RNA Viruses Flashcards
HIV I/II mode of action
Encode reverse transcriptase enzyme which makes a double stranded DNA from the single stranded RNA genome
HIV I groups
M, N, o
HIV II groups
A1 and A2
HIV tropism to human cells
CD4+ cells — T helper cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, astrocytes
Stages of HIV Replication/Pathology
- Binding
- Fusion
- Reverse transcription
- Integration
- Replication
- Assembly
- Budding
HIV I/II
Retroviridae
HTLV I/II
Retroviridae
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM/LCMV)
Arenaviridae
Lassa fever
Arenaviridae
Rift Valley fever
Bunyaviridae
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever
Bunyaviridae
California encephalitis virus
Bunyaviridae
Sin nombre
Bunyaviridae
Hantaa and Seoul virus
Bunyaviridae
Hepatitis D virus
Deltaviridae
Marburg virus
Filoviridae
Ebola virus
Filoviridae
Influenza
Orthomyxoviridae
Parainfluenza 1-4
Paramyxoviridae
Mumps virus
Paramyxoviridae
Measles (Rubeola) virus
Paramyxoviridae
Respiratory syncytial virus
Paramyxoviridae
Rabies virus
Rhabdoviridae
SARS-CoV
Coronaviridae
MERS-CoV
Coronaviridae
Yellow fever
Flaviviridae
Japanese encephalitis
Flaviviridae
West Nile virus
Flaviviridae
Dengue and Zika virus
Flaviviridae
Hepatitis C
Flaviviridae
Hepatitis E
Flaviviridae
Eastern equine encephalitis
Togaviridae
Chikungunya
Togaviridae
Rubella
Togaviridae
Norwalk virus
Calciviridae
Enterovirus
Picornaviridae
Poliovirus
Picornaviridae
Hepatitis A virus
Picornaviridae
Rhinovirus
Picornaviridae
Rotavirus
Reoviridae
Colorado tick fever virus
Reoviridae
LCM/LCMV transmission
Aseptic meningitis by inhalation of rodent urine or infected cultures
<1% mortality
Lassa fever transmission
Person to person exposure to infected body fluids
5% mortality
Rift Valley/Crimean Congo/California encephalitis transmission
Infected mosquito
Neurological disease
Hepatitis D role
Incomplete virus, require other virus as a helper to replicate
Enveloped, helical nucleocapsid
Blood or body exposure to mucous membranes
NO vaccine
Marburg info
Mortality 20-90%
Incubation 5-10 days
Exposure to contaminated body fluids
Ebola info
Mortality 70-90%
Incubation 8-10 days
Exposure to contaminated body fluids
Ebola treatment
Adoptive serum transfer, experimental drug ZMapp
Influenza A
80% all infections
Pandemics and epidemics
Humans, avian, swine
Influenza B
20% all infections
Human infection only
Influenza C
Rare, human infection only
Influenza Peplomers
Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase
Antigenic drift
Very small changes occur in the virus RNA over time, these changes make the H and N protein different
Antigenic shift
2 different viruses infected the same cell. As new viral particles are made they contain a mix of both viruses
Measles info
Infects epithelium of respiratory tract and spread by coughing or sneezing
Measles symptoms
2-3 days koplik spots, 3-5 days red raised rash (extanthem) starting at hair lines spreads down throughout body
Respiratory syncytial virus info
Most common cause of respiratory disease < 1 yr olds
Most common in winter months
RSV treatment
Synagis a monoclonal antibody that blocks attachment
Rabies clinical phases
Prodromal
Furious
Dumb
Coma
Rabies transmission
Exposure to infected saliva secretion by bites, inoculation of mucous membranes, rare case transplantation
Rabies viral entry
Nerve endings, advances to ganglia, spinal cord and brain
Rabies treatment
Infuse HRIG, vaccination
Norwalk virus transmission
Fecal oral contamination
Highly contagious
#1 associated food borne illness
10-20 virus particles infectious dose
Poliovirus symptoms
Targets brain and spinal cord
70% asymptomatic, 25% flu like for 2-5 days then resolve
Post polio syndrome
Progressive muscle deterioration occurs in 25-50% of patients infected during childhood
Hepatitis A treatment
Vaccination recommended person 1yrs old and older at high risk
Pre and post exposure immunoglobulin therapy
Echovirus
Similar to polio but less virulent
Responsible for respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, hand foot mouth disease
Rhinovirus info
Likes to replicate in cooler temp (32C)
