Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Spinal Localization > Flashcards

Spinal Localization Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vertebral anatomy of dogs and cats?

A

7C, 13T, 7L, 3S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which vertebrae are fused in dogs and cats?

A

Sacral vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are spinal cord nerve segments named by?

A

According to where the spinal nerve exits, not where the neurons live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many cervical spinal cord segments and nerves are there?

A

8 (vs only 7 vertebrae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does the spinal cord or vertebrae end first?

A

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Spinal cord segments are located _____to the vertebrae of the same name

A

Cranial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Axons in the white matter

A

Upper motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Peripheral nerves to muscle

A

Lower motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Loss of proprioception and voluntary movements are assoc. w/disease in which motor neuron segment?

A

Upper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does an UMN disease affect the LMN system?

A

Loss of “descending inhibition” = hypertonia/hyperreflexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proprioceptive deficits, no voluntary motor control, hypotonia and hyporeflexia are assoc. w/disease in which motor neuron segment?

A

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which spinal cord segment has white matter tracts to all 4 limbs?

A

C1-C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which spinal cord segment contains the cervical intumescence and has white matter tracts to the back limbs?

A

C6-T2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which spinal cord segment has white matter tracts to the back limbs only?

A

T3-L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which spinal cord segment contains the lumbar intumescence?

A

L4-S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are intumescences?

A

Location where LMN cell bodies to a limb live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Proprioceptive deficits, paresis/paralysis in all limbs and increased reflexes and tone in all limbs is assoc. w/a lesion in which region?

A

C1-C5

18
Q

CP deficits, paresis/paralysis, decr. reflexes and tone to front limbs but increased reflexes and tone in hind limbs are assoc. w/a lesion in which region?

A

C6-T2

19
Q

Where is LMN for the sympathetic input to the eye located?

A

C8-T12 (in the cervical intumescence)

20
Q

What are clinical signs of Horner’s syndrome?

A

Miosis, ptosis, enophthalmus, 3rd eyelid prolapse

21
Q

If you have a lesion in C8-T12, which side will the Horner’s syndrome eye be on?

A

Ipsilateral sign

22
Q

Normal front legs but CP deficits, paresis/paralysis, and incr. reflexes and tone in back legs are assoc. w/a lesion in which region?

A

T3-L3

23
Q

Normal front legs but CP deficits, paresis/paralysis, and decr. reflexes and tone in back legs are assoc. w/a lesion in which region?

A

L4-S1

24
Q

Which system of bladder innervation is clinically the most important?

A

Somatic system

25
Q

Where is the LMN portion of somatic control to the bladder?

A

S1-S3

26
Q

What part of the bladder does the somatic LMN control?

A

External urethral sphincter (voluntary control)

27
Q

How is the external urethral sphincter affected by UMN disease?

A

Spastic, bladder is full and difficult to express

28
Q

How is the external urethral sphincter affected by LMN disease?

A

Flaccid, bladder does not completely fill b/c urine dribbles out, easy to express

29
Q

Where are anal sphincter LMNs located?

A

S1-S3

30
Q

How will LMN disease affect anal sphincter tone?

A

Decreased tone

31
Q

How will UMN disease affect anal sphincter tone?

A

Spasticity/increased (usually not recognized)

32
Q

Hyperreflexia of spinal reflexes and increased muscle tone are assoc. w/which type of lesion?

A

UMN

33
Q

Decreased/absent spinal reflexes and decreased muscle tone are assoc. w/which type of lesion?

A

LMN

34
Q

If all 4 limbs show UMN signs, where is the lesion?

A

C1-C5

35
Q

LMN signs to thoracic limbs and UMN signs to hind limbs, where is the lesion?

A

C6-T2

36
Q

UMN to hind limbs w/normal thoracic limbs, where is the lesion?

A

T3-L3

37
Q

LMN signs in pelvic limbs, anus, and bladder w/normal thoracic limbs, where is the lesion?

A

L4-S4

38
Q

Dribbling urine, dropping feces, where is the lesion?

A

L4-S4

39
Q

If an animal hasn’t had deep pain sensation for 24h, what is the prognosis?

A

Poor

40
Q

Which nerve provides sympathetic innervation to the bladder?

A

Hypogastric

Neurology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions