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Neurology > Nervous System Infections > Flashcards

Nervous System Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Types of infections of CNS

A

Meningitis
Encephalitis
Abscesses

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2
Q

Part of nervous system affected by pathogen in meningitis

A

Meninges
Membrane lining the Brain
Spinal cord

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3
Q

Which is worse, bacterial or viral meningitis

A

Bacterial

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4
Q

Primary causative agents of neonatal meningitis

A

Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes

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5
Q

More prevalent bacterial meningitis in children

A

Neisseria meningitides

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6
Q

More prevalent bacterial meningitis in adults and elderly

A

Strep pneumoniae

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7
Q

Can hémophilus influenzae cause bacterial meningitis

A

Yes

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8
Q

Can neisseria meningitis cause medical emergency by causing acute fulminant meningitis

A

Yes

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9
Q

Risk at group in N. Meningitides

A

2-18yo

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10
Q

Risk factors N. Meningitides

A

Overcrowded quarters living conditions

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11
Q

Symptoms and signs N. Meningitides

A 
Stiff neck 
High fever 
Headache 
Altered mental status 
Nausea
Vomiting 
Radiculaire pain 
Increased intracranial pressure signs 
Focal neuroglia deficits
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12
Q

Complications of N. Meningitides

A

Water house friderichsen syndrome
DIC
Coma
Rapid death

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13
Q

Diagnosis of N. Meningitides, strep pneumoniae , hemophilus influenzae

A

Physical -> Kernig and brudzinski signs

Lab -> CSF biopsy for bacterial and culture, high neutrophil, high protein , decreased glucose, skin biopsy if petechiae

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14
Q

Is strep pneumoniae as rapid and fulminant as N. Meningitides

A

No

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15
Q

Proportion of survivors that suffer neurological sequalae like deafness, persistent seizures, mental retardation

A

1/3or4

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16
Q

Risk group of hemophilus influenzae

A

Children under 5yo

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17
Q

Means of spread of hemophilus influenzae

A

Direct sinus

Hematogenous spread

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18
Q

Percentage of survivor that sustain permanent neurologic sequalae like deafness and mental retardation

A

15-35%

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19
Q

Group B strep that is leading cause of meningitis in neonates

A

Strep agalactiae

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20
Q

Transmission of Strep agalactiae

A

Vertical transmission during birth
Community
Nosocomial

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21
Q

Risk factors Strep agalactiae

A

Prematurity
Low birth weight
Preterm labor
Premature or prolonged rupture of membranes
Previous infants affected with Strep agalactiae
Intrapartum fever
History of maternal Strep agalactiae infection

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22
Q

Symptoms Strep agalactiae infection s

A

Non specific Meningitis in newborn

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23
Q

Diagnosis of Strep agalactiae in infants

A

If Fever above 38degrees -> LP to search since there’s no specific symptoms

Latex agglutination test

24
Q

Transmission of E. coli

A

Vertical transmission

25
Q

Risk factors E. coli

A

Prematurity

Low birth weight

26
Q

Symptoms E. coli meningitis

A 
Fever
Irritability 
Failure to thrive 
Focal neurologic deficits 
Decreased feedings 
Vomiting 
Jaundice 
Seizures
Apnea 
Neurologic sequalae
27
Q

Diagnosis of E. coli meningitis

A 
Blood culture 
Throat swab 
CBC 
PCR 
ESR
C reactive protein 
Urinalysis 
CSF , latex agglutination
28
Q

Patients at risk of listeria monocytogenes

A 
Birth to 3 months
Patients above 65yo
Immunocompromised 
Pregnant women 
Alcoholics
29
Q

Are brain abscess possible in listeria monocytogenes

A

Yes

30
Q

Common source of listeria monocytogenes

A

Dairy products
Unpasteurized milk
Soft cheese

31
Q

Neonatal infection with listeria monocytogenes transmission

A

Birth canal

Transplacental infection

32
Q

Risk factors listeria monocytogenes

A

Prematurity

Birth weight

33
Q

Symptoms listeria monocytogenes

A 
Fever
Nuchal rigidity 
Headache 
Irritability 
Poor feeding 
Lethargy 
Seizures
34
Q

Prognosis of listeria monocytogenes, E. coli , GBS

A

Good but morbidity high

35
Q

Is mortality higher in elderly or neonate

A

Yes

36
Q

Person at risk of mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Immunocompromised

HIV

37
Q

Signs of mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Same as in meningitis

38
Q

Pathogens in fungal meningitis

A 
Cryptococcus neoformans 
Candida albicans 
Histoplasm capsulatum
Blastomycoses
Coccidiodes immitis
39
Q

Risk factors of fungal meningitis

A

Immunocompromised
Pigeon droppings
Smoking

40
Q

Viral meningitis mild or severe

A

Mild and clear on its own

41
Q

People at risk of severe viral meningitis

A

Viral meningitis

42
Q

Viruses in viral meningitis

A 
Non polio enteroviruses
HSV
EBV
Varicella zoster 
Measles 
Influenza 
HIV
West Nile virus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
43
Q

What is encephalitis

A

Inflammation due to infection on the brain parenchyma

44
Q

Most common agents in encephalitis

A 
Viruses
HSV
CMV
Enteroviruses 
Mumps 
Varicella 
Rotavirus 
Flavivirus
45
Q

Bacteria causes of encephalitis

A

Treponema pallidum

Tuberculosis

46
Q

Protozoan in encephalitis

A

Amoeba

47
Q

Diagnosis encephalitis

A 
Travel history 
tick or mosquito bite exposure 
immunocompromised status 
organ transplant history 
MRI
48
Q

Symptoms of neurosyphilis enceophalitis

A 
Cranial nerve abnormalities 
meningismal signs 
psychiatric disturbances 
movement disorders 
hearing loss 
dementia 
stroke like syndrome 
seizures
49
Q

Diagnosis of neurosyphilis encephalitis

A

Csf VDRl

fluorescent trepanomalmantibody absorption testing of CFS

50
Q

Symptoms of HSV encephalitis

A 
Fever 
headache 
memory loss 
AMS
 confusion
51
Q

Sequelae of encephalitis in HSV

A

Delirium agitation
withdrawal
hallucinations

52
Q

Diagnosis of HSV encephalitis

A

LP
imaging of the brain
PCR of CSF

53
Q

Symptoms of west Nile encephalitis

A

Non-specific flu like symptoms

54
Q

Diagnosis of west Nile encephalitis

A

Eliza detection

55
Q

Treatment of west Nike encephalitis

A

No antiviral therapy

Neurology (31 decks)

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