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Block 5 ellen > Examination of the spinal cord L7 > Flashcards

Examination of the spinal cord L7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three sensory modalities

A

Discriminative touch
pain and temperature
Proprioception

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2
Q

how are the vertebrae connected

A

through fibrous tissue –> within which are facet joints

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3
Q

What absorbs shock in vertebral column

A

intervertebral discs

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4
Q

Where is the spinal cord contained

A

in the vertebral arch

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5
Q

2 properties of the vertebral arch

A

provides protection for the spinal cord

muscles attach to the transverse processes

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6
Q

where do the facet joints articulate

A

articular processes

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7
Q

What special feature does C2 have

A

odontoid process, peg

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8
Q

Fracture of the odontoid causes

A

hyperextension / hyperflexion of the neck

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9
Q

C1=

A

Atlas

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10
Q

What joint is where the cervical vertebra meets the skull

A

atlanto-occipical joint

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11
Q

C2=

A

axis

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12
Q

Typical cervical vertebra range

A

C3-C6

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13
Q

What is contained in the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra

A

vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves

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14
Q

Danger of clots forming in the cervical vertebral artery

A

stroke

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15
Q

4 features of C3-C6

A

small bodies
large arches
bifid spinous processes (neck attachment)
horizontal zygapophyseal joint

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16
Q

Things to look for on an X-ray (3)

A 
loss of alignment 
maintained intervertebral disc spaces 
specific spaces (soft tissue) for bleed
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17
Q

CT scan +/-

A

more likely to pick up an injury

higher radiation dose

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18
Q

typical thoracic vertebra (4)

A

bigger body
long spinous process
circular vertebral foramen
vertically arranged facet joints

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19
Q

How many thoracic vertebra

A

12

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20
Q

how many lumbar vertebra

A

5

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21
Q

typical lumbar vertebra

A

Large kidney shaped bodies
Small arches
large spinous processes
vertical facet joints

22
Q

Which vertebra usually wears out first

A

L5

23
Q

feature of sacrum & coccyx

A

no movement

24
Q

where do spinal nerves leave

A

intervertebral foramen

25
Q

where does the spinal cord end

A

L1/L2

26
Q

Cauda equina syndrome=

A

central herniation of intervertebral disc between lumbar vertebra going backwards–> squashing cauda equina

27
Q

What does cauda equina syndrome present with (4)

A

bladder and bowel dysfunction
Perineal numbness
New sexual dysfunction
Progressive/ bilateral leg weakness

28
Q

Most common slipped disc

A

L5/S1 Sciatic

29
Q

3 examination points (Y1)

A
  1. Examine lumbar and thoracic spine for deformity and movement
  2. carry out sciatic and femoral nerve stretch tests
  3. Test sensation of pain, touch and position to outline dermatomes
30
Q

3 curves of the back

A

cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis

31
Q

scoliosis=

A

sideways bend in spine

caused from slipped disc—> muscle spasm

32
Q

when is spina bifida usually picked up

A

in utero

33
Q

Where does the femoral nerve come from

A

L2-L4

34
Q

Where does the femoral nerve supply

A

hip and knee joint, quadriceps

35
Q

where does sciatic nerve arise from

A

L5-S2

36
Q

where does the sciatic nerve run

A

posterior compartment of thigh (midline), supplies knee flexors

37
Q

Which dermatome is around the nipple

A

T4

38
Q

C4 dermatome=

A

shoulder tip

39
Q

C5 dermatome=

A

over deltoid

40
Q

C6 dermatome=

A

tip of thumb

41
Q

C7 dermatome =

A

middle/ index finger

42
Q

C8 dermatome =

A

tip of little finger

43
Q

T1 dermatome =

A

medial border of elbow

44
Q

Which dermatome is around the umbilicus

A

T10

45
Q

Hands in pockets dermatome

A

L1

46
Q

Anteriorlateral thigh dermatome=

A

L2

47
Q

Anterior knee dermatome=

A

L3

48
Q

Medial calf dermatome=

A

L4

49
Q

Lateral calf –> big toe dermatome

A

L5

50
Q

Little toe dermatome

A

S1

51
Q

Posterior - medial leg dermatome

A

S2

Block 5 ellen (17 decks)

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