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Neurology > IVDD > Flashcards

IVDD Flashcards

1
Q

What are clinical signs of IVDD?

A

Progressive lameness, trouble rising, drunken gait, no panniculus

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2
Q

Which breeds are predisposed to Hansen’s Type 1 IVDD?

A

Chondrodystrophics

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3
Q

Acute, painful, emergency form of IVDD

A

Hansen’s Type 1

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4
Q

Chronic, non-painful form of IVDD

A

Hansen’s Type 2

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5
Q

How do you diagnose an IVDD?

A

MRI best

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6
Q

How do you treat IVDD?

A

Laminectomy to relieve disc compression

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7
Q

What is the gelatinous center of a disc?

A

Nucleus pulposus

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8
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus a remnant of?

A

Notochord

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9
Q

What does the nucleus pulposus contain?

A

Glycosaminoglycans

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10
Q

What is the outer portion of the disc called?

A

Annulus fibrosus

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11
Q

What is the annulus fibrosus made of?

A

Multiple crossing layers of fibrous rings

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12
Q

Where is there NOT an intervertebral disc?

A

Between C1-2

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13
Q

Which type of IVDD occurs when the nucleus pulposus loses its water content and becomes calcified?

A

Hansen type 1

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14
Q

Which type of IVDD occurs d/t extrusion of the disc?

A

Hansen type 1

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15
Q

Which type of IVDD occurs d/t protrusion of the disc?

A

Hansen type 2

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16
Q

Which type of IVDD do cats more commonly get?

A

Hansen type 2

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17
Q

Which type of IVDD is seen in younger animals?

A

Hansen type 1

18
Q

Which type of IVDD occurs when the annulus fibrosis degenerates?

A

Hansen type 2

19
Q

Where is disc disease in cats most commonly seen along the spinal cord?

A

Lumbar region

20
Q

Which direction does a disc usually herniate?

A

Dorsally

21
Q

Why is herniation unusual between T2-T10?

A

Intercapital ligament

22
Q

What is the initial clinical sign of IVDD?

A

Pain (but not always present)

23
Q

What is a negative px indicator assoc. w/IVDD

A

Loss of sensation

24
Q

Cutaneous trunci/panniculus reflex is innervated by which nerve?

A

Lateral thoracic nerve

25
Q

Where is the lateral thoracic nerve located?

A

C8-T1

26
Q

What is the main clinical sign of Schiff-Sherington disease?

A

Extensor rigidity of thoracic limbs

27
Q

What causes clinical signs of Schiff-Sherington disease?

A

Loss of function of border cells in lumbar region

28
Q

How do border cells work?

A

Inhibit extensor tone of thoracic limbs

29
Q

What is spinal shock?

A

Temporary loss of tone and reflexes in limbs

30
Q

Progressive destruction of the spinal cord cranial and caudal to the initial site of injury

A

Myelomalacia

31
Q

What is the mechanism of myelomalacia?

A

Unknown

32
Q

What are clinical signs of myelomalacia?

A

Loss of sensation, tone, and reflexes

33
Q

How soon after onset of clinical signs of myelomalacia does a patient usually die?

A

Within 5d of onset

34
Q

What causes death related to myelomalacia?

A

Paralysis of diaphragm (phrenic nerve)

35
Q

In what % of IVDD cases will myelomalacia occur?

A

10%

36
Q

What are radiographic signs of IVDD?

A

Narrow disc spaces, calcified disc in canal, collapsed articular facet

37
Q

How accurate are IVDD radiographs for localizing a lesion?

A

Poor

38
Q

What is the best way to dx IVDD?

A

MRI best, CT, myelography

39
Q

What is a benefit of using MRI to dx IVDD?

A

Best modality to dx other similar conditions and possibly determine prognosis

40
Q

When is surgery indicated?

A

If patient presents w/in 48h of losing sensation of limbs

41
Q

What are medical management options for IVDD?

A

Pain, anti-inflammatories, cage rest, bladder management

42
Q

If owners want to pursue diagnostics later on, should NSAIDs or steroids be given in the meantime?

A

NSAIDs (steroids can alter future diagnostics)

Neurology (19 decks)

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