Spinal #2 Flashcards
Which best describes the typical plane of articulation of an apophyseal joint between midthoracic vertebra?
A. Transverse
B. Coronal
C. Horizontal
D. Sagittal
Coronal
Where are the joints of “Lushka” located on the C2 and C7 vertebra?
A. Body
B. Pedicle lamina junction
C. Inferior articular processes
D. Superior articular processes
Body
The sacroiliac joint is considered to be which type of joint?
A. Synarthrosis
B. Syndesmosis
C. Diarthrosis
D. Amphiarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
The superior articular facets of ____ are directed posterior and medial:
A. C2
B. T6
C. T12
D. L3
L3
Which of the following is a freely moveable articulation?
A. Diarthrosis
B. Amphiarthrosis
C. Syndesmosis
D. Synarthrosis
Diarthrosis
*Amphiarthrosis - Slight-Functional Class
Syndesmosis - Slight-Functional Class: example- ulna/radius
Synarthrosis - Movement
The superior facet orientation for a typical thoracic vertebra is:
A. Posterior and lateral
B. Anterior and medial
C. Anterior and lateral
D. Posterior and medial
Posterior and Lateral
The zygopophyseal facets at C4 and C5 form what degree angle with the horizontal plane?
A. 15
B. 45
C. 60
D. 75
45
Which of the following limits lateral flexion of the thoracic spine?
A. Facet orientation
B. Rib approximation
C. Interspinous ligament
D. Posterior ligament
Rib Approximation
Which vertebral articulation is found in a sagittal plane?
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
Lumbar
Which rib only articulates with the manubrium sterni?
A. 1st
B. 2nd
C. 5th
D. 7th
1st
The primary weight bearing portion of the atlas is:
A. Lateral mass
B. Body
C. Lamina
D. Posterior arch
Lateral mass
- atlas does not have a body
The mobility of the sacrococcygeal joint is most critical during:
A. Hyperextension of the lower extremities
B. Adolescent growth
C. Childbirth
D. Rotation of the lumbar spine
Childbirth
___ describes the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic vertebra:
A. Kidney shaped
B. Heart shaped
C. Circular
D. Triangular
Circular
Thoracic V. Body= Heart
Which spinal structure is most susceptible to damage from axial compression loading?
A. Cartilaginous endplate
B. Vertebral body
C. Nucleus pulposus
D. Posterior arch
Vertebral Body
*remember Nucleus Pulposus resists compression
What structure is primarily responsible for movement of the vertebral column?
A. Demifacet
B. Vertebral end plate
C. Articular facet
D. Transverse process
Articular facet
Which condition causes asymmetrical movement of a motion segment?
A. Spondylolisthesis
B. Tropism
C. Sacralization
D. Lumbarization
Tropism
What vertebral segment has the least amount of lateral flexion?
A. L1-L2
B. L2-L3
C. L4-L5
D. L5-S1
L5-S1
Which of the following is NOT included in the circle of Willis?
A. Superior cerebral artery
B. Posterior cerebral artery
C. Anterior communicating artery
D. Posterior communicating artery
Superior Cerebral Artery
Which artery supplies the visual cortex?
A. Anterior cerebral artery
B. Middle cerebral artery
C. Posterior cerebral artery
D. Ophthalmic artery
Posterior Cerebral Artery
The primary somesthetic area in the cerebral cortex is located in the ____ gyrus:
A. Inferior frontal
B. Postcentral gyrus
C. Precentral gyrus
D. Superior temporal
Postcentral Gyrus
What connects the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies?
A. Fornix
B. Arcuate fasciculus
C. Stria vascularis
D. Anterior commissure
Fornix
Which ganglion sends axons to the tractus solitarius?
A. Pterygopalatine
B. Otic
C. Submandibular
D. Geniculate
Geniculate
*taste components of CN 7, 9, 10
Which of the following is in the frontal lobe?
A. Broca
B. Audition
C. Somatosensory
D. Wernicke’s
Broca
*speech area
remember boca is spanish for mouth, and your BROCA helps you use your boca
The pyramidal decussation occurs in:
A. Medulla
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
D. Spinal cord
Medulla (M.O.)
Which of the following is a nucleus of the cerebellum?
A. Embelliform
B. Cuneatus
C. Pulvinaris
D. Pulposus
Embelliform
The connection between the cerebrum and the cerebellum is the:
A. Olive
B. Tentorium cerebelli
C. Septum pellucidum
D. Superior cerebellar peduncle
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
Axons to the cerebellum come from the following brain stem nuclei:
A. Nucleus gracilis
B. Inferior olivary nucleus
C. Edinger Westphal nucleus
D. Otic nucleus
Inferior Olivary Nucleus
Conscious proprioception is NOT found in which tract?
A. Fasciculus gracilis
B. Dorsal columns
C. Posterior columns
D. Lateral spinothalamic
Lateral Spinothalamic
*pain and temp
The caudate and putamen output to which structure?
A. Globus pallidus
B. Thalamus
C. Amygdala
D. Hypothalamus
Globus Pallidus
The inferior boundary of the lumbar subarachnoid cistern is located at which vertebral level?
A. T12
B. S5
C. L2
D. S2
S2
Non-myelinated axons are located in the ____ of the spinal cord:
A. Fasciculus gracilis
B. Spinocerebellar tract
C. Dorsolateral fasciculus
D. Spinoreticular tract
Dorsolateral Fasciculus
The greatest transverse diameter of the spinal cord occurs at the ____ vertebral level:
A. C1-C2
B. C5-C6
C. T5
D. L1-L2
C5/C6
*C6 level the largest
cervical enlargement for brachial plexus
The epidural space in the vertebral column contains:
A. Arachnoid villi
B. Cerebrospinal fluid
C. Arterial vasocorona
D. Internal vertebral venous plexus
Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus
The nucleus in the wall of the lateral ventricle is which of the following?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Caudate
C. Globus pallidus
D. Fornix
Caudate
Which tract decussates as the white commissure?
A. Posterior spinocerebellar
B. Vestibulospinal
C. Spinothalamic
D. Rubrospinal
Spinothalamic
Where is the cerebrospinal fluid absorbed into the blood stream?
A. Cisterna anbiens
B. Arachnoid granulations
C. Fourth ventricle
D. Choroid plexus
Arachnoid granulations
Which of the following drains the cranium to the dural venous sinus?
A. Basal
B. Diploic
C. Transverse
D. Great cerebral
Great Cerebral
The blood supply to the primary somatosensory cortex is supplied by which cerebral artery?
A. Anterior and middle
B. Anterior only
C. Posterior only
D. Anterior and posterior
Anterior and Middle
The arterial supply to the dura mater is via the ____ artery:
A. Anterior spinal
B. Vertebral
C. Recurrent meningeal
D. Middle meningeal
Middle Meningeal
Which area lacks lymph nodules?
A. Tonsils
B. Appendix
C. Lymph nodes
D. Thymus
Thymus
What foramen is located between the lateral ventricle?
A. Median foramen of magendie
B. Interventricular foramen of Monro
C. Lateral foramen of “Lushka”
D. Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
Interventricular foramen of Monro
*btwn two lateral ventricles
**Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius= btwn 3rd and 4th ventricle
Where is the cerebral aqueduct located?
A. Pons
B. Medulla
C. Diencephalon
D. Mesencephalon
Mesencephalon
*in midbrain and connects 3rd and 4th ventricles
The myencephalon and metencephalon both are derived from:
A. Prosencephalon
B. Rhombencephalon
C. Mesencephalon
D. Diencephalon
Rhombencephalon
The notochord is embryologically derived from:
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Neural crest
D. Neural tube
Mesoderm
**Respiratory tract and gut = Endoderm
***N or Skin = Ectoderm
The medulla oblongata is derived from the:
A. Metencephalon
B. Mesencephalon
C. Diencephalon
D. Myelencephalon
Myelencephalon
The hypothalamus is derived from:
A. Diencephalon
B. Metencephalon
C. Myelencephalon
D. Telencephalon
Diencephalon
The myelin cover in the central nervous system is produced by which cells?
A. Oligodendroglia
B. Neural crest
C. Schwann
D. Ependymal
Oligodendroglia
**if PNS= Schwann cells
In the central nervous system which cell acts as a fibrocyte?
A. Astrocyte
B. Ependymal
C. Purkinje
D. Golgi
Astrocyte
*also the most numerous
The production of cerebrospinal fluid is mainly the function of which cell?
A. Ependymal
B. Astroglial
C. Oligodendroglia
D. Microglial
Ependymal
The 4th lumbar spinal nerve exits between which two vertebra?
A. L2-L3
B. L3-L4
C. L4-L5
D. L5-S1
L4-L5
*exits below the vertebrae
Which of the following is composed of fibers from the lumbar plexus?
A. Common peroneal
B. Tibial
C. Femoral
D. Posterior femoral cutaneous
Femoral
*common peroneal= Sciatic (lower)
- Tibial- Sciatic (lower)
- ** Femoral- L2-L4
Which nerve is a branch off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
A. Axillary
B. Musculocutaneous
C. Ulnar
D. Median
Axillary
- Musculocutaneous= lateral cord
- *Ulnar= Medial cord
- **Median= Lateral and Medial cords
What is NOT in the cervical plexus?
A. Lesser occipital
B. Greater occipital
C. Greater auricular
D. Supraclavicular
Greater Occipital
What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscle?
A. CN VII
B. Cervical plexus
C. CN VI
D. Brachial plexus
Cervical Plexus
The sacral plexus lies on the anterior portion of:
A. Psoas major
B. Piriformis
C. Iliacus
D. Obturator internus
Piriformis
*remember sciatic nerve issues could be bc of compression via piriformis spastcity
Which of the following is the proper sequence of structures that make up the brachial plexus?
A. Division, trunk, cord, root
B. Trunk, root, division, cord
C. Root, division, cord, trunk
D. Root, trunk, division, cord & branches
root, trunk, division, cord, branches
“real texans drink cold beer”
What nerve does NOT pass through the superior orbital fissure?
A. Oculomotor nerve
B. Abducens nerve
C. Trochlear nerve
D. Mandibular nerve
Mandibular N.= foramen ovale
“Come on sofia sofia sofia, roll over sofia, I Am in a mood (for) Jugs jugs jugs hello”
The accessory and glossopharyngeal nerves pass through which openings?
A. Jugular foramen
B. Foramen rotundum
C. Hypoglossal canal
D. Foramen spinosum
Jugular foramen
What is found in front of the costovertebral body?
A. Sympathetic chain ganglion
B. Thoracic duct
C. Phrenic nerve
D. Esophagus
Sympathetic Chain ganglion
The only cranial nerve to exit at the dorsal aspect of the brain stem is:
A. Spinal accessory
B. Trochlear
C. Abducens
D. Oculomotor
Trochlear
The esophageal plexus is derived from which nerves?
A. Lesser Splanchnic
B. Greater Splanchnic
C. Vagus
D. Hypoglossal
Vagus
Which of the spinal cord levels carry most of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons that directly innervate the adrenal medulla?
A. T1-T4
B. T5-T9
C. T10-L1
D. S2-S4
T5-T9
Autonomic innervation to the heart is via the lateral horn located in which areas of the spine?
A. C4-C7
B. T1-T5
C. T7-T11
D. L2-L4
T1-T5
