Diencephalon

Question 1

4 structures of diencephalon

Answer 1

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Épithalamus
Subthalamus

Question 2

Structures formed by diencephalon of neural tube

Answer 2

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Posterior part of pituitary gland
Pineal gland

Question 3

Epithalamus location

Answer 3

Dorsal part of diencephalon

Question 4

Epithalamus composition

Answer 4

Pineal body
Habenular nuclei
Caudal commissure

Question 5

Roof of third ventricle

Answer 5

Epithalamus

Question 6

Epithalamus function

Answer 6

Autonomic - respiratory , cardiovascular
Endocrine (thyroid )
Reproduction (mating, postpartum )

Question 7

Hormone secreted by pineal gland

Answer 7

Melatonin

Question 8

Subthalamus location

Answer 8

Ventral to thalamus

Lateral to hypothalamus

Question 9

Subthalamus function

Answer 9

Rhythmic movement

Question 10

Stimulation of this part of the brain causes most effective treatment for late stage Parkinson’s disease

Answer 10

Subthalamus

Question 11

Largest component of diencephalon (80%)

Answer 11

Thalamus

Question 12

Parts of thalamus

Answer 12

2 ends -> Anterior end , Posterior end ( pulvinar )

4 surfaces 
Superior surface
Inferior surface
Medial surface 
Lateral surface

Question 13

3 parts of thalamus

Answer 13

Anterior
Medial
Lateral

Question 14

Large nuclei in thalamus

Answer 14

Lateral geniculate (vision)
Medial geniculate (hearing)

Question 15

Sensory function of thalamus

Answer 15

Sensory input from all sensory pathways except olfaction

Relay sensory information to cerebral cortex

Question 16

Thalamus function

Answer 16

Sensory
Motor (relay from basal ganglia , cerebellum)
Emotion / memory
Consciousness

Question 17

Is there cortical feedback to thalamus

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Sheet of myelinated fibers dividing thalamus into four major divisions

Answer 18

Internal medullary lamina

Question 19

Nucleus in anterior division of thalamus

Answer 19

Anterior nucleus

Question 20

Nucleus in medial division of thalamus

Answer 20

Dorsomedial nucleus

Question 21

Lateral division of thalamus nucleu s

Answer 21

Dorsal (Lateral dorsal , Lateral posterior, Pulvinar)

Ventral (ventral anterior, ventral lateral, ventral posterior)

Question 22

Anatomical division of thalamus

Answer 22

Medical geniculate nucleus
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Intralaminar nuclei
Reticular nucleus

Question 23

Thalamic stroke presentation

Answer 23

Coma
Loss of consciousness 
Attention 
Arousal 
Widespread disruption 
Severe cognitivee deficits

Question 24

Hypothalamus location

Answer 24

Ventral part of diencephalon

Question 25

3 function of hypothalamus

Answer 25

Endocrine
Limbic
Autonomic

Question 26

Homeostatic imbalance caused by hypothalamus

Answer 26

Hunger/ satiety
Thirst
Sexual behavior and reproduction

Question 27

Hypothalamus regions

Answer 27

Supraoptic regions
Tuberal region
Mamillary region

Question 28

Pituitary gland part

Answer 28

Neurohypophysis

Adenohypophysis

Question 29

How does hypothalamus control endocrine system

Answer 29

Secrete ADH and oxytocin via posterior pituitary gland

Release of releasing or release-inhibiting factors into hypophyseal portal to stimulate pituitary gland