Spinal #2 Flashcards by Weston Squires

Which best describes the typical plane of articulation of an apophyseal joint between midthoracic vertebra?

A. Transverse

B. Coronal

C. Horizontal

D. Sagittal

Coronal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are the joints of “Lushka” located on the C2 and C7 vertebra?

A. Body

B. Pedicle lamina junction

C. Inferior articular processes

D. Superior articular processes

Body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The sacroiliac joint is considered to be which type of joint?

A. Synarthrosis

B. Syndesmosis

C. Diarthrosis

D. Amphiarthrosis

Amphiarthrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The superior articular facets of ____ are directed posterior and medial:

A. C2

B. T6

C. T12

D. L3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a freely moveable articulation?

A. Diarthrosis

B. Amphiarthrosis

C. Syndesmosis

D. Synarthrosis

Diarthrosis

*Amphiarthrosis - Slight-Functional Class

Syndesmosis - Slight-Functional Class: example- ulna/radius

Synarthrosis - Movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The superior facet orientation for a typical thoracic vertebra is:

A. Posterior and lateral

B. Anterior and medial

C. Anterior and lateral

D. Posterior and medial

Posterior and Lateral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The zygopophyseal facets at C4 and C5 form what degree angle with the horizontal plane?

A. 15

B. 45

C. 60

D. 75

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following limits lateral flexion of the thoracic spine?

A. Facet orientation

B. Rib approximation

C. Interspinous ligament

D. Posterior ligament

Rib Approximation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which vertebral articulation is found in a sagittal plane?

A. Cervical

B. Thoracic

C. Lumbar

D. Sacral

Lumbar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which rib only articulates with the manubrium sterni?

A. 1st

B. 2nd

C. 5th

D. 7th

1st

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The primary weight bearing portion of the atlas is:

A. Lateral mass

B. Body

C. Lamina

D. Posterior arch

Lateral mass

atlas does not have a body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The mobility of the sacrococcygeal joint is most critical during:

A. Hyperextension of the lower extremities

B. Adolescent growth

C. Childbirth

D. Rotation of the lumbar spine

Childbirth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

___ describes the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic vertebra:

A. Kidney shaped

B. Heart shaped

C. Circular

D. Triangular

Circular

Thoracic V. Body= Heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which spinal structure is most susceptible to damage from axial compression loading?

A. Cartilaginous endplate

B. Vertebral body

C. Nucleus pulposus

D. Posterior arch

Vertebral Body

*remember Nucleus Pulposus resists compression

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What structure is primarily responsible for movement of the vertebral column?

A. Demifacet

B. Vertebral end plate

C. Articular facet

D. Transverse process

Articular facet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which condition causes asymmetrical movement of a motion segment?

A. Spondylolisthesis

B. Tropism

C. Sacralization

D. Lumbarization

Tropism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vertebral segment has the least amount of lateral flexion?

A. L1-L2

B. L2-L3

C. L4-L5

D. L5-S1

L5-S1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is NOT included in the circle of Willis?

A. Superior cerebral artery

B. Posterior cerebral artery

C. Anterior communicating artery

D. Posterior communicating artery

Superior Cerebral Artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which artery supplies the visual cortex?

A. Anterior cerebral artery

B. Middle cerebral artery

C. Posterior cerebral artery

D. Ophthalmic artery

Posterior Cerebral Artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The primary somesthetic area in the cerebral cortex is located in the ____ gyrus:

A. Inferior frontal

B. Postcentral gyrus

C. Precentral gyrus

D. Superior temporal

Postcentral Gyrus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What connects the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies?

A. Fornix

B. Arcuate fasciculus

C. Stria vascularis

D. Anterior commissure

Fornix

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which ganglion sends axons to the tractus solitarius?

A. Pterygopalatine

B. Otic

C. Submandibular

D. Geniculate

Geniculate

*taste components of CN 7, 9, 10

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is in the frontal lobe?

A. Broca

B. Audition

C. Somatosensory

D. Wernicke’s

Broca

*speech area

remember boca is spanish for mouth, and your BROCA helps you use your boca

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The pyramidal decussation occurs in:

A. Medulla

B. Pons

C. Midbrain

D. Spinal cord

Medulla (M.O.)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a nucleus of the cerebellum? A. Embelliform B. Cuneatus C. Pulvinaris D. Pulposus

Embelliform

The connection between the cerebrum and the cerebellum is the: A. Olive B. Tentorium cerebelli C. Septum pellucidum D. Superior cerebellar peduncle

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Axons to the cerebellum come from the following brain stem nuclei: A. Nucleus gracilis B. Inferior olivary nucleus C. Edinger Westphal nucleus D. Otic nucleus

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

Conscious proprioception is NOT found in which tract? A. Fasciculus gracilis B. Dorsal columns C. Posterior columns D. Lateral spinothalamic

Lateral Spinothalamic *pain and temp

The caudate and putamen output to which structure? A. Globus pallidus B. Thalamus C. Amygdala D. Hypothalamus

Globus Pallidus

The inferior boundary of the lumbar subarachnoid cistern is located at which vertebral level? A. T12 B. S5 C. L2 D. S2

Non-myelinated axons are located in the ____ of the spinal cord: A. Fasciculus gracilis B. Spinocerebellar tract C. Dorsolateral fasciculus D. Spinoreticular tract

Dorsolateral Fasciculus

The greatest transverse diameter of the spinal cord occurs at the ____ vertebral level: A. C1-C2 B. C5-C6 C. T5 D. L1-L2

C5/C6 *C6 level the largest cervical enlargement for brachial plexus

The epidural space in the vertebral column contains: A. Arachnoid villi B. Cerebrospinal fluid C. Arterial vasocorona D. Internal vertebral venous plexus

Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus

The nucleus in the wall of the lateral ventricle is which of the following? A. Hypothalamus B. Caudate C. Globus pallidus D. Fornix

Caudate

Which tract decussates as the white commissure? A. Posterior spinocerebellar B. Vestibulospinal C. Spinothalamic D. Rubrospinal

Spinothalamic

Where is the cerebrospinal fluid absorbed into the blood stream? A. Cisterna anbiens B. Arachnoid granulations C. Fourth ventricle D. Choroid plexus

Arachnoid granulations

Which of the following drains the cranium to the dural venous sinus? A. Basal B. Diploic C. Transverse D. Great cerebral

Great Cerebral

The blood supply to the primary somatosensory cortex is supplied by which cerebral artery? A. Anterior and middle B. Anterior only C. Posterior only D. Anterior and posterior

Anterior and Middle

The arterial supply to the dura mater is via the ____ artery: A. Anterior spinal B. Vertebral C. Recurrent meningeal D. Middle meningeal

Middle Meningeal

Which area lacks lymph nodules? A. Tonsils B. Appendix C. Lymph nodes D. Thymus

Thymus

What foramen is located between the lateral ventricle? A. Median foramen of magendie B. Interventricular foramen of Monro C. Lateral foramen of "Lushka" D. Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

Interventricular foramen of Monro *btwn two lateral ventricles **Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius= btwn 3rd and 4th ventricle

Where is the cerebral aqueduct located? A. Pons B. Medulla C. Diencephalon D. Mesencephalon

Mesencephalon *in midbrain and connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

The myencephalon and metencephalon both are derived from: A. Prosencephalon B. Rhombencephalon C. Mesencephalon D. Diencephalon

Rhombencephalon

The notochord is embryologically derived from: A. Ectoderm B. Mesoderm C. Neural crest D. Neural tube

Mesoderm **Respiratory tract and gut = Endoderm ***N or Skin = Ectoderm

The medulla oblongata is derived from the: A. Metencephalon B. Mesencephalon C. Diencephalon D. Myelencephalon

Myelencephalon

The hypothalamus is derived from: A. Diencephalon B. Metencephalon C. Myelencephalon D. Telencephalon

Diencephalon

The myelin cover in the central nervous system is produced by which cells? A. Oligodendroglia B. Neural crest C. Schwann D. Ependymal

Oligodendroglia **if PNS= Schwann cells

In the central nervous system which cell acts as a fibrocyte? A. Astrocyte B. Ependymal C. Purkinje D. Golgi

Astrocyte *also the most numerous

The production of cerebrospinal fluid is mainly the function of which cell? A. Ependymal B. Astroglial C. Oligodendroglia D. Microglial

Ependymal

The 4th lumbar spinal nerve exits between which two vertebra? A. L2-L3 B. L3-L4 C. L4-L5 D. L5-S1

L4-L5 *exits below the vertebrae

Which of the following is composed of fibers from the lumbar plexus? A. Common peroneal B. Tibial C. Femoral D. Posterior femoral cutaneous

Femoral *common peroneal= Sciatic (lower) * * Tibial- Sciatic (lower) * ** Femoral- L2-L4

Which nerve is a branch off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? A. Axillary B. Musculocutaneous C. Ulnar D. Median

Axillary * Musculocutaneous= lateral cord * *Ulnar= Medial cord * **Median= Lateral and Medial cords

What is NOT in the cervical plexus? A. Lesser occipital B. Greater occipital C. Greater auricular D. Supraclavicular

Greater Occipital

What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscle? A. CN VII B. Cervical plexus C. CN VI D. Brachial plexus

Cervical Plexus

The sacral plexus lies on the anterior portion of: A. Psoas major B. Piriformis C. Iliacus D. Obturator internus

Piriformis *remember sciatic nerve issues could be bc of compression via piriformis spastcity

Which of the following is the proper sequence of structures that make up the brachial plexus? A. Division, trunk, cord, root B. Trunk, root, division, cord C. Root, division, cord, trunk D. Root, trunk, division, cord & branches

root, trunk, division, cord, branches "real texans drink cold beer"

What nerve does NOT pass through the superior orbital fissure? A. Oculomotor nerve B. Abducens nerve C. Trochlear nerve D. Mandibular nerve

Mandibular N.= foramen ovale "Come on sofia sofia sofia, roll over sofia, I Am in a mood (for) Jugs jugs jugs hello"

The accessory and glossopharyngeal nerves pass through which openings? A. Jugular foramen B. Foramen rotundum C. Hypoglossal canal D. Foramen spinosum

Jugular foramen

What is found in front of the costovertebral body? A. Sympathetic chain ganglion B. Thoracic duct C. Phrenic nerve D. Esophagus

Sympathetic Chain ganglion

The only cranial nerve to exit at the dorsal aspect of the brain stem is: A. Spinal accessory B. Trochlear C. Abducens D. Oculomotor

Trochlear

The esophageal plexus is derived from which nerves? A. Lesser Splanchnic B. Greater Splanchnic C. Vagus D. Hypoglossal

Vagus

Which of the spinal cord levels carry most of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons that directly innervate the adrenal medulla? A. T1-T4 B. T5-T9 C. T10-L1 D. S2-S4

T5-T9

Autonomic innervation to the heart is via the lateral horn located in which areas of the spine? A. C4-C7 B. T1-T5 C. T7-T11 D. L2-L4

T1-T5