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Block 5 ellen > Motor system,spinal cord and brainstem L10 > Flashcards

Motor system,spinal cord and brainstem L10 Flashcards

1
Q

Three parts of brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medula

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2
Q

Where do the nerves emerge from in the midbrain

A

interpeduncular fossa

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3
Q

which cranial nerves are in the forebrain

A

1, 2

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4
Q

which cranial nerves in the midbrain

A

3,4

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5
Q

which cranial nerves in the pons

A

5,6,7,8

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6
Q

Which cranial nerves in the medulla

A

9,10,11,12

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7
Q

What is the channel through the midbrain called

A

cerebral aqueduct

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8
Q

What lies behind the cerebral aqueduct

A

tectum

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9
Q

What are the ridges along the medulla called

A

the pyramids

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10
Q

the 4 bumps (six pack) of the midbrain (tectum) are

A

superior and inferior colliculi

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11
Q

Which cranial nerve is the only one to come out of the dorsal aspect of the CNS

A

4th

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12
Q

upper motor neurons lie

A

entirely in the CNS

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13
Q

3 places UMN can originate from

A

Cerebral cortex,
cerebellum,
brainstem

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14
Q

LMN lie in

A

The PNS

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15
Q

LMN can be (2) nerves

A

spinal nerves and cranial nerves

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16
Q

A LMN action potential is

A

all or nothing

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17
Q

What can effect LMN

A

UMN

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18
Q

What tracts pass through the internal capsule

A

Ascending and descending

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19
Q

Where is a dangerous place to be damaged in the brain (affects a lot of function)

A

Internal capsule

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20
Q

4 features of the internal capsule

A

An anterior limb
A genu (bend)
Posterior limb
Retrolentiform area

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21
Q

Shape of the internal capsule

A

2 V shapes

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22
Q

What do the ventromedial tracts affect

A

posture and girdle muscles (trunk muscles and limb girdles)

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23
Q

What do the dorsolateral tracts control

A

Distal movement and fine movement

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24
Q

What 2 classifications can be made about descending tracts

A

ventromedial

Dorsolateral

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25
Q

name three ventrolateral tracts

A

pontine
tectal
vestibular

26
Q

Name three dorsolateral tracts

A

Cortical
rubral
medullary

27
Q

The pontine reticulospinal tract runs from

A

Supplementary motor cortex–> pontine reticular nuclei

28
Q

The pontine reticulospinal tract runs down the spinal cord

A

ipsilaterally

29
Q

The pontine reticulospinal tract synapses in______

A

in multiple segments of spinal cord = polysegmental

30
Q

What does the reticulospinal tract mediate

A

large movements of the trunk and limbs

31
Q

What extra thing does the reticulospinal tract mediate

A

sensation (e.g pain can force yourself to hold hand over flame)

32
Q

What category of tract is tectospinal

A

ventromedial

33
Q

Where does the tectospinal tract run from

A

superior and inferior colliculus (tectum)—-> cervical spinal cord

34
Q

What place does the visual pathway come from (tectospinal)

A

superior colliculus

35
Q

What place does the auditory pathway come from (tectospinal)

A

inferior colliculus

36
Q

When does the tectospinal tract desiccate

A

early

37
Q

What muscles does the tectospinal tract control

A

head and neck

38
Q

What does the superior colliculus receive inout from

A

the optic nerve

39
Q

Where do most vestibulospinal tracts come from

A

vestibular nuclei in the pons

40
Q

How do the vestibulospinal tracts travel down the spinal cord

A

ipsilateral

41
Q

What does the vestibulospinal tract control

A

balance and posture

42
Q

Where do vestibulospinal tracts run to

A

all spinal segments (anti-gravity muscle)

43
Q

Ventromedial tracts are about

A

posture, position and keeping you off the ground (proximal muscles)

44
Q

Name 2 dorsolateral descending tracts

A

Corticospinal

rubrospinal

45
Q

Where does the rubrospinal tract come from

A

the red nucleus

46
Q

Where does the rubrospinal tracts decussate

A

as they emerge from the red nucleus (which is in the midbrain)

47
Q

How does the rubrospinal tract travel down the spinal cord

A

contralaterally

48
Q

What is the rubrospinal tract important in

A

control and coordination of movement

49
Q

What type of tract is corticospinal

A

pyramidal (also dorsolateral)

50
Q

The corticospinal tract comes from the

A

motor cortex areas

51
Q

Which structure does the corticospinal tract run down

A

the internal capsule

52
Q

Where in the internal capsule does the corticospinal tract run

A

in the posterior limb

53
Q

3 places neurons of the corticospinal tract pass

A

crus cerebri
the pons
medulla

54
Q

Where in the pons do the corticospinal tracts run

A

front (basilar) pons

55
Q

where do 85-90% of the fibres decussate in the corticospinal tract

A

medullary pyramids

56
Q

What do the decussated corticospinal tracts become

A

lateral corticospinal tract

57
Q

What do the non decussated corticospinal tracts become

A

anterior cortical spinal tract

58
Q

Where do the UMN of the lateral corticospinal tracts synapse

A

ventral horn at all segmental levels

59
Q

What happens to the anterior corticospinal tract

A

remains ipsilateral in the spinal cord, decussates and terminates in the ventral horn of the cervical and upper thoracic segmental levels

60
Q

What is the corticospinal tract important for (2)

A

voluntary skilled motor activity (especially upper limbs)

independant flexion of single distal joints

61
Q

Babinski’s

A

toe curl up (normally down) / extension

62
Q

dorsolateral=

A

fine muscle control

Block 5 ellen (17 decks)

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