Parasites Intro Flashcards
Symbiosis
member of different species of organisms living in close association
Commensalism
beneficial to one partner and not problematic to the other (causes no harm)
Mutualism
beneficial relationship to both parasite and host organism
Obligate parasite
parasite that must always live in contact with a host
Facultative parasite
A parasite that can complete its life cycle in a free living environment or alternatively, that lives during part or all of its cycle within a host
Endoparasite
living within a host (tapeworm, malaria)
Ectoparasite
living outside the host (body surface - lice, fleas, mites)
Protozoa
single celled eukaryote that are primarily unicellular nonphotosynthetic and are further classified on their ability for movement (motility) — pseudopods, flagella, cililia
Sporozoa
non motile protozoa
Trophozoites
feeding, motile stage of protozoa
Cysts
Infectious stage of protozoa, highly condensed cytoplasm and thick cell wall
Karyosome
Concentrated clumps of chromatin material within the nucleus
Peripheral chromatin
Non active chromatin, providing the nucleus halo like appearance
Sporogony (microsporidia)
Productions of spores, asexual stage
Oocyst
A thick or thin walled stage in the life cycle of coccidia, shed in feces of human infections
Proglottid
Tapeworm segments containing male and female reproductive systems — may be immature, mature, or gravid
Scolex
The head or attachment portion of a tapeworm — suckers or hooklets
Tachyzoite
Rapidly multiplying stage in development of tissue phase of Toxoplasma
Bradyzoite
Slowly multiplying trophozoite contained in the tissue cyst, chronic infection of Toxoplasma
Kinetoplast
Intensely staining rod or disk shaped or spherical extranuclear DNA structure found in parasitic flagella near the base of the flagellum
Amastigote
Small round intracellular stage of Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp. base of flagella is anterior to the nucleus, no external flagellum
Promastigote
Development stage of Trypanosomes, the base of the flagellum is anterior to the nucleus, non undulating membrane
Trypanosome
A slender, flagellate protozoan found in the blood of humans — also called trypomastigote
Roundworm/Hookworm
Unsegmented, bilateral symmetry, fully functioning digestive tract, long, cylindrical, mm to m length
Tapeworm
Ribbon like body with a chain of segments/proglottid, contains both male and female reproductive systems, scolex allows for worm attachment to intestinal tissue. Proglottids are immature, mature or gravid (full of eggs)
Fluke
Flat worm with hook (oral sucker), dorsoventrally flattened, all eggs are operculated (lid structure)
Amoebae
Naked, loose, pseudopod-forming
Abundant soil dwellers, rich organic debris
Ciliates
Microscopic appendages extending from the surface of the cell
Flagellates
Free living, whip like appendages, pathogenic for humans and animals
Coccidia
Subclass of protozoa, epithelial cells of intestinal tract, liver and other organs
Nematodes
Ascaris lumbricoides Enterobius vermicularis Trichuris trichiura Trichinella spiralis Dracunculus medinensis Toxocara canis/cati Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus Strongyloides stercoralis Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi Loa loa Mansonella streptocerca Onchocerca volvus
Cestodes
Diphyllobathrium latum Taenia saginata Taenia solium — cysticercosis Hymenolepis nana Hymenolepis diminuta Echinococcus granulosus
Trematodes
Fasciolopsis buski Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai Clonorchis sienensis Paragonimus westermani Fasciola hepatica Schistosoma S. japonicum S. mansoni S. haematobium S. intercalatum
Amoebae - intestinal protozoa
Entamoeba histolytica E. dispar E. moshkovskii E. bangladeshi E. polecki E. hartmanni E. coli Endolimax nana Iodamoeba buetschlii Blastocystis hominis
Ciliates - intestinal protozoa
Balantidium coli
Flagellates
Giardia lamblia
Dientamoebae fragilis
Chilomastix mesnili
Pentatrichomonas hominis
Coccidia - intestinal protozoa
Cryptosporidium sp.
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cystoisospora (isospora) belli
Hemoflagellates
Trypanosoma buncrei
Trypanosoma cruzi
Visceral kala azar
Primary cutaneous leishmaniasis
Blood protozoa
Plasmodium P. vivax P. falciparum P. ovale P. malariae P. knowlesi Babesia
Coccidia - Tissue protozoa
Toxoplasma gondii
Amoeba - Tissue protozoa
Naegleria fowleri
Acantoamoeba sp.
Flagellates - Tissue protozoa
Trichomonas vaginalis