Spinal Cord Flashcards
Second name of spinal cord
Medulla
In what structure do you find the spinal cord
the vertebral canal upper 2/3
Upper limits of spinal cord
Upper border of atlas
How is the end of the spinal cord called
Conus medullaris
Where does The spinal cord to terminate in adults
Between L1 and L2
Where does the spinal cord terminates at birth
L3
Length of spinal cord
45 cm long in European nails
What is a spinal cord segments
Portion from which a pair of spinal nerves emerge
How many spinal cord segments in the body
31
What are the different type of spinal cord segments
Eight cervical segment 12 thoracic segments five number segment five sacral segment one coccygeal
How many spinal enlargement
2
1 cervical one lumbar
From where to where does the cervical enlargement extends to
From C3 to T2 with maximum- Circumference at c6
Where does the lumbar enlargement extends from
From L1 to S3
Maximum circumference at L3
What is the denticulate filament
Bilateral triangular lateral extensions of pia matter which anchor the spinal cord to the Dura matter
What is the filum terminale
Fibrous bands that extends from the conus medullaris to the posteriorieum of the coccyx which fixates stabilize and buffer the distal spinal cord
What is the spinal nerve roots
Part of the nerve that branches off from the spinal cord and enters into the intervertebral foramen
What are the different fissure of the spinal cord
deep anterior median Fissure
What are the different sulci of spinal cord
Posterior median sulcus
posterior lateral sulcus
posterior intermediate sulcus ( only cervical abd upper thoracic)
Is dorsal root sensory or motor
Sensory
Does the dorsal root have a ganglion
Yes
Is ventral root motor or sensory
Motor
What are the longest nerve root of the spinal cord
Lumbosacral roots
What forms the cauda equina
Lumbosacral roots in the lower part of the subarachnoid space
Where is the grey mater and white matter of the spinal cord
Inner is gray matter
outer is white matter
What is the gray matter of the spinal cord composed of
Nerve cells body
processes
neuroglia
blood vessels
Where is the autonomic nervous system located in gray matter of spinal cord
Lateral horn in the thoracic and and upper lumbar region
What link do white and left side of the gray matter
The gray commissure
What determines the amount of gray matter in spinal cord
The amount of neurons presents at that level
What is the hole in the middle of the grey mater
The central canal
what are the nerve cell groups in the posterior column of the grey mater
Substantia gelatinosa
nucleus propius
nucleu’s dorsalis
visceral afferent nucleus
What is Substantia gelatinosa
Fibers Carrying pain , touch, and temperature information synapse with small neuron fibers of Substantia gelatinosa to carry them to the brain
Also contain descending fibers from Supraspinal levels
Axons gives rise to contralateral spinothalamic tract
What is the nucleus proprius
Receives proprioceptive fibers like position and movement and two points discrimination and vibration from posterior white column through the spinocerebellar tract
What is nucleus dorsalis
Column from C8 to L3 which is associated with proprioceptive endings like neuromuscular and tendon spindle
What is the visceral afferent nucleus
Medium sized cells which form columns from T1 to L3 located lateral to nucleus dorsalis and receives visceral afferent information
Where does the Lateral gray column extends from
From T1 to L3
What is the function of the lateral gray column
Give rise to preganglionic sympathetic fibers
What do you find in the anterior Grey column
Lower motor neurons
of type alpha and gamma efferent neurons
What do the alpha efferent nerves of the interior Grey column innervates
Skeleton muscles
What do the gamma efferent nerves of the interior Grey column innervates
Ultrafusal muscle spindle
What are the divisions of the Anterior Grey column
Medial
central group
lateral
What does the medial division of the anterior grey column innervates
The axial musculature
where is the central group Of the anterior curriculumlocated and what does it innervate
She 34 and five innervates phrenic nucleus
C1-c5 or c6 Innervates accessory nucleus of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Lumbo sacral nucleus L2 to S1
Where is the Lateral division of the enter your great column located and what does innervate
Located in the cervical and lumbar sacral segments
innervates appendicular muscles dorsal flexors and ventral extensors
Where do you find ascending tracts in the white matter
All funiculi
Where do you find descending tracts in the white matter
In the Lateral and Anterior funiculi
Where do you find fasciculus gracilis
In all segments of the cord
Where do you find fasciculus cuneatus
In the upper thoracic and cervical
Where does information of fasciculus Gracilis and cuneatu
In the Gracilis nucleus And cuneatus nucleus In the medulla oblongata
What are the ascending tracts of the Lateral white matter
The Lateral spinothalamic tract
The dorsal spinocerebellar tract
The ventral spinocerebellar tract
The Spino olivary tract
What are the ascending tracts of the anterior white matter
The ventral spinothalamic tract
Where do the descending pathway of the spinal cord to the white matter arise from
From the cerebral cortex the corticospinal tract and the brain stem
What are the function of the descending tracts going to the white matter of the spinal cord
Movements
muscle tone
posture
modulation the spinal reflexes activities
What are the descending tracts of the white matter of the spinal
Lateral corticospinal tract ventral corticospinal tract rubrospinal track Tectospinal tract vestibulospinal tract reticulo spinal tract
What blood vessel supply the spinal cord
The anterior and posterior spinal arteries which branch of vertebral artery
The radicular or segmental medullary arteries which are branches of the intercoastal lumbar and lateral sacral arteries
Dural sac Which is enlargement of subarachnoid space and id present at the l1-l2 level
Lumbar cistern
Sites of lumbar puncture
Lumbar cistern
