Spirochetes Flashcards
Treponema pallidum subsp pallidum
Venereal syphilis
Treponema pallidum subsp pertenue
Yaws
Treponema pallidum subsp carateum
Pinta
Treponema pallidum subsp endemicum
Bejel
Treponema denticola
necrotizing gingivitis
Yaws
most common non venereal infection
mainly children <15
Yaws primary
lower extremities lesions
2-4 weeks post inoculation
Yaws secondary
weeks to months later
lesions near mouth and nose then spread and develop into ulcers, shedding organism
Yaws tertiary
10% of patients
5-10 years later
deforming subcutaneous gummatous nodules with large necrotic skin ulcers
bone infections resulting in new bone formation
Pinta
least severe of non venereal syphilis
many children <15
Pinta infection
lesions develop 1-8 weeks post inoculation
depigmented skin lesions ulcerative or papulosquamous
sentinel lesions lower limbs loaded with organism
3-5 years post develop skin rash
3-10 yrs later pigment changes, bony prominences
Bejel
non venereal, endemic syphilis
children 2-15
Bejel primary
painless ulcerations - oral, nasopharyngeal region
Bejel secondary
no ulcerations visible, diffuse skin rash, lesions at same area
nasopharyngeal ulcerations progress to bone involvement
Primary syphilis
10-90 day incubation indurated lesion (chancre) becomes encrusted or ulcerated (regional lymphadenopathy)
Secondary syphilis
6 weeks to 6 months
lesions of skin and mucous membranes involving palms and soles
lymphadenopathy
neurologic symptoms
Tertiary syphilis
non infectious
chronic inflammatory lesions - gummas
Congenital syphilis
Hutchinsons triad - teeth/bone deformation, interstitial keratitis, deafness due to lesions of 8th cranial nerve and neurosyphilis
Non treponemal tests
RPR
VDRL
Non treponemal tests
detect tissue damage (cell lysis material)
NOT specific, must be confirmed
Treponemal tests
detect the specific organism (definitive)
Treponemal tests
FTA-ABS TP-PA EIA INNO-LIA PCR Darkfield microscopy
Borrelia recurrentis
Borrelia duttoni
Epidemic relapsing fever
Borrelia hermsii
Borrelia turicatae
Borrelia parkeri
Endemic relapsing fever
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia garinii
Borrelia afzelii
Lyme disease
Lyme disease
60% develop erythema migrans at site of tick bite
Louse borne relapsing fever
scratching kills releasing organism, inoculating host skin or mucous membrane
associated with poverty, crowded living conditions, poor sanitation
Borrelia media
Kellys medium
Leptospira biflexa
non pathogenic
Leptospira interrogans
pathogenic
Leptospira reservoir
rodents and dogs
Spirrilium minus
rat bite fever (sudoku)
rodent exposure threat
