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Microbiology > Mycobacteria > Flashcards

Mycobacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Vertical transmission

A

transmission of organism from mother to fetus

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2
Q

TORCH

A

Toxoplasma gondii
Cytomegalovirus
Human papillomavirus HPV

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3
Q

Mycobacteria general info

A

Slender, non motile, non spore forming, obligate aerobes
resist gram staining because of lipids in their cell wall that prevent penetration of crystal violet and safranin
referred to as acid fast bacilli (AFB)

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4
Q

Mycobacteria staining

A

Ziehl neelsen
Kinyoun
Fluorochrome

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5
Q

Ziehl neelson stain

A

requires heating during staining

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6
Q

Kinyoun stain

A

does not require heating

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7
Q

Fluorochrome stain

A

with auramine/rhodamine staining as the primary stain

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8
Q

2% NaOH

A

used for decontamination

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9
Q

NALC

A

mucolytic agentthat liquefies mucus in respiratory specimens, releasing the mycobacteria

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10
Q

LJ media

A

agar based and contains egg components for growth and malachite green to inhibit growth of normal flora

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11
Q

Middlebrook agar

A

contains 2% glycerol to support better growth of some species

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12
Q

Photochromogens

A

produce non pigmented colonies when grown in the dark and pigmented colonies after exposure to light

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13
Q

Scotochromogens

A

produce deep yellow to orange pigmented colonies when grown in either light or dark

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14
Q

Nonchromogens

A

non pigmented in both light and dark

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15
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis test

A

skin test

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16
Q

TB skin test

A

injected intradermally and examined 24 hours later for redness and swelling
(+) indicates previous exposure but not necessarily active

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17
Q

M. TB first line drugs

A

Isoniazid
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide

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18
Q

Isoniazid drug

A

inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid

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19
Q

Rifampin drug

A

inhibits RNA synthesis by inhibiting RNA polymerase

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20
Q

Ethambutol drug

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis

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21
Q

Pyrazinamide drug

A

inhibits multiple targets such as energy production and translation of mRNA

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22
Q

Multidrug (R) M. TB

A

simultaneous (R) to both isoniazid and rifampin

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23
Q

extremely drug (R) M. TB

A

(R) to isoniazid and rifampin, plus (R) to any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of the 3 second line drugs (capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin)

24
Q

Mycobacterium bovis

A

causes TB in warm blooded animals

human disease is zoonosis

25
Q

Mycobacterium kansasii info

A

isolated from tap water
no person to person spread
rarely disseminates

26
Q

Mycobacterium marinum info

A

fresh and saltwater
typical infections involve skin
usually presents as single nodular lesion confined to one extremity
fish tank or swimming pool granuloma

27
Q

Mycobacterium gordonae info

A

freshwater (tap water)
rarely pathogenic - isolated as contaminant in labs
can lead to pseudo outbreaks

28
Q

Mycobacterium marinum

A

fish tank or swimming pool granuloma

29
Q

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum info

A

environmental water source

causes scrofula in children

30
Q

Mycobacterium xenopi info

A

hot water systems
causes primary pulmonary disease
nosocomial and pseudo infection from water storage tanks in hospitals

31
Q

Mycobacterium avium complex info

A

important pathogens of poultry and swine
most common environmental causing disease in humans
isolated in up to 20% cystic fibrosis patients

32
Q

M avium antimicrobial therapy

A

Clarithromycin
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Rifabutin

33
Q

Clarithromycin drug

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

34
Q

Rifabutin drug

A

inhibits RNA synthesis

35
Q

Mycobacterium haemophilum info

A

multiple painful subcutaneous nodules commonly involving extremities
eyebrow and tattoo procedures
ferric ammonium citrate or hemin is growth requirement

36
Q

Mycobacterium ulcerans info

A

stagnant water

causes painless lump under skin - shallow non healing ulcer

37
Q

M ulcerans - Africa

A

Buruli ulcer

38
Q

M ulcerans - Australia

A

Bairnsdale ulcer

39
Q

Mycobacterium fortuitum info

A

post traumatic wound infections, osteomyelitis, joint infections and infections of the eye

40
Q

Mycobacterium chelonae info

A

disseminated cutaneous disease

outbreaks occurred after acupuncture therapy

41
Q

Mycobacterium abscessus info

A 
pulmonary infections (cystic fibrosis patients)
chronic otitis media (associated with ear tube placement)
42
Q

Mycobacterium leprae info

A

humans reservoir with shedding from nose (armadillo)
causes leprosy (Hansens disease)
cannot be cultured using agar or liquid based culture media

43
Q

M. tuberculosis ID

A

optimal growth 37C
niacin (+)
nitrate (+)
growth on T2H (+)

44
Q

M. bovis ID

A

optimal growth 37C

45
Q

M. kansasii ID

A 
optimal growth 37C
photochromogen
nitrate (+)
semiquantx catalase >45
68C catalase (+)
growth on T2H (+)
46
Q

M. marinum ID

A

optimal growth 30C
photochromogen
growth on T2H (+)

47
Q

M. gordonae ID

A 
optimal growth 37C
scotochromogen
semiquant catalase >45
68C catalase (+)
growth on T2H (+)
48
Q

M. scrofulaceum ID

A 
optimal growth 37C
scotochromogen
semiquant catalase >45
68C catalase (+)
growth on T2H (+)
49
Q

M. xenopi ID

A

optimal growth 42C
scotochromogen
68C catalase (+)
growth on T2H (+)

50
Q

M. avium ID

A

optimal growth 37C

growth on T2H (+)

51
Q

M. haemophilum ID

A

optimal growth 30C

growth on T2H (+)

52
Q

M. ulcerans ID

A

optimal growth 30C
68C catalase (+)
growth on T2H (+)

53
Q

M. fortuitum ID

A 
optimal growth 30C
growth rate <=7 days
nitrate (+)
semiquant catalase >45
68C catalase (+)
growth on T2H (+)
growth on MAC (+)
iron uptake (+)
54
Q

M. abscessus ID

A 
optimal growth 30C
growth rate <=7 days
semiquant catalase >45
68C catalase (+)
growth on T2H (+)
growth on MAC (+)
55
Q

M. chelonae ID

A 
optimal growth 30C
growth rate <=7 days
niacin (+/-)
semiquant catalase >45
68C catalase (+)
growth on T2H (+)

Microbiology (37 decks)

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