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Block 5 ellen > Anatomy of the nervous system > Flashcards

Anatomy of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle does the somatic nervous system control

A

skeletal

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2
Q

What muscle does the autonomic nervous system control

A

smooth and cardiac muscle, glands

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3
Q

How many neurons in the somatic pathway

A

often a single motor neuron

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4
Q

How many efferent neurons in the autonomic nervous system

A

2
pre-ganglion (in CNS)
Post-ganglion

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5
Q

What neurotransmitter is in the somatic system

A

acetyl choline

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6
Q

What neurotransmitters are in the autonomic nervous system

A

acetyl choline and noradrenaline

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7
Q

What type of impulses are in the somatic nervous system

A

always excitatory

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8
Q

What type of impulses are in the autonomic nervous system

A

excitatory and inhibitory

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9
Q

4 things the autonomic nervous system controls

A

Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
Reproductive system
homeostasis

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10
Q

2 main sub divisions of the Autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic

parasympathetic

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11
Q

What type of outflow is parasympathetic

A

craniosacral

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12
Q

name the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons

A

cranial nerve 3,7,9, 10

Sacral S2, S3, S4

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13
Q

In the parasympathetic what size are the pre-ganglion neurons

A

long

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14
Q

Where is the ganglion situated in the parasympathetic

A

close to, on or in the effector organ

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15
Q

What size are the postganglion neurons of the PSNS

A

Short

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16
Q

Parasympathetic can be described as being

A

secretor motor

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17
Q

What are both neurotransmitters in the parasympathetic pathway (PreG-postG and PostG-effector)

A

acetyl choline

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18
Q

Whats the difference between the pre-G-postG and post-G-effector synapse parasympathetic

A 
PreG-PostG= nicotinic receptors 
PostG-effector= muscarinic receptors
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19
Q

What are the receptors PostG-effector parasympathetic

A

Muscarinic

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20
Q

What is the difference between nicotinic and muscarinic stimulation

A

muscarinic is longer lasting

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21
Q

Where does the 3rd cranial nerve run to

A

pupils (PS)

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22
Q

Where does the 7th cranial nerve run to

A

submadibular and sublingual glands

lacrimal and nasal glands (PS)

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23
Q

where does the 9th cranial nerve run to

A

the parotid gland (PS)

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24
Q

where does the 10th cranial nerve run to

A

vagus (all over) (PS)

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25
Q

where do S2,S3,S4 sacral PS outflow supply

A

hind gut —> colon, kidney, bladder, sex organs

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26
Q

what does secretor motor mean (PS)

A

causes secretion to glands and has a primary motor function on muscle (apart from heart where it reduces)

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27
Q

Name 5 Parasympathetic effects

A 
Constricts pupils 
constricts airways
stimulates digestion 
Stimulates bladder contraction 
Stimulates penile erection
28
Q

pre-G nerves PS do NOT travels in

A

spinal nerves or rami communicantes

29
Q

The sympathetic nervous system is from

A

T1-L2 (thoracolumbar)

30
Q

Sympathetic size of preG neurons

A

short

31
Q

sympathetic size of postG neurons

A

Long

32
Q

Where do sympathetic preG come out the spinal cord

A

through the ventral roots

33
Q

What happens when sympathetic PreG come out the spinal cord

A

they synapse in the sympathetic chsin

34
Q

What nerves from the white ramus (myelinated) (sympathetic)

A

the pre-ganglion nerves

35
Q

What nerves form the grey ramus

A

Post ganglions , originally unmyelinated but become myelinated

36
Q

What is the type of effect in the sympathetic Nervous system based on

A

dependant on the type of receptor and the type of neurotransmitter

37
Q

Which sympathetic nerves don’t synapse through the ganglion (run as PreG)

A

thoracic splanchnic

38
Q

Where does the greater splanchnic nerve run to supply

A

the celiac ganglion —> foregut

39
Q

Where does the lesser splanchnic nerve run to supply

A

superior mesenteric ganglion

40
Q

Where does the least splanchnic nerve run to supply

A

the inferior mesenteric ganglion

41
Q

What are the vast majority of sympathetic neurotransmitters

A

ACh and noradrenaline (can be very varied though)

42
Q

how can noradrenaline be released

A

locally or into the circulation

43
Q

general sympathetic effect

A

wide spread and long lasting, fight or flight

44
Q

5 sympathetic effects

A 
dilates pupils 
dilates airways
accelerates heart rate
stimulates glucose production and release
stimulates ejaculation
45
Q

Horners syndrome=

A

disruption of sympathetic supply to eye and face

46
Q

3 affects of horners syndrome

A

ptosis
miosis
anhydrosis

47
Q

Ptosis=

A

lazy upper eye

48
Q

miosis=

A

constricted pupil

49
Q

anhydrosis=

A

lack of sweating (dry face)

50
Q

Most common cause of horners syndrome

A

tumour in apex of lung

51
Q

the pathway for horners syndrome=

A

ipsilateral

52
Q

What nerve supplies the parotid salivary gland

A

auriculotemporal nerve (ultimately glossopharyngeal nerve)

53
Q

Most blood vessels are innervated by the

A

sympathetic nervous system only

54
Q

most viscera innervated by

A

both PS and S

55
Q

In genitalia function what innervates

A

S and PS cooperate

56
Q

How do cortical centres influence autonomic functioning

A

via limbic system

57
Q

Bladder function is complex bc;

A

complex interplay of sensory, voluntary motor, involuntary motor at multiple spinal levels

58
Q

What innervates pelvic floor muscles

A

Anterior horn cells S2-S4

59
Q

UMN lesion result in a _____ bladder

A

spastic bladder

60
Q

a LMN lesion results in a ______ bladder

A

flaccid

61
Q

The LMN to affect the bladder occurs in the

A

sacral spinal cord and cauda equina

62
Q

lesions affecting the bladder have to be

A

bilateral

63
Q

Brown sequard syndrome=

A

hemisection

64
Q

brown sequard syndrome =

A

ipsilateral loss of touch, proprioception, vibration (DCML)

Contralateral loss of pain and temp (spinothalamic)

65
Q

A complete transection causes

A

loss of movement and all sensation below lesioned segment
Flaccid paralysis becoming spastic
Loss of bladder& rectal sphincter control
Lesions above T10= ineffective cough

Block 5 ellen (17 decks)

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