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Block 5 ellen > Functional regions of the brain > Flashcards

Functional regions of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

Sulci=

A

grooves

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2
Q

Gyri=

A

bumps

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3
Q

What surrounds the central sulcus

A

the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus

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4
Q

What gyrus forms the primary motor cortex

A

precentral gyrus

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5
Q

What gyrus forms the primary somatosensory cortex

A

The postcentral gyrus

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6
Q

What is special about the primary somatosensory and primary motor cortexes

A

they have fibres that bridge the gap over the central sulcus so they can communicate between each other.

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7
Q

Homunculi=

A

arrangement of the body portrayed in the cortex

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8
Q

What is represented most laterally in the hemispheres

A

the head and face

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9
Q

What is represented over the top middle of the hemispheres

A

the trunk

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10
Q

What limbs are represented over the midline of the cortex

A

lower limbs

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11
Q

Where are the upper limbs always represented (except in 2 places)

A

medial to the lower limbs

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12
Q

What places are the lower limbs more medial than the upper limbs

A

the primary sensorimotor cortices and the posterior columns

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13
Q

In the corticospinal tract which tract decussates at the medullary pyramids

A

lateral cortical spinal tract

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14
Q

In the corticospinal tract which tracts don’t decussate in the medulla

A

anterior corticospinal tract

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15
Q

CNS signs and symptoms are usually _______ to the lesion

A

contralateral

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16
Q

PNS signs and symptoms are usually ______to the lesion

A

ipsilateral

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17
Q

What is special about the face

A

it has a split motor neuron
One for upper and lower face
The upper face isn’t affected destroying 1 motor neuron

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18
Q

Cortical or internal capsule lesions give rise to

A

mixed sensory & motor outcomes

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19
Q

For a lesion of the internal capsule to only have unimodal (Motor or sensory not both) it has to be

A

very small

20
Q

Mixed motor and sensory symptoms suggest

A

the lesion is higher up (internal capsule or cortex) or a spinal nerve

21
Q

What is the difference between a cortical lesion of the arm/ leg or a lesion at the pyramidal decussation

A

same symptoms but cortical arm/leg= some sensory + motor issue
pyramid= purely motor

22
Q

in upper motor neuron lesions you get

A

hyperreflexia, hypertonia, spastic paralysis

23
Q

In lower motor neuron lesions you get

A

hyporeflexia, fasciculations, flaccid paralysis

24
Q

Lesions in the thalamus are always

A

contralateral (have lots of effects, sensory and motor.

25
Q

Most ascending pathways have a synapse in the_____

A

Thalamus

26
Q

What could lesions in the thalamus or cortex cause

A

contralateral hemi-anesthesia

27
Q

What is contralateral hemi-anesthesia

A

losing sensation over the opposite half of the body

28
Q

The vestibular cerebellum is also called

A

Flocculondular system

29
Q

Where is the flocculondular (vestibular cerebellum) found

A

anterior aspect of the cerebellum

30
Q

Another name for the Spinocerebellum

A

Paleocerebellum

31
Q

Where is the spinocerebellum found (paleocerebellum)

A

strips either side of the vermis (anterior part of the hemispheres

32
Q

Another name for the cerebral cerebellum

A

neocerebellum

33
Q

What movements is the vestibular cerebellum important for

A

equilibrium and muscle tone

34
Q

What movements is the spinocerebellum important for

A

propulsive, control/coordination

35
Q

What movements is the cerebral cerebellum important for

A

voluntary movements, driving, walking (learned movements)

36
Q

Name 2 deep cerebellar nuclei

A

Dentate and fastigial

37
Q

Where do outputs from the cerebellum go

A

brainstem cerebral cortex

38
Q

The cerebellar represents the body on each hemisphere

A

ipsilaterally

39
Q

Cerebellar lesions always result in symptoms on the____side

A

same

40
Q

What are movement disorders from basal ganglia dysfunction often referred as

A

extrapyramidal syndromes

41
Q

Do the basal ganglia and cerebellum connect to LMN

A

NO

42
Q

Dorsolateral=

A

distal muscles

43
Q

Ventromedial=

A

proximal muscle s

44
Q

What type of movements does the pyramidal system control

A

voluntary

45
Q

What types of things does the extrampyramidal system control

A

maintain posture and balance
prior motor skills (learned)
Compensatory

Block 5 ellen (17 decks)

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