Development of the CNS L1 Flashcards
What makes up the CNS
Brain + spinal cord
What makes up the middle section of ectoderm?
Neuroectoderm/ neural plate
What is neurulation?
formation of the neural tube and neural crest cells
what does the neuroectoderm fold to become
The neural tube
How far does the neural tube stretch
All the way along the trilaminar disc
What do the neural plate boarders /crests of the neural folds break up to become
Neural crest cells
Name structures neural crest cells form from the dorsal end;
- Cranial & sensory ganglia & nerves
- Schwann cells & pigment cells & adrenal medullary cells
- Dentine & cranial bones
- Muscles & connective tissue
What do the cranial neural crest cells, in the pharyngeal arches form?
Bone Muscle Dentine (first arch) Cranial nerves Connective tissue
What three sections does the brain swell into
Forebrain
Midbrain
hindbrain
What 2 sections does the forebrain swell into
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
What does the brain cavity become in adult life
Ventricles
Where do the lateral ventricles form
Cerebral hemispheres (one on each side)
What structure links the 3rd and 4th ventricle
An aqueduct
What is the third ventricle inbetween
two thalami
Where does the forth ventricle lie
In the cerebellum
What structure in the brain grows over and surrounds the rest?
Telencephalon/ cerebral hemisphere
What does the diencephalon contain
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
What flexure bend) forms in the mid brain
Cranial flexure
What flexure forms in the back of the hind brain
Cervical flexure
What flexure forms when the cervical and cranial flexure fold over each other
The pontine flexure (forms in the pons)
What shape are the lateral ventricles and what do they form around
a C shape (on both sides of brain)
Around the diencephalon
What forms the floor of the lateral ventricles
A caudate nucleus (part of basal ganglia )
How do fibres pass through the nuclei of basal ganglia & diencephalon
Internal capsule
What are basal ganglia
a collection of cell bodies at the base of the brain (cluster of grey matter)
Where does the spinal cord come from
Tail end of the neural tube
Where in spinal cord are alar plates
The posterior horns
Where in the spinal cord are basal plates
The anterior horns
where are the lateral horns
In-between the anterior and posterior horns
autonomic nerves
What are alar and basal plates made from
Cell bodies (as more connections are made white matter= fibres and axons build up around them)
What are efferent axons
Come out the CNS–> peripheral
Motor
Axons grow off the anterior horns (ventral root)
What are afferent axons
Form from neural crest cells
Cell bodies within the dorsal ganglia
Axon growth migrates into posterior horns (dorsal root)
What are nerves called going into and out of the cranium & how many
cranial nerves 12
What are the parasympathetic cranial nerves called?
Cranial-sacral nerves
what are Sympathetic nerves called
thoracolumbar (thoracic and lumbar areas of the spine)
Which arch is vagus
4th
Which arch is glossopharyngeal
3rd
Which arch is facial
2nd
Which arch is trigeminal
1st
