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B1 > Spinal #2 > Flashcards

Spinal #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which best describes the typical plane of articulation of an apophyseal joint between midthoracic vertebra?

A. Transverse

B. Coronal

C. Horizontal

D. Sagittal

A

Coronal

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2
Q

Where are the joints of “Lushka” located on the C2 and C7 vertebra?

A. Body

B. Pedicle lamina junction

C. Inferior articular processes

D. Superior articular processes

A

Body

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3
Q

The sacroiliac joint is considered to be which type of joint?

A. Synarthrosis

B. Syndesmosis

C. Diarthrosis

D. Amphiarthrosis

A

Amphiarthrosis

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4
Q

The superior articular facets of ____ are directed posterior and medial:

A. C2

B. T6

C. T12

D. L3

A

L3

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5
Q

Which of the following is a freely moveable articulation?

A. Diarthrosis

B. Amphiarthrosis

C. Syndesmosis

D. Synarthrosis

A

Diarthrosis

*Amphiarthrosis - Slight-Functional Class

Syndesmosis - Slight-Functional Class: example- ulna/radius

Synarthrosis - Movement

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6
Q

The superior facet orientation for a typical thoracic vertebra is:

A. Posterior and lateral

B. Anterior and medial

C. Anterior and lateral

D. Posterior and medial

A

Posterior and Lateral

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7
Q

The zygopophyseal facets at C4 and C5 form what degree angle with the horizontal plane?

A. 15

B. 45

C. 60

D. 75

A

45

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8
Q

Which of the following limits lateral flexion of the thoracic spine?

A. Facet orientation

B. Rib approximation

C. Interspinous ligament

D. Posterior ligament

A

Rib Approximation

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9
Q

Which vertebral articulation is found in a sagittal plane?

A. Cervical

B. Thoracic

C. Lumbar

D. Sacral

A

Lumbar

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10
Q

Which rib only articulates with the manubrium sterni?

A. 1st

B. 2nd

C. 5th

D. 7th

A

1st

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11
Q

The primary weight bearing portion of the atlas is:

A. Lateral mass

B. Body

C. Lamina

D. Posterior arch

A

Lateral mass

  • atlas does not have a body
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12
Q

The mobility of the sacrococcygeal joint is most critical during:

A. Hyperextension of the lower extremities

B. Adolescent growth

C. Childbirth

D. Rotation of the lumbar spine

A

Childbirth

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13
Q

___ describes the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic vertebra:

A. Kidney shaped

B. Heart shaped

C. Circular

D. Triangular

A

Circular

Thoracic V. Body= Heart

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14
Q

Which spinal structure is most susceptible to damage from axial compression loading?

A. Cartilaginous endplate

B. Vertebral body

C. Nucleus pulposus

D. Posterior arch

A

Vertebral Body

*remember Nucleus Pulposus resists compression

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15
Q

What structure is primarily responsible for movement of the vertebral column?

A. Demifacet

B. Vertebral end plate

C. Articular facet

D. Transverse process

A

Articular facet

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16
Q

Which condition causes asymmetrical movement of a motion segment?

A. Spondylolisthesis

B. Tropism

C. Sacralization

D. Lumbarization

A

Tropism

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17
Q

What vertebral segment has the least amount of lateral flexion?

A. L1-L2

B. L2-L3

C. L4-L5

D. L5-S1

A

L5-S1

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18
Q

Which of the following is NOT included in the circle of Willis?

A. Superior cerebral artery

B. Posterior cerebral artery

C. Anterior communicating artery

D. Posterior communicating artery

A

Superior Cerebral Artery

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19
Q

Which artery supplies the visual cortex?

A. Anterior cerebral artery

B. Middle cerebral artery

C. Posterior cerebral artery

D. Ophthalmic artery

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery

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20
Q

The primary somesthetic area in the cerebral cortex is located in the ____ gyrus:

A. Inferior frontal

B. Postcentral gyrus

C. Precentral gyrus

D. Superior temporal

A

Postcentral Gyrus

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21
Q

What connects the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies?

A. Fornix

B. Arcuate fasciculus

C. Stria vascularis

D. Anterior commissure

A

Fornix

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22
Q

Which ganglion sends axons to the tractus solitarius?

A. Pterygopalatine

B. Otic

C. Submandibular

D. Geniculate

A

Geniculate

*taste components of CN 7, 9, 10

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23
Q

Which of the following is in the frontal lobe?

A. Broca

B. Audition

C. Somatosensory

D. Wernicke’s

A

Broca

*speech area

remember boca is spanish for mouth, and your BROCA helps you use your boca

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24
Q

The pyramidal decussation occurs in:

A. Medulla

B. Pons

C. Midbrain

D. Spinal cord

A

Medulla (M.O.)

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25
Q

Which of the following is a nucleus of the cerebellum?

A. Embelliform

B. Cuneatus

C. Pulvinaris

D. Pulposus

A

Embelliform

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26
Q

The connection between the cerebrum and the cerebellum is the:

A. Olive

B. Tentorium cerebelli

C. Septum pellucidum

D. Superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

27
Q

Axons to the cerebellum come from the following brain stem nuclei:

A. Nucleus gracilis

B. Inferior olivary nucleus

C. Edinger Westphal nucleus

D. Otic nucleus

A

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

28
Q

Conscious proprioception is NOT found in which tract?

A. Fasciculus gracilis

B. Dorsal columns

C. Posterior columns

D. Lateral spinothalamic

A

Lateral Spinothalamic

*pain and temp

29
Q

The caudate and putamen output to which structure?

A. Globus pallidus

B. Thalamus

C. Amygdala

D. Hypothalamus

A

Globus Pallidus

30
Q

The inferior boundary of the lumbar subarachnoid cistern is located at which vertebral level?

A. T12

B. S5

C. L2

D. S2

A

S2

31
Q

Non-myelinated axons are located in the ____ of the spinal cord:

A. Fasciculus gracilis

B. Spinocerebellar tract

C. Dorsolateral fasciculus

D. Spinoreticular tract

A

Dorsolateral Fasciculus

32
Q

The greatest transverse diameter of the spinal cord occurs at the ____ vertebral level:

A. C1-C2

B. C5-C6

C. T5

D. L1-L2

A

C5/C6

*C6 level the largest
cervical enlargement for brachial plexus

33
Q

The epidural space in the vertebral column contains:

A. Arachnoid villi

B. Cerebrospinal fluid

C. Arterial vasocorona

D. Internal vertebral venous plexus

A

Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus

34
Q

The nucleus in the wall of the lateral ventricle is which of the following?

A. Hypothalamus

B. Caudate

C. Globus pallidus

D. Fornix

A

Caudate

35
Q

Which tract decussates as the white commissure?

A. Posterior spinocerebellar

B. Vestibulospinal

C. Spinothalamic

D. Rubrospinal

A

Spinothalamic

36
Q

Where is the cerebrospinal fluid absorbed into the blood stream?

A. Cisterna anbiens

B. Arachnoid granulations

C. Fourth ventricle

D. Choroid plexus

A

Arachnoid granulations

37
Q

Which of the following drains the cranium to the dural venous sinus?

A. Basal

B. Diploic

C. Transverse

D. Great cerebral

A

Great Cerebral

38
Q

The blood supply to the primary somatosensory cortex is supplied by which cerebral artery?

A. Anterior and middle

B. Anterior only

C. Posterior only

D. Anterior and posterior

A

Anterior and Middle

39
Q

The arterial supply to the dura mater is via the ____ artery:

A. Anterior spinal

B. Vertebral

C. Recurrent meningeal

D. Middle meningeal

A

Middle Meningeal

40
Q

Which area lacks lymph nodules?

A. Tonsils

B. Appendix

C. Lymph nodes

D. Thymus

A

Thymus

41
Q

What foramen is located between the lateral ventricle?

A. Median foramen of magendie

B. Interventricular foramen of Monro

C. Lateral foramen of “Lushka”

D. Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

A

Interventricular foramen of Monro
*btwn two lateral ventricles

**Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius= btwn 3rd and 4th ventricle

42
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct located?

A. Pons

B. Medulla

C. Diencephalon

D. Mesencephalon

A

Mesencephalon

*in midbrain and connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

43
Q

The myencephalon and metencephalon both are derived from:

A. Prosencephalon

B. Rhombencephalon

C. Mesencephalon

D. Diencephalon

A

Rhombencephalon

44
Q

The notochord is embryologically derived from:

A. Ectoderm

B. Mesoderm

C. Neural crest

D. Neural tube

A

Mesoderm

**Respiratory tract and gut = Endoderm

***N or Skin = Ectoderm

45
Q

The medulla oblongata is derived from the:

A. Metencephalon

B. Mesencephalon

C. Diencephalon

D. Myelencephalon

A

Myelencephalon

46
Q

The hypothalamus is derived from:

A. Diencephalon

B. Metencephalon

C. Myelencephalon

D. Telencephalon

A

Diencephalon

47
Q

The myelin cover in the central nervous system is produced by which cells?

A. Oligodendroglia

B. Neural crest

C. Schwann

D. Ependymal

A

Oligodendroglia

**if PNS= Schwann cells

48
Q

In the central nervous system which cell acts as a fibrocyte?

A. Astrocyte

B. Ependymal

C. Purkinje

D. Golgi

A

Astrocyte

*also the most numerous

49
Q

The production of cerebrospinal fluid is mainly the function of which cell?

A. Ependymal

B. Astroglial

C. Oligodendroglia

D. Microglial

A

Ependymal

50
Q

The 4th lumbar spinal nerve exits between which two vertebra?

A. L2-L3

B. L3-L4

C. L4-L5

D. L5-S1

A

L4-L5

*exits below the vertebrae

51
Q

Which of the following is composed of fibers from the lumbar plexus?

A. Common peroneal

B. Tibial

C. Femoral

D. Posterior femoral cutaneous

A

Femoral

*common peroneal= Sciatic (lower)

    • Tibial- Sciatic (lower)
  • ** Femoral- L2-L4
52
Q

Which nerve is a branch off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A. Axillary

B. Musculocutaneous

C. Ulnar

D. Median

A

Axillary

  • Musculocutaneous= lateral cord
  • *Ulnar= Medial cord
  • **Median= Lateral and Medial cords
53
Q

What is NOT in the cervical plexus?

A. Lesser occipital

B. Greater occipital

C. Greater auricular

D. Supraclavicular

A

Greater Occipital

54
Q

What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscle?

A. CN VII

B. Cervical plexus

C. CN VI

D. Brachial plexus

A

Cervical Plexus

55
Q

The sacral plexus lies on the anterior portion of:

A. Psoas major

B. Piriformis

C. Iliacus

D. Obturator internus

A

Piriformis

*remember sciatic nerve issues could be bc of compression via piriformis spastcity

56
Q

Which of the following is the proper sequence of structures that make up the brachial plexus?

A. Division, trunk, cord, root

B. Trunk, root, division, cord

C. Root, division, cord, trunk

D. Root, trunk, division, cord & branches

A

root, trunk, division, cord, branches

“real texans drink cold beer”

57
Q

What nerve does NOT pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A. Oculomotor nerve

B. Abducens nerve

C. Trochlear nerve

D. Mandibular nerve

A

Mandibular N.= foramen ovale

“Come on sofia sofia sofia, roll over sofia, I Am in a mood (for) Jugs jugs jugs hello”

58
Q

The accessory and glossopharyngeal nerves pass through which openings?

A. Jugular foramen

B. Foramen rotundum

C. Hypoglossal canal

D. Foramen spinosum

A

Jugular foramen

59
Q

What is found in front of the costovertebral body?

A. Sympathetic chain ganglion

B. Thoracic duct

C. Phrenic nerve

D. Esophagus

A

Sympathetic Chain ganglion

60
Q

The only cranial nerve to exit at the dorsal aspect of the brain stem is:

A. Spinal accessory

B. Trochlear

C. Abducens

D. Oculomotor

A

Trochlear

61
Q

The esophageal plexus is derived from which nerves?

A. Lesser Splanchnic

B. Greater Splanchnic

C. Vagus

D. Hypoglossal

A

Vagus

62
Q

Which of the spinal cord levels carry most of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons that directly innervate the adrenal medulla?

A. T1-T4

B. T5-T9

C. T10-L1

D. S2-S4

A

T5-T9

63
Q

Autonomic innervation to the heart is via the lateral horn located in which areas of the spine?

A. C4-C7

B. T1-T5

C. T7-T11

D. L2-L4

A

T1-T5

B1 (17 decks)

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