Development of the CNS L1

Question 1

What makes up the CNS

Answer 1

Brain + spinal cord

Question 2

What makes up the middle section of ectoderm?

Answer 2

Neuroectoderm/ neural plate

Question 3

What is neurulation?

Answer 3

formation of the neural tube and neural crest cells

Question 4

what does the neuroectoderm fold to become

Answer 4

The neural tube

Question 5

How far does the neural tube stretch

Answer 5

All the way along the trilaminar disc

Question 6

What do the neural plate boarders /crests of the neural folds break up to become

Answer 6

Neural crest cells

Question 7

Name structures neural crest cells form from the dorsal end;

Answer 7

• Cranial & sensory ganglia & nerves
• Schwann cells & pigment cells & adrenal medullary cells
• Dentine & cranial bones
• Muscles & connective tissue

Question 8

What do the cranial neural crest cells, in the pharyngeal arches form?

Answer 8

Bone
Muscle
Dentine (first arch)
Cranial nerves
Connective tissue

Question 9

What three sections does the brain swell into

Answer 9

Forebrain
Midbrain
hindbrain

Question 10

What 2 sections does the forebrain swell into

Answer 10

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

Question 11

What does the brain cavity become in adult life

Answer 11

Ventricles

Question 12

Where do the lateral ventricles form

Answer 12

Cerebral hemispheres (one on each side)

Question 13

What structure links the 3rd and 4th ventricle

Answer 13

An aqueduct

Question 14

What is the third ventricle inbetween

Answer 14

two thalami

Question 15

Where does the forth ventricle lie

Answer 15

In the cerebellum

Question 16

What structure in the brain grows over and surrounds the rest?

Answer 16

Telencephalon/ cerebral hemisphere

Question 17

What does the diencephalon contain

Answer 17

Basal ganglia

Thalamus

Question 18

What flexure bend) forms in the mid brain

Answer 18

Cranial flexure

Question 19

What flexure forms in the back of the hind brain

Answer 19

Cervical flexure

Question 20

What flexure forms when the cervical and cranial flexure fold over each other

Answer 20

The pontine flexure (forms in the pons)

Question 21

What shape are the lateral ventricles and what do they form around

Answer 21

a C shape (on both sides of brain)

Around the diencephalon

Question 22

What forms the floor of the lateral ventricles

Answer 22

A caudate nucleus (part of basal ganglia )

Question 23

How do fibres pass through the nuclei of basal ganglia & diencephalon

Answer 23

Internal capsule

Question 24

What are basal ganglia

Answer 24

a collection of cell bodies at the base of the brain (cluster of grey matter)

Question 25

Where does the spinal cord come from

Answer 25

Tail end of the neural tube

Question 26

Where in spinal cord are alar plates

Answer 26

The posterior horns

Question 27

Where in the spinal cord are basal plates

Answer 27

The anterior horns

Question 28

where are the lateral horns

Answer 28

In-between the anterior and posterior horns

autonomic nerves

Question 29

What are alar and basal plates made from

Answer 29

Cell bodies (as more connections are made white matter= fibres and axons build up around them)

Question 30

What are efferent axons

Answer 30

Come out the CNS–> peripheral
Motor
Axons grow off the anterior horns (ventral root)

Question 31

What are afferent axons

Answer 31

Form from neural crest cells
Cell bodies within the dorsal ganglia
Axon growth migrates into posterior horns (dorsal root)

Question 32

What are nerves called going into and out of the cranium & how many

Answer 32

cranial nerves 12

Question 33

What are the parasympathetic cranial nerves called?

Answer 33

Cranial-sacral nerves

Question 34

what are Sympathetic nerves called

Answer 34

thoracolumbar (thoracic and lumbar areas of the spine)

Question 35

Which arch is vagus

Answer 35

4th

Question 36

Which arch is glossopharyngeal

Answer 36

3rd

Question 37

Which arch is facial

Answer 37

2nd

Question 38

Which arch is trigeminal

Answer 38

1st