Non-Fermenting And Miscellanous Gram Negative Bacilli Flashcards
TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters acidify Oxidation-Fermentation (OF) medium.
False
Which medium is used for oxidation-fermentation reactions for non-fermenters?
Hugh-Leifson Medium
TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters will fail to acidify ONLY the tube which contains mineral oil in an OF reaction.
False
They will fail to acidify BOTH tubes
TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters faily to acidify Triple Iron Sugar Agar (TSIA).
True
A test that is used for carbohydrate utilization, wherein the tube contains a slanted and butt portion.
Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA)
The Slanted portion in TSIA is used for __________.
Lactose and Sucrose Fermentation
The Butt portion in TSIA is used for __________.
Glucose Fermentation
What is the result when non-fermenters reacted in TSIA?
None
The medium will remain red (alkaline)
Non-fermenters grow in ________ environment.
an aerobic
TRUE OR FALSE.
All non-fermenters are non-oxidizers or asaccharolytic.
False
Some members oxidize carbohydrates (oxiders)
TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters are oxidase (+)
True
The ONLY non-fermenter that is NON-MOTILE.
Burkholderia mallei
TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters are MOTILE
True
Except for B. mallei
Optimum temperature range of Non-fermenters.
30-37 C
They are mesophilic
TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters are thermophilic.
False
Mesophilic
________ is the only species that is MacConkey Negative (-).
Acidovorax facilis
________ are Catalase Positive (+).
Pseudomonas spp.
TRUE OR FALSE.
Generally, non-fermenters prefer a moist environment.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters have an oxidase-positive reaction, and they all exhibit a strong reaction.
False
Their reaction can be weak and variable.
Non-fermenters exhibit non-reactivity in ____ hours in commercial kit systems used for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae.
24
Non-fermenters exhibit non-reactivity in 24 hours in commercial kit systems used for the identification of ____________.
Enterobacteriaceae
Non-fermenters are resistant to a variety of antimicrobial agents such as ________.
- Aminoglycosides
- Cephalosporin
- Penicillin
- Fluoroquinolones
New Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Old Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans var. xylosoxidans
Old Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans var. xylosoxidans
New Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans
New Name: Achromobacter denitrificans
Old Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans var. denitificans
Old Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans var. denitrificans
New Name: Achromobacter denitrificans
New Name: Bergeyella zoohelcum
Old Name: Weeksella zoohelcum
Old Name: Weeksella zoohelcum
New Name: Bergeyella zoohelcum
New Name: Brevundimonas diminuta
Old Name: Pseudomonas diminuta
Old Name: Pseudomonas diminuta
New Name: Brevundimonas diminuta
New Name: Burkholderia mallei
Old Name: Pseudomonas mallei
Old Name: Pseudomonas mallei
New Name: Burkholderia mallei
New Name: Chryseobacterium gleum
Old Name: Flavobacterium gleum
Old Name: Flavobacterium gleum
New Name: Chryseobacterium gleum
New Name: Chryseobacterium indologenes
Old Name: Flavobacterium indologenes
Old Name: Flavobacterium indologenes
New Name: Chryseobacterium indologenes
New Name: Cupriavidus pauculus
Old Name: Ralstonia pauculus
Old Name: Ralstonia pauculus
New Name: Cupriavidus pauculus
New Name: Cupriavidus gilardi
Old Name: Ralstonia gilardi
Old Name: Ralstonia gilardi
New Name: Cupriavidus gilardi
New Name: Delftia acidovorans
Old Name: Comomonas acidovorans
Old Name: Comomonas acidovorans
New Name: Delftia acidovorans
New Name: Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
Old Name: Chryseobacterium meningoseptium
Old Name: Chryseobacterium meningoseptium
New Name: Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
New Name: Empedobacter brevis
Old Name: Flavobacterium brevis
Old Name: Flavobacterium brevis
New Name: Empedobacter brevis
New Name: Methylobacterium mesophilicum
Old Name: Pseudomonas mesophilica
Old Name: Pseudomonas mesophilica
New Name: Methylobacterium mesophilicum
New Name: Myroides odoratus
Old Name: Flavobacterium odoratum
Old Name: Flavobacterium odoratum
New Name: Myroides odoratus
New Name: Neisseria animaloris
Old Name: CDC Group EF-4a
Old Name: CDC Group EF-4a
New Name: Neisseria animaloris
New Name: Neisseria zoodegmatis
Old Name: CDC Group EF-4b
Old Name: CDC Group EF-4b
New Name: Neisseria zoodegmatis
New Name: Ochrobactrum anthropi
Old Name: Achromobacter biovar. 1,2 or Vd-1
Old Name: Achromobacter biovar. 1,2 or Vd-1
New Name: Ochrobactrum anthropi
New Name: Pandoraea spp.
Old Name: CDC WO-2
Old Name: CDC WO-2
New Name: Pandoraea spp.
New Name: Paracoccus yeei
Old Name: CDC Group EO-2
Old Name: CDC Group EO-2
New Name: Paracoccus yeei
New Name: Pseudomonas luteola
Old Name: Chryseomonas luteola
Old Name: Chryseomonas luteola
New Name: Pseudomonas luteola
New Name: Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus
Old Name: Moraxella phenylpyruvica
New Name: Ralstonia mannitolilytica
Old Name: Ralstonia pickettii biovar. 3/”thomasii”
Old Name: Ralstonia pickettii biovar. 3/”thomasii”
New Name: Ralstonia mannitolilytica
New Name: Ralstonia pickettii
Old Name: Pseudomonas pickettii
Old Name: Pseudomonas pickettii
New Name: Ralstonia picketti
New Name: Rhizobium radiobacter
Old Name: Agrobacterium radiobacter
Old Name: Agrobacterium radiobacter
New Name: Rhizobium radiobacter
New Name: Sphingobacterium multivorum
Old Name: Flavobacterium multivorum
Old Name: Flavobacterium multivorum
New Name: Sphingobacterium multivorum
New Name: Sphingobacterium mizutaii
Old Name: Flavobacterium mizutaii
Old Name: Flavobacterium mizutaii
New Name: Sphingobacterium mizutaii
New Name: Sphingobacterium spiritivorum
Old Name: Flavobacterium spiritivorum
Old Name: Flavobacterium spiritivorum
New Name: Sphingobacterium spiritivorum
New Name: Sphingomonas paucimobilis
Old Name: Pseudomonas paucimobilis and CDC group II-k1
Old Name: Pseudomonas paucimobilis and CDC group IIk-1
New Name: Sphingomonas paucimobilis
New Name: Acidovorax delafieldii
Old Name: Pseudomonas delafieldii
Old Name: Pseudomonas delafieldii
New Name: Acidovorax delafieldii
New Name: Acidovorax facilis
Old Name: -
New Name: Acidovorax temperans
Old Name: -
New Name: Brevundimonas vesicularis
Old Name: Pseudomonas vesicularis
Old Name: Pseudomonas vesicularis
New Name: Brevundinmonas vesicularis
New Name: Burkholderia cepacia complex
Old Name: Pseudomonas cepacia
Old Name:
Pseudomonas cepacia
New Name: Burkholderia cepacia complex
New Name: Burkholderia pseudomallei
Old Name: Pseudomonas pseudomallei
Old Name: Pseudomonas pseudomallei
New Name: Burkholderia pseudomallei
New Name: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Old Name: -
New Name: Pseudomonas fluorescens
Old Name: -
New Name: Pseudomonas mendocina
Old Name: -
New Name: Pseudomonas moteilii
Old Name: -
New Name: Pseudomonas stutzeri
Old Name: -
New Name: Pseudomonas veronii
Old Name: -
New Name: Ralstonia insidiosa
Old Name: CDC group IVc-2
These are weak-fermenters that exhibit yellow pigmentation.
- Elizabethkingia spp.
- Chryseobacterium spp.
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Elizabethkingia spp. and Chryseobacterium spp.
Yellow
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Sphingomonas paucimobilis
Yellow
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Pseudomonas luteola
Yellow
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
Yellow
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Sphingobacterium spp.
Yellow
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Pseudomonas stutzeri
Yellow
A bacterium which exhibits a light-yellow pigmentation and wrinkled colonies.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Methylobacterium spp.
Pink
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Roseomonas spp.
Pink
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Acinetobacter spp.
Purple (MacConkey Agar)
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Blue-green
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Chromobacterium violaceum
Violet
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Lavender to Lavender-green
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Pseudomonas stutzeri
Tan (occassionally)
identifiy the color of the pigmentation
Shewanella putrefaciens
Tan (occassionally)
Non-fermenters with wrinkled colonies
- Pseudomonas stutzeri
- Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
Non-fermenters with sweet odor
- Alcaligenes faecalis
- Myroides odoratus
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (grapes)
Non-fermenter with a grape-like odor
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Non-fermenters with popcorn odor
- CDC Group EO-4
- Neisseria zoodegmatis
Non-fermenters that are non-motile
- Acinetobacter spp.
- Moraxella spp.
- Chryseobacterium spp. and Elizabethkingia spp.
- Sphingobacterium spp.
- Oligella spp.
A non-fermenter that is not motile, but may glide.
Sphingobacterium spp.
Non-fermenters that are oxidase negative
- Acinetobacter spp.
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
- Pseudomonas luteola
- Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
- Pseudomonas cepacia
Non-fermenters that are H2S positive
Shewanella putrefaciens
They are gram negative (-) bacilli or cocobacilli.
Pseudomonas spp.
Pseudomonas spp. have a strictly ________ metabolism.
aerobic
TRUE OR FALSE.
Pseudomonas spp. are MOTILE
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
Pseudomonas spp. are oxidase-positive.
True (but not all)
Except: P. luteola, P. oryzihabitans, P. cepacia
Pseudomonas spp.
Test: Oxidase
Result:?
Positive (+)
Are Pseudomonas spp. catalase positive?
Yes
Pseudomonas spp. usually grow on ____ agar.
MAC
TRUE OR FALSE.
Pseudomonas spp. are usually an oxidizer of carbohydrates.
True
But some species are asaccharolytic
They are capable of producing water-soluble pigments, such as yellow-green pigments and blue pigments.
Pseudomonas spp.
The yellow-green pigment produced by Pseudomonas spp. are called _________.
Pyoverdine
The blue pigment produced by Pseudomonas spp. are called _________.
Pyocyanin
The combination of the pigments pyocyanin and pyoverdine results to a ______ color.
Bright-green
Pseudomonas fluorescent group
- P. aeruginosa
- P. fluorescens
- P. putida
- P. monteilii
- P. veronii
- P. mosselii
Pseudomonas non-fluorescent group
- P. stutzeri
- P. mendocina
- P. alcaligenes
- P. pseudoalcaligenes
- P. luteola
- P. oryzihabitans
TRUE OR FALSE.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is non-motile and round-shaped.
False
MOTILE and ROD-shaped
What is the aerotolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Obligate Aerobe
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing a ________ or ________ odor.
sweet or grape-like or corn taco-like
The odor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is due to the presence of __________.
2-aminoacetophenone
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing a non-fluorescent pigment called _________.
Pyocyanin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing a fluorescent pigment called _________.
Pyoverdine
TRUE OR FALSE.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not capable of producing dark red and brown-black pigments.
False
The dark red pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is called _______.
Pyorubin
The brown-black pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is called _______.
Pyomelanin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows well at ________.
37 - 42 C
________ grows well at 37 - 42 C.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The growth of P. aeruginosa at 42 C _________.
helps them to be differentiated among other Pseudomonas spp. and fluorescent group.
The growth of P. aeruginosa at ____ helps them to be differentiated among other Pseudomonas spp. and fluorescent group.
42 C
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. aeruginosa can ferment carbohydrates.
False
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. aeruginosa is oxidase positive.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. aeruginosa can oxidize glucose.
True
________ is capable of denitrificating nitrates and nitrites.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. aeruginosa is Arginine dihydrolysis negative.
False
ARGININE DIHYDROLYSIS POSITIVE
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. aeruginosa exhibits citrate negativity.
False
CITRATE POSITIVITY
________ is capable of acetamide utilization.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which culture media is used for the identification of P. aeruginosa?
Cetrimide Agar
Which is the type of agar is cetrimide agar according to function?
Selective and Differential
The detergent inhibitor in cetrimide agar.
Cetrimide
Cetrimide is a _________.
detergent inhibitor
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: Lipopolysaccharide
Function: ?
Antiphagocytic activity, cytoxicity
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Antiphagocytic activity, cytoxicity
Lipopolysaccharide
________ is a virulence factor which is responsible for many endotoxic properties.
Lipopolysaccharide
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: Pili
Function: ?
Adhesion
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Adhesion
Pili
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: Flagella
Function: ?
Motility, Adhesion
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Motility, Adhesion
Flagella
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: Type III Secretion System
Function: ?
Cytotoxic Activity
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Cytotoxic Activity
Type III Secretion System
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: Phospholipases
Function: ?
Cytotoxicity
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Cytotoxicity
Phospholipases
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: Proteases
Function: ?
Cytotoxicity, Proteolytic Actvity
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Cytotoxicity, Proteolytic Activity
Proteases
The most important virulence factor of P. aeruginosa
Exotoxin A
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: Exotoxin A
Function: ?
Cytotoxicity, Blocks protein synthesis
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Cytotoxicity, Blocks protein synthesis
Exotoxin A
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: Capsule
Function: ?
Antiphagocytic Activity
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa
Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Antiphagocytic Activity
Capsule
Wounds and burns contaminated by P. aeruginosa contains a ______ pus.
blue-green colored
It causes necrotizing pneumonia.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A chronic pneumonia
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is caused by __________.
P. aeruginosa
It causes mild otitis externa in swimmers.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
It causes invasive otitis externa in patients with diabetes.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
It causes fatal sepsis in infants.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A clinical finding which has a presence of erythema or redness that usually does not contain pus.
Ecthyma Gangrenosum
Ecthyma gangrenosum is caused by ______.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A clinical finding acquired from poorly chlorinated hot tubs and swimming pools.
Folliculitis
Folliculitis is caused by _________.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Treatment of choice for P. aeruginosa
- Piperacillin and ticarcillin
- 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime and cefepime)
- Carbapenems (except ertapenem)
- Fluoroquinolones
These can be isolated from respiratory specimens, contaminated blood products, urine, and other hospital equipment.
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida can grow at ______.
4 C
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. fluorescens and P. putida can reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas.
False
__________ cannot reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas.
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. fluorescens and P. putida can produce acid from glucose.
False
Produce acid from XYLOSE
__________ can produce acid from xylose.
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida
Which is used to differentiate Pseudomonas fluorescens from Pseudomonas putida?
Gelatin Hydrolysis
Which is positive in gelatin hydrolysis?
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Which is negative in gelatin hydrolysis?
Pseudomonas putida
They are non-pigmented and non-hemolytic.
Pseudomonas moselii
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mosselii is positive for oxidase.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mosselii is negative for catalase.
False
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mosselii is negative for ADH.
False
The optimal growth of P. mosselii occurs at ______.
30 C
They have wrinkled, leathery, and adherent colonies.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
P. stutzeri exhibits a ______ or _____ pigment.
light-yellow or brown
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. stutzeri is ADH negative.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. stutzeri is positive in starch hydrolysis.
True
________ can grow in an anaerobic environment in nitrate-containing media.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
_____ can cause septicemia.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
_____ can cause meningitis in HIV-infected patients.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
_____ can cause pneumonia especially in CF and ICP.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
_____ can cause endocarditis.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
_____ can cause post-surgical wound infections.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
_____ can cause septic arthritis.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
_____ can cause conjunctivitis.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
_____ can cause UTIs.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
They produce non-wrinkled, and flat colonies that may appear with a yellowish-brown pigment.
Pseudomonas mendocina
P. mendocina exhibits a _____ and _____ appearance.
smooth and buttery
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina is positive for ADH.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina is positive for oxidase.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina produces pyoverdine pigment.
False
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina is positive for acetamide.
False
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina is motile with a single polar flagella.
True
P. mendocina oxidizes ____ and _____.
glucose and xylose
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina is non-proteolytic.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina hydrolyzes starch.
False
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. alcaligenes and P. pseudoalcaligenes are both oxidase negative.
False
They are biochemically negative in many tests.
Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
They are considered as contaminants when isolated from clinical specimens.
Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. alcaligenes and P. pseudoalcaligenes are not capable of growing on MAC agar.
False
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. alcaligenes and P. pseudoalcaligenes are motile with polar flagellum.
True
_________ is ADH positive and will weakly ferment fructose.
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
They are gram negative, non-fermentative, oxidase-negative bacilli.
Pseudomonas luteola and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans are catalase positive.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans are non-motile.
False
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans can oxidize glucose.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans can grow on MAC agar.
True
______ can produce an intracellular non-diffusible yellow pigment.
Pseudomonas luteola and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
______ can produce wrinkled or rough colonies at 48 hours.
Pseudomonas luteola and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans can produce ________ colonies at 48 hours.
wrinkled or rough
P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans can produce wrinkled or rough colonies at ______.
48 hours
These tests are used to differentiate P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans.
- O-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranoside (ONPG) Test
- Esculin Hydrolysis
Which enzyme is being detected in ONPG test?
β-galactosidase
β-galactosidase is present in _______.
Late Lactose Fermenters
These are aerobic, catalase positive, and oxidase negative bacteria.
Acinetobacter spp.
Aerotolerance of Acinetobacter spp.
Aerobic
Acinetobacter spp. appear as ______ on smears.
diplococci
_______ resemble Neisseria spp.
Acinetobacter spp.
Acinetobacter spp. resemble __________.
Neisseria spp.
Acinetobacter spp. grow best at ________.
35-37 C
TRUE OR FALSE.
Acinetobacter spp. are anaerobic.
False
TRUE OR FALSE.
Acinetobacter spp. are catalase positive.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
Acinetobacter spp. oxidase positive.
False
Acinetobacter spp.
The most commonly isolated in clinical laboratories.
Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter spp.
Glucose oxidizing, non-hemolytic strain
Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter spp.
It is described to colonize the human skin and cause occasionally infections in ICP.
Acinetobacter radioresistens
Acinetobacter spp.
Glucose-negative, non-hemolytic strain
Acinetobacter lwoffii
They primarily affect patients with weakened immune systems and co-existing diseases.
Acinetobacter spp.
________ causes tracheobronchitis.
Acinetobacter spp.
________ causes cellulitis.
Acinetobacter spp.
This can be acquired from the contamination of catheters, and introduction of foreign bodies.
Cellulitis
It causes eye infections, such as endophtalmitis, conjunctivitis, and corneal ulcerations.
Acinetobacter baumannii
Which bacteria can resist decolorization and retain the crystal violet stain?
Acinetobacter spp.
Which bacteria exhibits a purplish hue on MAC agar?
Acinetobacter spp.
some species
Which strain of Acinetobacter sp. is saccharolytic?
Acinetobacter baumannii
Which strain of Acinetobacter sp. is asaccharolytic?
Acinetobacter lwoffii
Is A. baumannii susceptible to the antibiotic carbapenem?
No
resistant
CRAB stands for ______.
Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Which antibiotic is A. baumannii susceptible to?
- Colistin
- Tigecycline
It is the third most common non-fermentative, gram-negative bacillus in the clinical laboratory.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonies may appear _____ on MAC agar.
bluish
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for catalase.
Positive
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for DNAse.
Positive
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for esculin.
Positive
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for gelatin hydrolysis.
Positive
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for lysine decarboxylase.
Positive
It is characterized by a weak, slow, and positive oxidase reaction.
Burkholderia cepacia complex
Burkholderia cepacia complex oxidizes glucose, but many will oxidize ________.
maltose, lactose, and mannitol
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for gelatin hydrolysis.
Positive
Burkholderia cepacia complex
Test: Lysine decarboxylase
Result:?
Positive (+)
Burkholderia cepacia complex
Test: O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside
Result:?
Positive (+)
Burkholderia cepacia complex
Test: Ornithine decarboxylase
Result:?
Negative (-)
TRUE OR FALSE.
Burkholderia cepacia complex fail to reduce nitrate to nitrite.
True
B. cepacia complex causes ______ in plants.
onion bulb rot
B. cepacia complex causes ______ in humans.
foot rot
The only non-motile bacteria among Pseudomonas spp.
Burkholderia mallei
Describe the colonies of B. mallei on BAP
smooth, cream to white
Burkholderia mallei
Test: Oxidase
Result:?
Weakly Positive (+)
TRUE OR FALSE.
B. mallei can grow in 42 C
False
What disease is caused by B. mallei?
Glander’s Disease
A respiratory tract zoonosis caused by B. mallei
Glander’s Disease
Glander’s disease is an infectious disease of ______________.
horses, goats, sheeps, and donkeys
It is the disseminated form of Glander’s disease.
Farcy
B. mallei is considered to be a _____________.
potential bioterrorism agent
Describe the colonies of B. pseudomallei on BAP
Cream to tan wrinkled colonies
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Test: ADH
Result:?
Positive (+)
TRUE OR FALSE.
B. pseudomallei is highly oxidative
True
Which disease is caused by B. pseudomallei?
Melioidosis
Melioidosis is a ________ disease.
pulmonary
A glanderslike disease which has a long latent period.
Melioidosis
It is also called as the “Vietnamese Time Bomb”
Meliodosis
Why was meliodosis called as the “vietnamese time bomb”?
Because the manifestation of symptoms takes years
It produces a yellow pigment after 48-72 hours of incubation.
Burkholderia gladioli
B. gladioli produces a ____ pigment after 48-72 hours of incubation.
yellow
B. gladioli produces a yellow pigment after ________ of incubation.
48-72 hours
TRUE OR FALSE.
B. gladioli is motile by means of one polar flagella.
False
One or two polar flagella
Burkholderia gladioli
Test: Catalase
Result:?
Positive (+)
Burkholderia gladioli
Test: Urease
Result:?
Positive (+)
TRUE OR FALSE.
B. gladioli grows on MAC agar.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
B. gladioli can oxidize glucose.
True
Burkholderia gladioli
Test: Mannitol
Result:?
Positive (+)
Burkholderia gladioli
Test: Decarboxylase
Result:?
Negative (-)
Burkholderia gladioli
Test: Oxidase
Result:?
Negative (-)
Some strains are weakly positive (+)
They both can be found on water, and are usually resistant to disinfectants.
Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp.
Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. can be found on ____.
water
Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. are usually resistant to ______.
disinfectants
Aerotolerance of Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp.
Obligate aerobes
Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. possess a _______ flagella.
peritichous
Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. produces a ______ odor.
fruity
Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. can cause a _______discoloration on SBA.
green
They can cause a green discoloration on SBA.
Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp.
In terms of OF media, both Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. are _______.
non-oxidative
They produce a deep blue color
B. diminuta is motile, and posses a _____ polar flagella.
single
TRUE OR FALSE.
B. diminuta is capable of oxidizing glucose.
True
Brevundimonas diminuta
Test: Oxidase
Result:?
Positive (+)
TRUE OR FALSE.
Most strains of B. diminuta grow on SBA agar.
False
MAC agar
B. diminuta is usually considered as ______.
contaminant
A slender rod, with polar flagella.
Brevundimonas vesicularis
Only about ____ of B. diminuta grows on MAC agar.
25%
Brevundimonas vesicularis
Test: Oxidase
Result:?
Positive (+)
Most strains of _____ produce an orange intracellular pigment.
Brevundimonas vesicularis
Most strains of B. vesicularis produce an ____ intracellular pigment.
orange
B. vesicularis can oxidize _____ and ____.
glucose and maltose
To differentiate B. diminuta from B. vesicularis, we can perform the _______.
Esculin Hydrolysis
Brevundimonas diminuta
Test: Esculin hydrolysis
Result:?
Rarely Positive (+)
Brevundimonas vesicularis
Test: Esculin hydrolysis
Result:?
Positive (+)
EO stands for _____.
Eugonic Oxidizer
CDC GROUPS EO-3, EO-4, Paracoccus
Test: Oxidase
Result:?
Positive (+)
TRUE OR FALSE.
CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and Paracoccus spp. are motile.
False
Non-motile
TRUE OR FALSE.
CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and Paracoccus spp. are saccharolytic.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and Paracoccus spp. are bacilli.
False
Coccobacilli
TRUE OR FALSE.
CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and Paracoccus spp. grow weakly on MAC agar.
True
CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and Paracoccus spp. can all oxidize _____ and _____.
glucose and xylose
____ and ____ isolates have a yellow, non-diffusible pigment.
EO-3 and EO-4
Aerotolerance of Chromobacterium violaceum
Facultative Anaerobe
What do you call the violet pigment produced by Chromobacterium violaceum?
Violacein
Straight to slightly curved rods
Comamonas spp. and Delftia spp.
They are motile by means of multitrichous flagella.
Comamonas spp. and Delftia spp.
TRUE OR FALSE.
Comamonas spp. and Delftia spp. produce alkalinity in OF media.
True
TRUE OR FALSE.
Comamonas spp. and Delftia spp. cannot reduce nitrate to nitrite.
False
They cause nosocomial bacteremia.
Comamonas testosteroni and Comamonas terrigena
It is associated with keratitis in soft contact lens wearers.
Delftia acidovorans
It is associated with catheter-related bacteremia.
Delftia tsuruhatensis
All members of the Family Flavobacteriaceae are non-motile EXCEPT ______.
Balneatrix alpica
Flavobacteriaceae exhibits a ________ discoloration of the agar on media with blood.
Lavender-green
A family of bacteria which exhibits a fruity odor.
Flavobacteriaceae
