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Block 5 ellen > Spinal reflex L11 > Flashcards

Spinal reflex L11 Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of movement

A

reflex
voluntary
Rhythmic

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2
Q

Most movements are a combination of (except v simple movements);

A

reflex
voluntary
rhythmic

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3
Q

cerebral hemispheres are involved in

A

voluntary controls

modifying automatic movement

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4
Q

Cerebellum general role

A

coordinating movement

learning fine motor skills

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5
Q

Brainstem general role

A

automated type movements

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6
Q

Spinal cord movements

A

automatic or repetitive movements

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7
Q

grey matter in the spinal cord is

A

central

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8
Q

white matter in spinal cord is

A

on outside

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9
Q

Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord via the

A

dorsal horn

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10
Q

motor neurons exit the spinal cord via the

A

ventral horn

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11
Q

Cervical enlargement is between

A

C3-T1

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12
Q

Lumbar enlargement is between

A

L1-S3

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13
Q

trunk, head posture are organised ____ in the spinal cord

A

medially

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14
Q

upper limbs are organised____ in the spinal cord

A

medially

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15
Q

Hands, feet (distal) are organised_____ in the spinal cord

A

laterally

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16
Q

Which are the most motor neurons in the spinal cord

A

Alpha motor neurons

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17
Q

Largest neurons in the body=

A

alpha motor neurons

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18
Q

Where do alpha motor neurons synapse

A

skeletal muscle fibre

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19
Q

Upper motor neurons=

A

CNS

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20
Q

Lower motor neurons=

A

brain stem and spinal cord leave CNS synapse on muscles

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21
Q

Final common pathway=

A

LMN

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22
Q

Where are alpha motor neurons found

A

in the ventral horn of spinal cord

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23
Q

What neurotransmitters are associated with alpha motor neurons

A

Acetylcholine

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24
Q

Where can spinal motor neurons receive inputs from (3)

A

spinal interneurons
Muscle spindle and skin (sensory input)
UMN

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25
Q

Motor neuron disease also called

A

ALS

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26
Q

What goes wrong in ALS

A

degernation of alpha motor neurons (upper and lower)

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27
Q

Symptoms of ALS (4)

A

Muscle weakness
Atrophy
Twitching
Difficulty breathing/ swallowing

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28
Q

Drug treatment for ALS

A

Riluzole

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29
Q

what does Riluzole do

A

blocks glutamatergic neurotransmission

30
Q

Reflex=

A

involuntary movement bc of sensory stimulation (impulses travel through reflex arc)

31
Q

Reflex arc composed of

A

Sensory neuron
Interneuron (0-many)
Motor neuron

32
Q

Why are reflexes so fast

A

Not many synapses

33
Q

Why have reflexes

A

Protects the body against damage

Coordinates muscle activity

34
Q

Stretch reflex=

A

myotatic reflex

35
Q

Mitotic reflex caused

A

when a muscle is pulled on (it tends to pull back)

36
Q

Where are muscle spindles are embedded in

A

extrafusal muscle

37
Q

Muslce spindles are important for

A

proprioception

38
Q

What is a muscle spindle made off

A

intrafusal muscle fibres

39
Q

Which way do intrafusal muscle fibres run

A

in parallel with extrafusal fibres

40
Q

What do intrafusal muscle fibres detect

A

amount and rate of change of muscle length (how stretched)

41
Q

1a afferent neuron is

A

a sensory neuron

42
Q

Where are 1a neurons wrapped

A

around the muscle spindle

43
Q

Where do 1a neurons synapse

A

directly onto alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord

44
Q

An alpha motor neuron signals the muscle to

A

contract

45
Q

Where do Alpha motor neurons synapse

A

on extrafusal muscle fibres

46
Q

What is a single synapse system

A

sensory fibres connected directly to the motor fibres

47
Q

Monosynaptic=

A

single synapse between muscle sensory fibre and alpha motor neuron

48
Q

Example of monosynaptic reflex

A

stretch reflex

49
Q

What do gamma motor neurons do

A

regulates sensitivity of sensory afferents to stretch

50
Q

Where do gamma motor neurons synapse

A

intrafusal muscle fibres

51
Q

Which are thicker alpha or gamma motor neurons

A

Alpha

52
Q

E.g of stretch reflex

A

patellar tendon tap

53
Q

What type of response is a stretch reflex

A

graded

54
Q

Arm flexors=

A

Biceps

55
Q

Arm extensors=

A

triceps

56
Q

The two actions of the patellar reflex

A

monosynaptic stretch reflex

reciprocal inhibition 9of antagonist)

57
Q

What does the inverse stretch reflex involve

A

golgi tendon

58
Q

Location of golgi tendon

A

junction of muscle and tendon

59
Q

Which way does the golgi tendon run

A

in series with extrafusal fibres

60
Q

what is the golgi tendon organ innervated by

A

1b afferent

61
Q

What threshold are 1b afferents

A

high threshold (only innervated under extreme stretch0

62
Q

What does muscle contraction do in the Golgi tendon

A

stretches the tendon and activates sensory receptors

63
Q

What is the function of the Golgi tendon

A

Encodes and regulates muscle tension (protects muscles and tendons from damage)

64
Q

1b afferents from the golgi tendon organ synapse with

A

inhibitory interneurons in spinal cord

65
Q

Activation of 1b afferents decreases

A

activity of alpha motor neurons

66
Q

Flexor withdrawal reflex or

A

crossed extensor reflex

67
Q

receptors of flexor withdrawal reflex

A

nociceptive cutaneous receptors

68
Q

Flexor withdrawal reflex=

A

bend one knee, extend opposite (compensatory support)

69
Q

Flexor withdrawal reflex involves

A

multiple synapses

70
Q

What are central pattern generators

A

neural networks that produce oscillatory patterned outputs without sensory input

71
Q

Examples of central pattern generators

A

locomotion
chewing
swallowing
ect

Block 5 ellen (17 decks)

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