Anaerobic Gram Positive Bacilli Flashcards
Similarities between Clostridium spp. and Bacillus spp.
- Spore-forming
- Gram positive (+)
Differences between Clostridium spp. and Bacillus spp.
CLOSTRIDIUM
* Anaerobic
* Catalase (-)
BACILLUS
* Aerobic
* Catalase (+)
Gram stain reaction of Clostridium spp.
Gram Positive (+)
Catalase reaction of Clostridium spp.
Catalase Negative (-)
Morphology of Clostridium spp.
Bacilli
Aerotolerance of Clostridium spp.
Anaerobic
Habitat of Clostridium spp.
Humans and Animals
Are Clostridium spp. asaccharolytic?
No, they are SACCHAROLYTIC
Which species of Clostridium are asaccharolytic?
- Clostridium tetani
- Clostridium septicum
Clostridium tetani and Clostridium septicum are capable of _______.
Swarming
These organisms are capable of swarming.
- Clostridium tetani
- Clostridium septicum
Clostridium spp. are capable of producing ______.
Toxins
Clostridium spp. are classified based on the ______.
toxin produced
Categories of Clostridium spp. based on the toxin produced
- Neurotoxin
- Histotoxin
- Enteric
Neurotoxic Clostridium spp.
- Clostridium tetani
- Clostridium botulinum
Histotoxic Clostridium spp.
- Clostridium septicum
- Clostridium perfringens
Enteric Clostridium spp.
Clostridium difficile
The causative agent of Myonecrosis
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of ________.
Myonecrosis
Myonecrosis is commonly known as _________.
Gas Gangrene
Myonecrosis is a ______ infection.
cutaneous
________ causes food poisoning, particulary PORK POISONING.
Clostridium perfringens
Which specific type of food poising do Clostridium perfringens cause?
Pork Poisoning
________ causes Pig Bel (Type C) necrotic enteritis.
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium perfringens causes which specific type of necrotic enteritis?
Pig Bel (Type C)
Is Clostridium perfringens encapsulated?
Yes
Is Clostridium perfringens motile?
No, it is non-motile
Which physical characteristic differentiates Clostridium perfringens among other species?
Box Car appearance
It exhibits a box car appearance
Clostridium perfringens
The spore of Clostridium perfringens is located _________.
subterminally
Clostridium perfringens produces a double hemolysis on _______.
Blood Agar Plate
________ produces a double hemolysis on BAP.
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium perfringens produces a ________ on BAP.
double hemolysis
Describe the inner hemolysis exhibited by Clostridium perfringens on BAP.
Complete zone of hemolysis (β) due to Teta toxin
The inner hemolysis of Clostridium perfringens on BAP is _______.
β-hemolysis
The outer hemolysis of Clostridium perfringens on BAP is _______.
α-hemolysis
Describe the outer hemolysis exhibited by Clostridium perfringens on BAP.
Incomplete zone of hemolysis (α) due to alpha-toxin and lecithinase
Which is responsible for the complete zone of hemolysis of Clostridium perfringens on BAP?
Teta Toxin
Which is responsible for the incomplete zone of hemolysis of Clostridium perfringens on BAP?
- Alpha Toxin
- Lecithinase
Known factor in Reverse CAMP Test
CAMP
Unknown factor in Reverse CAMP Test
Phospholipase C
What is the purpose of Nagler reaction?
To identify the presence of α-toxin or lecithinase
Nagler reaction is also known as _______.
Lecithinase Test
Explain the principle of Nagler reaction
To identify the alpha toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens. The α-toxin is lecithinase, which will hydrolyze the phospholipid lecithin that can be seen in the culture media (egg-yolk based media). The activity of lecithinase is demonstrated by the growth of the bacteria on the agar containing egg yolk and the presence of α-toxin on the other half as well as no or free from α-toxin on the remaining half.
Positive result for Nagler Reaction
- (+) PPT/opalescence on the side withour anti-toxin or
- (+) No PPT/opalescence on the side with anti-toxin
It inhibits opalescence and lecithinase.
Anti-toxin
Which agar is used for Nagler reaction?
- McClung Toabe
- Neomycin Egg Yolk Agar
The culture media for Nagler reaction contains _______.
Lecithin
Which toxin targets the CNS?
Neurotoxin
Which toxin targets the tissues?
Histotoxin
Which toxin targets the GIT?
Enteric
Clostridium botulinum is also known as _________.
Canned Good Bacillus
It is also known as “Canned Good Bacillus”.
Clostridium botulinum
Why is Clostridium botulinum called canned good bacillus?
It is present or produced in canned goods