptium*
44
**Old Name:** *Chryseobacterium meningoseptium*
**New Name:** *Elizabethkingia meningoseptica*
45
**New Name:** *Empedobacter brevis*
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium brevis*
46
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium brevis*
**New Name:** *Empedobacter brevis*
47
**New Name:** *Methylobacterium mesophilicum*
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas mesophilica*
48
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas mesophilica*
**New Name:** *Methylobacterium mesophilicum*
49
**New Name:** *Myroides odoratus*
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium odoratum*
50
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium odoratum*
**New Name:** *Myroides odoratus*
51
**New Name:** *Neisseria animaloris*
**Old Name:** CDC Group EF-4a
52
**Old Name:** CDC Group EF-4a
**New Name:** *Neisseria animaloris*
53
**New Name:** *Neisseria zoodegmatis*
**Old Name:** CDC Group EF-4b
54
**Old Name:** CDC Group EF-4b
**New Name:** *Neisseria zoodegmatis*
55
**New Name:** *Ochrobactrum anthropi*
**Old Name:** *Achromobacter* biovar. 1,2 or Vd-1
56
**Old Name:** *Achromobacter* biovar. 1,2 or Vd-1
**New Name:** *Ochrobactrum anthropi*
57
**New Name:** *Pandoraea* spp.
**Old Name:** CDC WO-2
58
**Old Name:** CDC WO-2
**New Name:** *Pandoraea* spp.
59
**New Name:** *Paracoccus yeei*
**Old Name:** CDC Group EO-2
60
**Old Name:** CDC Group EO-2
**New Name:** *Paracoccus yeei*
61
**New Name:** *Pseudomonas luteola*
**Old Name:** *Chryseomonas luteola*
62
**Old Name:** *Chryseomonas luteola*
**New Name:** *Pseudomonas luteola*
63
**New Name:** *Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus*
**Old Name:** *Moraxella phenylpyruvica*
64
# [](http://) **Old Name:** *Moraxella phenylpyruvica*
**New Name:** *Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus*
65
**New Name:** *Ralstonia mannitolilytica*
**Old Name:** *Ralstonia pickettii* biovar. 3/"*thomasii*"
66
**Old Name:** *Ralstonia pickettii* biovar. 3/"*thomasii*"
**New Name:** *Ralstonia mannitolilytica*
67
**New Name:** *Ralstonia pickettii*
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas pickettii*
68
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas pickettii*
**New Name:** *Ralstonia picketti*
69
**New Name:** *Rhizobium radiobacter*
**Old Name:** *Agrobacterium radiobacter*
70
**Old Name:** *Agrobacterium radiobacter*
**New Name:** *Rhizobium radiobacter*
71
**New Name:** *Sphingobacterium multivorum*
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium multivorum*
72
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium multivorum*
**New Name:** *Sphingobacterium multivorum*
73
**New Name:** *Sphingobacterium mizutaii*
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium mizutaii*
74
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium mizutaii*
**New Name:** *Sphingobacterium mizutaii*
75
**New Name:** *Sphingobacterium spiritivorum*
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium spiritivorum*
76
**Old Name:** *Flavobacterium spiritivorum*
**New Name:** *Sphingobacterium spiritivorum*
77
**New Name:** *Sphingomonas paucimobilis*
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas paucimobilis* and CDC group II-k1
78
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas paucimobilis* and CDC group IIk-1
**New Name:** *Sphingomonas paucimobilis*
79
**New Name:** *Acidovorax delafieldii*
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas delafieldii*
80
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas delafieldii*
**New Name:** *Acidovorax delafieldii*
81
**New Name:** *Acidovorax facilis*
**Old Name:** -
82
**New Name:** *Acidovorax temperans*
**Old Name:** -
83
**New Name:** *Brevundimonas vesicularis*
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas vesicularis*
84
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas vesicularis*
**New Name:** *Brevundinmonas vesicularis*
85
**New Name:** *Burkholderia cepacia complex*
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas cepacia*
86
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas cepacia*
**New Name:** *Burkholderia cepacia complex*
87
**New Name:** *Burkholderia pseudomallei*
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas pseudomallei*
88
**Old Name:** *Pseudomonas pseudomallei*
**New Name:** *Burkholderia pseudomallei*
89
**New Name:** *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
**Old Name:** -
90
**New Name:** *Pseudomonas fluorescens*
**Old Name:** -
91
**New Name:** *Pseudomonas mendocina*
**Old Name:** -
92
**New Name:** *Pseudomonas moteilii*
**Old Name:** -
93
**New Name:** *Pseudomonas stutzeri*
**Old Name:** -
94
**New Name:** *Pseudomonas veronii*
**Old Name:** -
95
**New Name:** *Ralstonia insidiosa*
**Old Name:** CDC group IVc-2
96
These are weak-fermenters that exhibit **yellow pigmentation**.
* *Elizabethkingia* spp. * *Chryseobacterium* spp.
97
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Elizabethkingia* spp. and *Chryseobacterium* spp.
Yellow
98
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Sphingomonas paucimobilis*
Yellow
99
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Pseudomonas luteola*
Yellow
100
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Pseudomonas oryzihabitans*
Yellow
101
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Sphingobacterium* spp.
Yellow
102
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Pseudomonas stutzeri*
Yellow
103
A bacterium which exhibits a light-yellow pigmentation and wrinkled colonies.
*Pseudomonas stutzeri*
104
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Methylobacterium* spp.
Pink
105
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Roseomonas* spp.
Pink
106
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Acinetobacter* spp.
Purple (MacConkey Agar)
107
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
Blue-green
108
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Chromobacterium violaceum*
Violet
109
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*
Lavender to Lavender-green
110
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Pseudomonas stutzeri*
Tan (occassionally)
111
# **identifiy the color of the pigmentation** *Shewanella putrefaciens*
Tan (occassionally)
112
Non-fermenters with **wrinkled colonies**
* *Pseudomonas stutzeri* * *Pseudomonas oryzihabitans* * *Burkholderia pseudomallei*
113
Non-fermenters with **sweet odor**
* *Alcaligenes faecalis* * *Myroides odoratus* * *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* (grapes)
114
Non-fermenter with a grape-like odor
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
115
Non-fermenters with **popcorn odor**
* CDC Group EO-4 * *Neisseria zoodegmatis*
116
Non-fermenters that are **non-motile**
* *Acinetobacter* spp. * *Moraxella* spp. * *Chryseobacterium* spp. and *Elizabethkingia* spp. * *Sphingobacterium* spp. * *Oligella* spp.
117
A non-fermenter that is not motile, but may glide.
*Sphingobacterium* spp.
118
Non-fermenters that are **oxidase negative**
* *Acinetobacter* spp. * *Stenotrophomonas maltophilia* * *Pseudomonas luteola* * *Pseudomonas oryzihabitans* * *Pseudomonas cepacia*
119
Non-fermenters that are **H2S positive**
*Shewanella putrefaciens*
120
They are gram negative (-) bacilli or cocobacilli.
*Pseudomonas* spp.
121
*Pseudomonas* spp. have a strictly ________ metabolism.
aerobic
122
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *Pseudomonas* spp. are **MOTILE**
True
123
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *Pseudomonas* spp. are **oxidase-positive.**
True (but not all) | **Except:** *P. luteola*, *P. oryzihabitans*, *P. cepacia*
124
# ***Pseudomonas*** spp. **Test:** Oxidase **Result:**?
Positive (+)
125
Are *Pseudomonas* spp. **catalase positive**?
Yes
126
*Pseudomonas* spp. usually grow on ____ agar.
MAC
127
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *Pseudomonas* spp. are usually an oxidizer of carbohydrates.
True | But some species are asaccharolytic
128
They are capable of producing water-soluble pigments, such as yellow-green pigments and blue pigments.
*Pseudomonas* spp.
129
The **yellow-green** pigment produced by *Pseudomonas* spp. are called _________.
Pyoverdine
130
The **blue pigment** produced by *Pseudomonas* spp. are called _________.
Pyocyanin
131
The combination of the pigments pyocyanin and pyoverdine results to a ______ color.
Bright-green
132
*Pseudomonas* **fluorescent** group
* *P. aeruginosa* * *P. fluorescens* * *P. putida* * *P. monteilii* * *P. veronii* * *P. mosselii*
133
*Pseudomonas* **non-fluorescent** group
* *P. stutzeri* * *P. mendocina* * *P. alcaligenes* * *P. pseudoalcaligenes* * *P. luteola* * *P. oryzihabitans*
134
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* is non-motile and round-shaped.
False | **MOTILE and ROD-shaped**
135
What is the aerotolerance of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*?
Obligate Aerobe
136
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa* is capable of producing a ________ or ________ odor.
sweet or grape-like or corn taco-like
137
The odor produced by *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* is due to the presence of __________.
2-aminoacetophenone
138
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa* is capable of producing a non-fluorescent pigment called _________.
Pyocyanin
139
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa* is capable of producing a fluorescent pigment called _________.
Pyoverdine
140
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* is not capable of producing dark red and brown-black pigments.
False
141
The dark red pigment produced by *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* is called _______.
Pyorubin
142
The brown-black pigment produced by *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* is called _______.
Pyomelanin
143
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa* grows well at ________.
37 - 42 C
144
________ grows well at 37 - 42 C.
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
145
The growth of *P. aeruginosa* at 42 C _________.
helps them to be differentiated among other *Pseudomonas* spp. and fluorescent group.
146
The growth of *P. aeruginosa* at ____ helps them to be differentiated among other *Pseudomonas* spp. and fluorescent group.
42 C
147
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. aeruginosa* can ferment carbohydrates.
False
148
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. aeruginosa* is oxidase positive.
True
149
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. aeruginosa* can oxidize glucose.
True
150
________ is capable of denitrificating nitrates and nitrites.
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
151
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. aeruginosa* is Arginine dihydrolysis negative.
False | **ARGININE DIHYDROLYSIS POSITIVE**
152
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. aeruginosa* exhibits citrate negativity.
False | **CITRATE POSITIVITY**
153
________ is capable of acetamide utilization.
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
154
Which culture media is used for the identification of *P. aeruginosa*?
Cetrimide Agar
155
Which is the type of agar is cetrimide agar according to function?
Selective and Differential
156
The detergent inhibitor in cetrimide agar.
Cetrimide
157
Cetrimide is a _________.
detergent inhibitor
158
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** Lipopolysaccharide **Function:** ?
Antiphagocytic activity, cytoxicity
159
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** ? **Function:** Antiphagocytic activity, cytoxicity
Lipopolysaccharide
160
________ is a virulence factor which is responsible for many endotoxic properties.
Lipopolysaccharide
161
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** Pili **Function:** ?
Adhesion
162
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** ? **Function:** Adhesion
Pili
163
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** Flagella **Function:** ?
Motility, Adhesion
164
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** ? **Function:** Motility, Adhesion
Flagella
165
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** Type III Secretion System **Function:** ?
Cytotoxic Activity
166
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** ? **Function:** Cytotoxic Activity
Type III Secretion System
167
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** Phospholipases **Function:** ?
Cytotoxicity
168
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** ? **Function:** Cytotoxicity
Phospholipases
169
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** Proteases **Function:** ?
Cytotoxicity, Proteolytic Actvity
170
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** ? **Function:** Cytotoxicity, Proteolytic Activity
Proteases
171
The most important virulence factor of *P. aeruginosa*
Exotoxin A
172
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** Exotoxin A **Function:** ?
Cytotoxicity, Blocks protein synthesis
173
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** ? **Function:** Cytotoxicity, Blocks protein synthesis
Exotoxin A
174
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** Capsule **Function:** ?
Antiphagocytic Activity
175
# **Virulence Factors of *P. aeruginosa*** **Virulence Factor:** ? **Function:** Antiphagocytic Activity
Capsule
176
Wounds and burns contaminated by *P. aeruginosa* contains a ______ pus.
blue-green colored
177
It causes necrotizing pneumonia.
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
178
A chronic pneumonia
Cystic Fibrosis
179
Cystic fibrosis is caused by __________.
*P. aeruginosa*
180
It causes mild otitis externa in swimmers.
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
181
It causes invasive otitis externa in patients with diabetes.
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
182
It causes fatal sepsis in infants.
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
183
A clinical finding which has a presence of erythema or redness that usually does not contain pus.
Ecthyma Gangrenosum
184
Ecthyma gangrenosum is caused by ______.
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
185
A clinical finding acquired from poorly chlorinated hot tubs and swimming pools.
Folliculitis
186
Folliculitis is caused by _________.
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
187
Treatment of choice for *P. aeruginosa*
* Piperacillin and ticarcillin * 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime and cefepime) * Carbapenems (except ertapenem) * Fluoroquinolones
188
These can be isolated from respiratory specimens, contaminated blood products, urine, and other hospital equipment.
*Pseudomonas fluorescens* and *Pseudomonas putida*
189
*Pseudomonas fluorescens* and *Pseudomonas putida* can grow at ______.
4 C
190
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. fluorescens* and *P. putida* can reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas.
False
191
__________ cannot reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas.
*Pseudomonas fluorescens* and *Pseudomonas putida*
192
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. fluorescens* and *P. putida* can produce acid from glucose.
False | Produce acid from **XYLOSE**
193
__________ can produce acid from xylose.
*Pseudomonas fluorescens* and *Pseudomonas putida*
194
Which is used to differentiate *Pseudomonas fluorescens* from *Pseudomonas putida*?
Gelatin Hydrolysis
195
Which is positive in gelatin hydrolysis?
*Pseudomonas fluorescens*
196
Which is negative in gelatin hydrolysis?
*Pseudomonas putida*
197
They are non-pigmented and non-hemolytic.
*Pseudomonas moselii*
198
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. mosselii* is positive for oxidase.
True
199
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. mosselii* is negative for catalase.
False
200
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. mosselii* is negative for ADH.
False
201
The optimal growth of *P. mosselii* occurs at ______.
30 C
202
They have wrinkled, leathery, and adherent colonies.
*Pseudomonas stutzeri*
203
*P. stutzeri* exhibits a ______ or _____ pigment.
light-yellow or brown
204
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. stutzeri* is ADH negative.
True
205
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. stutzeri* is positive in starch hydrolysis.
True
206
________ can grow in an anaerobic environment in nitrate-containing media.
*Pseudomonas stutzeri*
207
_____ can cause septicemia.
*Pseudomonas stutzeri*
208
_____ can cause meningitis in HIV-infected patients.
*Pseudomonas stutzeri*
209
_____ can cause pneumonia especially in CF and ICP.
*Pseudomonas stutzeri*
210
_____ can cause endocarditis.
*Pseudomonas stutzeri*
211
_____ can cause post-surgical wound infections.
*Pseudomonas stutzeri*
212
_____ can cause septic arthritis.
*Pseudomonas stutzeri*
213
_____ can cause conjunctivitis.
*Pseudomonas stutzeri*
214
_____ can cause UTIs.
*Pseudomonas stutzeri*
215
They produce non-wrinkled, and flat colonies that may appear with a yellowish-brown pigment.
*Pseudomonas mendocina*
216
*P. mendocina* exhibits a _____ and _____ appearance.
smooth and buttery
217
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. mendocina* is positive for ADH.
True
218
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. mendocina* is positive for oxidase.
True
219
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. mendocina* produces pyoverdine pigment.
False
220
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. mendocina* is positive for acetamide.
False
221
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. mendocina* is motile with a single polar flagella.
True
222
*P. mendocina* oxidizes ____ and _____.
glucose and xylose
223
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. mendocina* is non-proteolytic.
True
224
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. mendocina* hydrolyzes starch.
False
225
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. alcaligenes* and *P. pseudoalcaligenes* are both oxidase negative.
False
226
They are biochemically negative in many tests.
*Pseudomonas alcaligenes* and *Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes*
227
They are considered as contaminants when isolated from clinical specimens.
*Pseudomonas alcaligenes* and *Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes*
228
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. alcaligenes* and *P. pseudoalcaligenes* are not capable of growing on MAC agar.
False
229
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. alcaligenes* and *P. pseudoalcaligenes* are motile with polar flagellum.
True
230
_________ is ADH positive and will weakly ferment fructose.
*Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes*
231
They are gram negative, non-fermentative, oxidase-negative bacilli.
*Pseudomonas luteola* and *Pseudomonas oryzihabitans*
232
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. luteola* and *P. oryzihabitans* are catalase positive.
True
233
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. luteola* and *P. oryzihabitans* are non-motile.
False
234
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. luteola* and *P. oryzihabitans* can oxidize glucose.
True
235
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *P. luteola* and *P. oryzihabitans* can grow on MAC agar.
True
236
______ can produce an intracellular non-diffusible yellow pigment.
*Pseudomonas luteola* and *Pseudomonas oryzihabitans*
237
______ can produce wrinkled or rough colonies at 48 hours.
*Pseudomonas luteola* and *Pseudomonas oryzihabitans*
238
*P. luteola* and *P. oryzihabitans* can produce ________ colonies at 48 hours.
wrinkled or rough
239
*P. luteola* and *P. oryzihabitans* can produce wrinkled or rough colonies at ______.
48 hours
240
These tests are used to differentiate *P. luteola* and *P. oryzihabitans*.
* O-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranoside (ONPG) Test * Esculin Hydrolysis
241
Which enzyme is being detected in ONPG test?
β-galactosidase
242
β-galactosidase is present in _______.
Late Lactose Fermenters
243
These are aerobic, catalase positive, and oxidase negative bacteria.
*Acinetobacter* spp.
244
Aerotolerance of *Acinetobacter* spp.
Aerobic
245
*Acinetobacter* spp. appear as ______ on smears.
diplococci
246
_______ resemble *Neisseria* spp.
*Acinetobacter* spp.
247
*Acinetobacter* spp. resemble __________.
*Neisseria* spp.
248
*Acinetobacter* spp. grow best at ________.
35-37 C
249
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *Acinetobacter* spp. are anaerobic.
False
250
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *Acinetobacter* spp. are catalase positive.
True
251
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *Acinetobacter* spp. oxidase positive.
False
252
# *Acinetobacter* spp. The most commonly isolated in clinical laboratories.
*Acinetobacter baumannii*
253
# *Acinetobacter* spp. Glucose oxidizing, non-hemolytic strain
*Acinetobacter baumannii*
254
# *Acinetobacter* spp. It is described to colonize the human skin and cause occasionally infections in ICP.
*Acinetobacter radioresistens*
255
# *Acinetobacter* spp. Glucose-negative, non-hemolytic strain
*Acinetobacter lwoffii*
256
They primarily affect patients with weakened immune systems and co-existing diseases.
*Acinetobacter* spp.
257
________ causes tracheobronchitis.
*Acinetobacter* spp.
258
________ causes cellulitis.
*Acinetobacter* spp.
259
This can be acquired from the contamination of catheters, and introduction of foreign bodies.
Cellulitis
260
It causes eye infections, such as endophtalmitis, conjunctivitis, and corneal ulcerations.
*Acinetobacter baumannii*
261
Which bacteria can resist decolorization and retain the crystal violet stain?
*Acinetobacter* spp.
262
Which bacteria exhibits a purplish hue on MAC agar?
*Acinetobacter* spp. | some species
263
Which strain of *Acinetobacter* sp. is saccharolytic?
*Acinetobacter baumannii*
264
Which strain of *Acinetobacter* sp. is asaccharolytic?
*Acinetobacter lwoffii*
265
Is *A. baumannii* susceptible to the antibiotic carbapenem?
No | resistant
266
CRAB stands for ______.
Carbapenem Resistant *Acinetobacter baumannii*
267
Which antibiotic is *A. baumannii* susceptible to?
- Colistin - Tigecycline
268
It is the third most common non-fermentative, gram-negative bacillus in the clinical laboratory.
*Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*
269
*Stenotrophomonas maltophilia* colonies may appear _____ on MAC agar.
bluish
270
*Stenotrophomonas maltophilia* is ______ for catalase.
Positive
271
*Stenotrophomonas maltophilia* is ______ for DNAse.
Positive
272
*Stenotrophomonas maltophilia* is ______ for esculin.
Positive
273
*Stenotrophomonas maltophilia* is ______ for gelatin hydrolysis.
Positive
274
*Stenotrophomonas maltophilia* is ______ for lysine decarboxylase.
Positive
275
It is characterized by a weak, slow, and positive oxidase reaction.
*Burkholderia cepacia complex*
276
*Burkholderia cepacia complex* oxidizes glucose, but many will oxidize ________.
maltose, lactose, and mannitol
277
*Stenotrophomonas maltophilia* is ______ for gelatin hydrolysis.
Positive
278
# ***Burkholderia cepacia complex*** **Test:** Lysine decarboxylase **Result:**?
Positive (+)
279
# ***Burkholderia cepacia complex*** **Test:** O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside **Result:**?
Positive (+)
280
# ***Burkholderia cepacia complex*** **Test:** Ornithine decarboxylase **Result:**?
Negative (-)
281
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *Burkholderia cepacia complex* fail to reduce nitrate to nitrite.
True
282
*B. cepacia complex* causes ______ in plants.
onion bulb rot
283
*B. cepacia complex* causes ______ in humans.
foot rot
284
The only non-motile bacteria among *Pseudomonas* spp.
*Burkholderia mallei*
285
Describe the colonies of *B. mallei* on BAP
smooth, cream to white
286
# **Burkholderia mallei** **Test:** Oxidase **Result:**?
Weakly Positive (+)
287
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *B. mallei* can grow in 42 C
False
288
What disease is caused by *B. mallei*?
Glander's Disease
289
A respiratory tract zoonosis caused by *B. mallei*
Glander's Disease
290
Glander's disease is an infectious disease of ______________.
horses, goats, sheeps, and donkeys
291
It is the disseminated form of Glander's disease.
Farcy
292
*B. mallei* is considered to be a _____________.
potential bioterrorism agent
293
Describe the colonies of *B. pseudomallei* on BAP
Cream to tan wrinkled colonies
294
# ***Burkholderia pseudomallei*** **Test:** ADH **Result:**?
Positive (+)
295
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *B. pseudomallei* is highly oxidative
True
296
Which disease is caused by *B. pseudomallei*?
Melioidosis
297
Melioidosis is a ________ disease.
pulmonary
298
A glanderslike disease which has a long latent period.
Melioidosis
299
It is also called as the **"Vietnamese Time Bomb"**
Meliodosis
300
Why was meliodosis called as the **"vietnamese time bomb"**?
Because the manifestation of symptoms takes years
301
It produces a yellow pigment after 48-72 hours of incubation.
*Burkholderia gladioli*
302
*B. gladioli* produces a ____ pigment after 48-72 hours of incubation.
yellow
303
*B. gladioli* produces a yellow pigment after ________ of incubation.
48-72 hours
304
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *B. gladioli* is motile by means of one polar flagella.
False | One or two polar flagella
305
# ***Burkholderia gladioli*** **Test:** Catalase **Result:**?
Positive (+)
306
# ***Burkholderia gladioli*** **Test:** Urease **Result:**?
Positive (+)
307
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *B. gladioli* grows on MAC agar.
True
308
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *B. gladioli* can oxidize glucose.
True
309
# ***Burkholderia gladioli*** **Test:** Mannitol **Result:**?
Positive (+)
310
# ***Burkholderia gladioli*** **Test:** Decarboxylase **Result:**?
Negative (-)
311
# ***Burkholderia gladioli*** **Test:** Oxidase **Result:**?
Negative (-) | Some strains are **weakly positive (+)**
312
They both can be found on water, and are usually resistant to disinfectants.
*Achromobacter* spp. and *Alcaligenes* spp.
313
*Achromobacter* spp. and *Alcaligenes* spp. can be found on ____.
water
314
*Achromobacter* spp. and *Alcaligenes* spp. are usually resistant to ______.
disinfectants
315
Aerotolerance of *Achromobacter* spp. and *Alcaligenes* spp.
Obligate aerobes
316
*Achromobacter* spp. and *Alcaligenes* spp. possess a _______ flagella.
peritichous
317
*Achromobacter* spp. and *Alcaligenes* spp. produces a ______ odor.
fruity
318
*Achromobacter* spp. and *Alcaligenes* spp. can cause a _______discoloration on SBA.
green
319
They can cause a green discoloration on SBA.
*Achromobacter* spp. and *Alcaligenes* spp.
320
In terms of OF media, both *Achromobacter* spp. and *Alcaligenes* spp. are _______.
non-oxidative | They produce a deep blue color
321
*B. diminuta* is motile, and posses a _____ polar flagella.
single
322
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *B. diminuta* is capable of oxidizing glucose.
True
323
# ***Brevundimonas diminuta*** **Test:** Oxidase **Result:**?
Positive (+)
324
**TRUE OR FALSE.** Most strains of *B. diminuta* grow on SBA agar.
False | MAC agar
325
*B. diminuta* is usually considered as ______.
contaminant
326
A slender rod, with polar flagella.
*Brevundimonas vesicularis*
327
Only about ____ of *B. diminuta* grows on MAC agar.
25%
328
# ***Brevundimonas vesicularis*** **Test:** Oxidase **Result:**?
Positive (+)
329
Most strains of _____ produce an orange intracellular pigment.
*Brevundimonas vesicularis*
330
Most strains of *B. vesicularis* produce an ____ intracellular pigment.
orange
331
*B. vesicularis* can oxidize _____ and ____.
glucose and maltose
332
To differentiate *B. diminuta* from *B. vesicularis*, we can perform the _______.
Esculin Hydrolysis
333
# ***Brevundimonas diminuta*** **Test:** Esculin hydrolysis **Result:**?
Rarely Positive (+)
334
# ***Brevundimonas vesicularis*** **Test:** Esculin hydrolysis **Result:**?
Positive (+)
335
EO stands for _____.
Eugonic Oxidizer
336
# ***CDC GROUPS EO-3, EO-4, Paracoccus*** **Test:** Oxidase **Result:**?
Positive (+)
337
**TRUE OR FALSE.** CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and *Paracoccus* spp. are motile.
False | Non-motile
338
**TRUE OR FALSE.** CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and *Paracoccus* spp. are saccharolytic.
True
339
**TRUE OR FALSE.** CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and *Paracoccus* spp. are bacilli.
False | Coccobacilli
340
**TRUE OR FALSE.** CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and *Paracoccus* spp. grow weakly on MAC agar.
True
341
CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and *Paracoccus* spp. can all oxidize _____ and _____.
glucose and xylose
342
____ and ____ isolates have a yellow, non-diffusible pigment.
EO-3 and EO-4
343
Aerotolerance of *Chromobacterium violaceum*
Facultative Anaerobe
344
What do you call the violet pigment produced by *Chromobacterium violaceum*?
Violacein
345
Straight to slightly curved rods
*Comamonas* spp. and *Delftia* spp.
346
They are motile by means of multitrichous flagella.
*Comamonas* spp. and *Delftia* spp.
347
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *Comamonas* spp. and *Delftia* spp. produce alkalinity in OF media.
True
348
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *Comamonas* spp. and *Delftia* spp. cannot reduce nitrate to nitrite.
False
349
They cause nosocomial bacteremia.
*Comamonas testosteroni* and *Comamonas terrigena*
350
It is associated with keratitis in soft contact lens wearers.
*Delftia acidovorans*
351
It is associated with catheter-related bacteremia.
*Delftia tsuruhatensis*
352
All members of the Family Flavobacteriaceae are non-motile EXCEPT ______.
*Balneatrix alpica*
353
Flavobacteriaceae exhibits a ________ discoloration of the agar on media with blood.
Lavender-green
354
A family of bacteria which exhibits a fruity odor.
Flavobacteriaceae