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Bacteriology > Anaerobic Gram Positive Bacilli > Flashcards

Anaerobic Gram Positive Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

Similarities between Clostridium spp. and Bacillus spp.

A
  1. Spore-forming
  2. Gram positive (+)
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2
Q

Differences between Clostridium spp. and Bacillus spp.

A

CLOSTRIDIUM
* Anaerobic
* Catalase (-)
BACILLUS
* Aerobic
* Catalase (+)

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3
Q

Gram stain reaction of Clostridium spp.

A

Gram Positive (+)

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4
Q

Catalase reaction of Clostridium spp.

A

Catalase Negative (-)

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5
Q

Morphology of Clostridium spp.

A

Bacilli

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6
Q

Aerotolerance of Clostridium spp.

A

Anaerobic

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7
Q

Habitat of Clostridium spp.

A

Humans and Animals

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8
Q

Are Clostridium spp. asaccharolytic?

A

No, they are SACCHAROLYTIC

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9
Q

Which species of Clostridium are asaccharolytic?

A
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Clostridium septicum
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10
Q

Clostridium tetani and Clostridium septicum are capable of _______.

A

Swarming

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11
Q

These organisms are capable of swarming.

A
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Clostridium septicum
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12
Q

Clostridium spp. are capable of producing ______.

A

Toxins

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13
Q

Clostridium spp. are classified based on the ______.

A

toxin produced

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14
Q

Categories of Clostridium spp. based on the toxin produced

A
  • Neurotoxin
  • Histotoxin
  • Enteric
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15
Q

Neurotoxic Clostridium spp.

A
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Clostridium botulinum
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16
Q

Histotoxic Clostridium spp.

A
  • Clostridium septicum
  • Clostridium perfringens
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17
Q

Enteric Clostridium spp.

A

Clostridium difficile

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18
Q

The causative agent of Myonecrosis

A

Clostridium perfringens

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19
Q

Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of ________.

A

Myonecrosis

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20
Q

Myonecrosis is commonly known as _________.

A

Gas Gangrene

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21
Q

Myonecrosis is a ______ infection.

A

cutaneous

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22
Q

________ causes food poisoning, particulary PORK POISONING.

A

Clostridium perfringens

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23
Q

Which specific type of food poising do Clostridium perfringens cause?

A

Pork Poisoning

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24
Q

________ causes Pig Bel (Type C) necrotic enteritis.

A

Clostridium perfringens

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25
Q

Clostridium perfringens causes which specific type of necrotic enteritis?

A

Pig Bel (Type C)

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26
Q

Is Clostridium perfringens encapsulated?

A

Yes

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27
Q

Is Clostridium perfringens motile?

A

No, it is non-motile

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28
Q

Which physical characteristic differentiates Clostridium perfringens among other species?

A

Box Car appearance

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29
Q

It exhibits a box car appearance

A

Clostridium perfringens

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30
Q

The spore of Clostridium perfringens is located _________.

A

subterminally

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31
Q

Clostridium perfringens produces a double hemolysis on _______.

A

Blood Agar Plate

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32
Q

________ produces a double hemolysis on BAP.

A

Clostridium perfringens

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33
Q

Clostridium perfringens produces a ________ on BAP.

A

double hemolysis

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34
Q

Describe the inner hemolysis exhibited by Clostridium perfringens on BAP.

A

Complete zone of hemolysis (β) due to Teta toxin

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35
Q

The inner hemolysis of Clostridium perfringens on BAP is _______.

A

β-hemolysis

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36
Q

The outer hemolysis of Clostridium perfringens on BAP is _______.

A

α-hemolysis

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37
Q

Describe the outer hemolysis exhibited by Clostridium perfringens on BAP.

A

Incomplete zone of hemolysis (α) due to alpha-toxin and lecithinase

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38
Q

Which is responsible for the complete zone of hemolysis of Clostridium perfringens on BAP?

A

Teta Toxin

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39
Q

Which is responsible for the incomplete zone of hemolysis of Clostridium perfringens on BAP?

A
  • Alpha Toxin
  • Lecithinase
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40
Q

Known factor in Reverse CAMP Test

A

CAMP

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41
Q

Unknown factor in Reverse CAMP Test

A

Phospholipase C

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42
Q

What is the purpose of Nagler reaction?

A

To identify the presence of α-toxin or lecithinase

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43
Q

Nagler reaction is also known as _______.

A

Lecithinase Test

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44
Q

Explain the principle of Nagler reaction

A

To identify the alpha toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens. The α-toxin is lecithinase, which will hydrolyze the phospholipid lecithin that can be seen in the culture media (egg-yolk based media). The activity of lecithinase is demonstrated by the growth of the bacteria on the agar containing egg yolk and the presence of α-toxin on the other half as well as no or free from α-toxin on the remaining half.

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45
Q

Positive result for Nagler Reaction

A
  • (+) PPT/opalescence on the side withour anti-toxin or
  • (+) No PPT/opalescence on the side with anti-toxin
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46
Q

It inhibits opalescence and lecithinase.

A

Anti-toxin

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47
Q

Which agar is used for Nagler reaction?

A
  • McClung Toabe
  • Neomycin Egg Yolk Agar
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48
Q

The culture media for Nagler reaction contains _______.

A

Lecithin

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49
Q

Which toxin targets the CNS?

A

Neurotoxin

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50
Q

Which toxin targets the tissues?

A

Histotoxin

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51
Q

Which toxin targets the GIT?

A

Enteric

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52
Q

Clostridium botulinum is also known as _________.

A

Canned Good Bacillus

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53
Q

It is also known as “Canned Good Bacillus”.

A

Clostridium botulinum

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54
Q

Why is Clostridium botulinum called canned good bacillus?

A

It is present or produced in canned goods

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55
Q

Clostridium botulinum is the causative agent of __________.

A
  • Food botulism
  • Wound botulism
  • Infant botulism
56
Q

The causative agent of food, wound, and infant botulism.

A

Clostridium botulinum

57
Q

Spore description of Clostridium botulinum

A
  • Oval
  • Subterminal
58
Q

Virulence factors associated with Clostridium botulinum

A
  • Toxin-labile
  • Botulinum Toxin
59
Q

A neurotoxin that is most potent and powerful.

A

Botulinum Toxin

60
Q

Clostridium botulinum blocks the release of _______.

A

Acetylcholine

61
Q

Infections associated with Clostridium botulinum

A
  • Wound botulism
  • Infant botulism (floppy baby syndrome, SIDS)
62
Q

Spore in wound

A

Wound botulism

63
Q

Honey bee is also known as _______.

A

Floppy Baby Syndrome

64
Q

Is Clostridium botulinum cultured?

A

Not commonly

65
Q

How is Clostridium botulinum identified?

A

Through Cytotoxin assay using serum

66
Q

What is the purpose of Cytotoxin assay in Clostridium botulinum?

A

To identify the presence of botulinum toxin

67
Q

Which Clostridium sp. is lipase (+)?

A

Clostridium botulinum

68
Q

Clostridium tetani is also known as _______.

A

Tuck Head/Drumstick/Lollipop Bacillus

69
Q

It is also known as “Tuck head/Drumstick/Lollipop Bacillus”.

A

Clostridium tetani

70
Q

Why is Clostridium tetani called tuck head/drumstick/lollipop bacillus?

A

Because its spore is round and found terminally

71
Q

Clostridium tetani is the causative agent of _______.

72
Q

__________ is the causative agent of Tetanus.

A

Clostridium tetani

73
Q

“lock jaw”

74
Q

“devil’s grin”

A

Risus Sardonicus

75
Q

“arching of the back”

A

Opisthotonus

76
Q

How is Clostridium tetani transmitted?

A

Through direct inoculation in to the wound

77
Q

Virulence factors associated with Clostridium tetani

A

Tetanospasmin

78
Q

What kind of toxin is tetanospasmin?

A

Neurotoxin

79
Q

It is associated with spasmic contractions or lock jaw.

A

Tetanospasmin

80
Q

Is Clostridium tetani cultured?

A

Not commonly

81
Q

Which specimen is used in Cytotoxin assay for the detection of botulinum toxin?

82
Q

The causative agent of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.

A

Clostridium difficile

83
Q

Most commonly associated antibiotic for Clostridium difficile

A

Clindamycin

84
Q

Spore description of Clostridium difficile

A

Oval and subterminal

85
Q

Which agar is used for Clostridium difficile?

A

Cycloserine-Cefoxitin Fructose Agar (CCFA)

86
Q

Clostridium difficile ferments _______.

87
Q

Which tests are done to detect the toxin produced by Clostridium difficile?

A
  • EIA
  • Cytotoxin assay
88
Q

Which specimen is used to detect the presence of toxin produced by Clostridium difficile?

89
Q

The only non-motile species of Clostridium

A

Clostridium perfringens

90
Q

The only species of Clostridium that can ferment lactose

A

Clostridium perfringens

91
Q

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a normal flora of the ________.

A

Mouth, GIT, Vaginal Canal

92
Q

________ is also known as Doderlein Bacillus.

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus

93
Q

Lactobacillus acidophilus is also known as _______.

A

Doderlein Bacillus

94
Q

Is Lactobacillus acidophilus pathogenic?

A

No

But they can be an opportunistic pathogen

95
Q

An organism which is an occupational hazard in meat, poultry, and fish handlers.

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus

96
Q

Which culture is used to propagate Lactobacillus acidophilus?

A

Tomato Juice Agar

97
Q

Which species is found in Yakult?

A

Lactobacillus casei

98
Q

Lactobacillus casei is found famously in ______.

99
Q

Lactobacillus casei is also known as _______.

A

Shirota Strain

100
Q

Shirota strain is pertaining to _______.

A

Lactobacillus casei

101
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Lactobacillus spp.?

A

Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Bacilli

102
Q

It causes lumpy jaw

A

Actinomyces bovis

103
Q

Actinomyces bovis causes ______.

104
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Actinomyces spp.?

A

Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Bacilli

105
Q

It characterized by the presence of lesion on the sinus tract; draining sinus tract with sulfur granules.

A

Actinomyces israeli

106
Q

These are the causative agents of Periodontal Molar Tooth Colony Disease

A
  • Bifidobacterium dentium
  • Eubacterium lentum
107
Q

Bifidobacterium dentium and Eubacterium lentum are the causative agents of _________.

A

Periodontal Molar Tooth Colony Disease

108
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Bifidobacterium dentium and Eubacterium lentum spp.?

A

Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Bacilli

109
Q

A skin flora, normally causing pimples.

A

Propionibacterium acnes

110
Q

An organism which requires 20% bile.

A

Bacteroides fragilis

111
Q

Bacteroides fragilis requires _______.

112
Q

What color does Bacteroides fragilis colonies exhibit?

113
Q

Bacteroides fragilis is a normal flora of the _______.

114
Q

______ produces a foul odor.

A

Bacteroides fragilis

115
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Bacteroides fragilis?

A

Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli

116
Q

Which organism is it?

  • Black colonies
  • Red fluorescence on UVL
A

Porphyromonas asaccharolytica

117
Q

Which organism is it?

  • Black colonies
  • Red fluorescence on UVL
  • Saccharolytic
A

Prevotella melaninogenica

118
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica?

A

Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli

119
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Prevotella melaninogenica?

A

Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli

120
Q

Which organism is it?

  • Breadcrumb colonies
  • Fusiform bacilli
A

Fusobacterium nucleatum

121
Q

Which organism is it?

Vincent’s angina

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

122
Q

Which organism is it?

Pitting of the agar

A

Bacteroides ureolyticus

123
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Fusobacterium nucleatum?

A

Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli

124
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli

125
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Bacteroides ureolyticus?

A

Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli

126
Q

Which organism is it?

  • SPS Sensitive
  • Indole and Catalase (-)
A

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

127
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius?

A

Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Cocci

128
Q

Which organism is it?

Catalase (+)

A

Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus

129
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus?

A

Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Cocci

130
Q

Which organism is it?

Staphylococcus like

A

Peptostreptococcus niger

131
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Peptostreptococcus niger?

A

Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Cocci

132
Q

Which organism is it?

Most pathogenic anaerobic cocci

A

Finegoldia magna

133
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Finegoldia magna?

A

Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Cocci

134
Q

Which organism is it?

  • Red fluorescence in UVL
  • Nitrate (+)
A

Veilonella parvula

135
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Veilonella parvula?

A

Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Cocci

136
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Megasphera?

A

Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Cocci

137
Q

What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of Acidaaminococcus?

A

Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Cocci

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