Misc Neuro Diseases in Small Animals Flashcards
How do you ddx Listeria from Histophilus (TEME)?
Listeria = mononuclear CSF TEME = neutrophilic CSF
Goats and cattle fed silage are prone to what disease?
Listeria
Why does Listeria like spoiled silage?
Microaerophilic and low pH environment
Dropped lip, no menace/pallpebral, ptosis, drooling, fever, dysphagia are clinical signs of what disease of cattle and goats?
Listeriosis
Which CNs are affected by Listeria?
CN 5/7 (trigeminal/facial)
Will Listeria clinical signs be uni- or bilateral?
Unilateral
How is a fetus affected by Listeria?
Autolysis (abortion)
How do you treat Listeria?
Procaine penicillin
What lesions does Listeria cause in the CNS?
Microabscesses in brainstem and CN roots
How can you ddx TEME from polioencephalomalacia?
TEME has a high fever
What clinical signs of TEME are seen first?
Respiratory
How will a head trauma patient’s mentation be affected?
Obtunded
What is the treatment goal of a head trauma patient?
Minimize intracranial pressure
How do you keep ICP low?
High PaO2
How does a high PaCO2 help keep ICP low?
Keeps cerebral blood flow low w/o causing hypoxia
What is the Cushing’s reflex?
Bradycardia and hypertension in response to ICP
Why does the Cushing’s reflex occur?
Increased ICP = increased BP via vasoconstriction = decreased HR
Why should you not intervene to decrease blood pressure in a head trauma patient?
You might eliminate cerebral blood flow and kill the patient
Usually causes a hypermetric/exaggerated gait and the patient may have a sway
Cerebellar disease
An animal w/hx of progressive tetraparesis, weakly ambulatory, and delayed CP in all 4 feet, and has a megaesophagus on rads has what disease?
Myasthenia gravis
What test do you do to dx myasthenia gravis?
Tensilon test
What drug is used to perform a tensilon test for myasthenia gravis?
Edrophonium
What is coonhound paralysis?
Idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis
What disease is assoc. w/raccoon exposure?
Coonhound paralysis/idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis
Acutely progressive ascending paralysis in pelvic limbs and progressing to forelimbs
Coonhound paralysis/idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis
Diffusely affects all motor nerves
Coonhound paralysis/idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis
Embolus of disc material in the spinal vasculature
Fibrocartilagenous embolism (FCE)
What is the onset of FCE?
Acute
Non-painful myelopathy that still has superficial and deep pain perception and some motor function in the pelvic limbs
FCE
How will patellar and gastrocnemius reflexes be affected by FCE?
Hyperreflexive
Which spinal segment is a FCE usually localized?
T3-L3
What is the prognosis of FCE?
Most get better with nursing care
What is a negative px indicators assoc. w/FCE?
Loss of motor neuron signs
Which breed is predisposed to canine degenerative myelopathy?
GSD
What age of onset does canine degenerative myelopathy present in GSDs?
5-9yo
What disease of GSD is often confused with hip dysplasia?
Canine degenerative myelopathy
Progressive degenerative spinal cord disease that causes random axonal degeneration
Canine degenerative myelopathy
Cervical stenosis/wedging of the vertebral canal, vertebral malalignment, vertebral instability
Cervical spondylopathy
Which dog breeds are predisposed to cervical spondylopathy?
Doberman pinschers, great danes
Which horse breed is predisposed to cervical spondylopathy?
Thoroughbreds
Slowly progressive sporadic ataxia and paresis of all 4 limbs
Cervical spondylopathy
What clinical signs will you see with cervical spondylopathy?
UMN signs to all 4 limbs, delayed CP, neck pain w/ventroflexion
What type of neck pain is assoc. w/cervical spondylopathy?
Pain w/ventroflexion
Which breed is most predisposed to hydrocephalus?
Teacup chihuahua
How does bacteria get to the spinal cord to cause discospondylitis?
Hematogenous spread
What will you see on rads of a discospondylitis cases?
Vertebral endplate lysis
How do you treat discospondylitis?
ID underlying infection, abx, sx if neuro deficits are severe
What type of lesion usually occurs after trauma and causes Horner’s on the affected sign and dragging of the affected limb?
Brachial plexus avulsion
How are CP, motor, and pain in the affected limb altered with a brachial plexus avulsion?
All are absent
How do you treat a brachial plexus avulsion?
Leg amputation
What is a negative px indicator for a brachial plexus avulsion?
Lack of deep pain/motor function
