Anaerobic Bacteria Flashcards
Obligate aerobe
only aerobic growth - oxygen required
Facultative anaerobe
aerobic and anaerobic growth - greater growth with oxygen present
Obligate anaerobe
only anaerobic growth - cannot grow when oxygen is present (toxic)
Aerotolerant anaerobe
anaerobic growth - growth continues with oxygen present
Microaerophilic
aerobic growth - oxygen required in low concentrations
Capnophilic
aerobic growth - CO2 required in high concentration
BBE agar
enriched, selective, differential for B fragilis group
KVL agar
enriched, selective, differential - prevents growth facultative gram nneg and gram pos
larked blood enhances pigment formation
CNA agar
inhibits gram neg and used to grow most gram pos and facultative
Egg yolk agar
detect proteolytic enzymes produced by clostridium
lecithinase
opaque zone around colony
lipase
blue green sheen on surface around colony
Bacteroides fragilis group ID
gram (-) rod coccobacilli 20% bile (+) bile esculin (+) vancomycin (R) kanamycin (R) colistin (R) growth on KVL agar
Prevotella ID
gram (-) rod pigmented (black) brick red under UV light vancomycin (R) kanamycin (R) growth on KVL agar
Porphyromonas ID
gram (-) rod pigmented (black) brick red under UV light colistin (R) indole (+)
Fusobacterium ID
gram (-) rod
vancomycin (R)
indole (+)
Fusobacterium nucleatum
gram (-) rod
causes serious pulmonary infections - most common
Fusobacterium necrophorum
gram (-) rod
lung and liver abscesses - more serious
Fusobacterium infection
Lemierres syndrome
Veillonella ID
gram (-) cocci
red fluorescence
nitrate (+)
mouth/urogenital infection
Acidaminococcus ID
gram (-) cocci
GI tract infection
Megasphaera ID
gram (-) cocci
GI tract infection
glucose (+)
Finegoldia magna ID
gram (+) cocci
Skin/soft tissue/bone/joint infections
Peptostreptococcus ID
gram (+) cocci
abdominal and female genital tract infections
Anaerococcus ID
gram (+) cocci
abdominal and female genital tract infections
Parvimonas micra ID
gram (+) cocci
oral pathogen
anaerobic gram (+) cocci
olive green pigment colonies that become black
inhibition by SPS
adhesion factors, biofilm production (virulence factors)
Clostridium species
(R) to disinfection processes
Clostridium perfringens infections
gas gangrene
post abortion sepsis
food poisoning
Clostridium perfringens virulence factors
enterotoxin and exotoxin that can cause severe tissue damage (histotoxin)
Clostridium tetani virulence factor
tetanospasmin - neurotoxin that effects spinal cord resulting in involuntary muscle contractions (begin with lock jaw and progress to backward arching of back muscles)
Clostridium tetani treatment
DPT - diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus trivalent vaccine
Clostridium botulinum infections
food botulism
infant botulism
wound botulism
iatrogenic botulism
food botulism
home canned foods containing spores
infant botulism
ingest spores then grow in intestines and produce toxin
wound botulism
contaminated with spores - increase with IV drug abuse
iatrogenic botulism
toxin therapy for excessive muscle activity or cosmetic use (overdose)
Clostridium botulinum virulence factor
botulism toxin - neurotoxin that binds to the synapse of nerve fibers, resulting in acute (flaccid) paralysis and death
Clostridium difficile info
high carriage rate in intestines of patients who have received broad spectrum antimicrobial agents and have eliminated normal intestinal flora
Clostridium difficile virulence factors
enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B
Clostridium difficile diagnosis
growing toxin production bacteria from stool sample
detecting toxin in stool using cell monolayers
detecting toxin in stool using immunoassays
detecting glutamate dehydrogenase antigen
molecular detection of the toxin gene
Clostridium septicum infection
suggests colon cancer when found in blood cultures
occasionally cause of gas gangrene
Clostridium septicum virulence factor
histotoxin
Clostridium perfringens ID
double zone beta hemolysis
lecithinase (+)
subterminal spores
nagler test (+)
Clostridium tetani ID
round terminal spores resembling drumsticks
Clostridium botulinum ID
lecithinase (+)
lipase (+)
oval/subterminal spores resembling tennis rackets
Clostridium difficile ID
CCFA agar - fluoresce under UV light
oval/subterminal spores
Clostridium septicum
swarming medusa head
Actinomyces infection
causes lumpy jaw, abdominal and chest infections and pelvic infections in women with intrauterine devices
Actinomyces virulence factor
fimbriae
Cutibacterium acnes infection
plays a role in acne and is recovered from infections of prosthetic devices - also can cause corneal ulcers after cataract surgery
opportunistic pathogen
Cutibacterium acnes virulence factor
production of enzymes that can cause tissue damage
Mobiluncus infection
associated with bacterial vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and abdominal infections
Mobiluncus virulence factor
ability to adhere to epithelial cells
Lactobacillus info
helps to maintain acidic environment in vagina
is population decreases, risk of BV increases
rarely pathogenic, used as probiotic
Bifidobacterium info
mostly nonpathogenic - probiotic
Eubacterium
mostly nonpathogenic
Actinomyces ID
filamentous branching rods
molar tooth
Cutibacterium ID
anaerobic diphtheroid
catalase (+)
indole (+)
Mobiluncus ID
stains gram (-) but has a cell wall structure of gram (+) curved rod
Lactobacillus ID
aerotolerant
alpha hemolytic on blood agar
Bifidobacterium ID
bifurcated rods
indole (+)
