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B1 > General Anatomy Chiro Essentials 7 Gastro-intestinal Anatomy > Flashcards

General Anatomy Chiro Essentials 7 Gastro-intestinal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The forgut, midgut and hindgut are derived from which of the following:

A. Mesoderm
B. Ectoderm
C. Endoderm

A

Endoderm

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2
Q

The foregut is supplied by the celiac trunk. What are the 6 anatomical structures derived from the foregut?
*ESD-LGP

A 
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum (proximal 1/2)
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
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3
Q

The Midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery. What are the 4 anatomical structures derived from the midgut? *DSLT

A 
Duodenum (Distal 1/2)
Small intestine
Large intestine (proximal 1/2)
Transverse colon (proximal 2/3)
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4
Q

The hindgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery. What are the 3 anatomical structures derived from the midgut?

A 
Large intestine (the rest)
Transverse Colon (distal 1/3)
Anal Canal (proximal 1/2)
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5
Q

What is an uncommon congential anomaly that occurs in 2% of the population, ~2inches long, located 2 feet proximal to the ileocecal junction, may contain 2 types of ectopic tissues and it is 2x more common than men?

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

22222

Meckel is all about dem 22s on that ride

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6
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen from superior to inferior in groups of 3s?

A

Right hypochondrium, Epigastric, left hypochondrium
Right Flanks, Umbilical, Left Flanks
Right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

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7
Q 
What region of the abdomen contains the stomach, duodenum and pancreas?
A. Umbilical
B. Left iliac 
C. Epigastric
D. Hypogastric
A

Epigastric

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8
Q 
What region of the abdomen contains the liver and gallbladder?
A. Right hypochondrium
B. Left iliac 
C. Epigastric
D. Hypogastric
A

Right hypochondrium

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9
Q 
What region of the abdomen contains the bladder and uterus?
A. Right hypochondrium
B. Left iliac 
C. Epigastric
D. Hypogastric
A

Hypogastric

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10
Q 
What region of the abdomen contains the appendix?
A. Left hypochondrium
B. Left iliac 
C. Right iliac
D. Hypogastric
A

right iliac

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11
Q 
Which region(s) of the abdomen contain the kidneys?
A. Left Flank
B. Left iliac 
C. Right Flank
D. Hypogastric
A

left and right flanks

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12
Q 
What region of the abdomen contains the Spleen?
A. Left hypochondrium
B. Left iliac 
C. Right iliac
D. Hypogastric
A

Left hypochondrium

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13
Q 
What region of the abdomen contains the small intestine?
A. Umbilical
B. Left iliac 
C. Right iliac
D. Hypogastric
A

Umbilical

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14
Q 
What region of the abdomen contains the Sigmoid colon?
A. Left hypochondrium
B. Left iliac 
C. Right iliac
D. Hypogastric
A

Left iliac

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15
Q

What dermatome is found at the xiphoid process?

A

T7

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16
Q

What dermatome is found at the umbilicus?

A

T10

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17
Q

What dermatome is found at the inguinal region?

A

L1

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18
Q

What dermatome is found at the 1st and 2nd digits of the hand?

A

C6

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19
Q

What dermatome is found at the nipple?

A

T4

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20
Q

The anterior abdominal wall consists of what 6 layers?

*SSMTEP

A 
Skin
Subcutaneous tissue
Muscles
Transverse fascia
Extraperitoneal Fat
Parietal Peritoneum
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21
Q

The anterior abdominal wall is innervated by the lower 5 intercostals (T7-T11), the subcostal nerve and what other nerve?

A

ilioinguinal (L1)

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22
Q

what are the contents of the rectus sheath?

A

Rectus abdominis muscle
Pyramidialis muscle
Superior and inferior epigastric arteryes and veins

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23
Q

The rectus shealth is divided into layers via what line?

A

Arcuate line

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24
Q

The peritoneum in the inner lining of what cavity?

A

Abdominal

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25
Q

The peritoneum has 2 parts consisting of the parietal and visceral peritoneum. Which one is NOT sensitive to pain, and deals with a sensation of distention?

A

Visceral

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26
Q

Which peritoneum is sensitive to pain within the abdominal cavity?

A

Parietal

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27
Q

The abdominal cavity is divided into two compartments known as the ______ sac and _______ sac?

A

Greater and Lesser sacs

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28
Q

The lesser sac opens into the greater sac via what foramen?

A

epiploeic foramen (of winslow)

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29
Q

What are the retroperitoneal structures? *AC DC PARK AID

A 
Ascending Colon
Descending Colon
Pancreas
Adrenals
Rectum (lower 2/3)
Kidneys
Aorta
IVC
Duodenum
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30
Q

What organ is a J shaped sac lined with columnar epithelium?

A

Stomach

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31
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle does the stomach have and what are they?

A

3 layers
Outer-longitudinal
Inner- circular
Innermost- oblique

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32
Q

What is the type of cell found in the stomach that secrete pepsinogen?

A

Chief cells

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33
Q

What is the type of cell found in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal (oxytocin) cells

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34
Q 
Which 2 of the following are branches of the celiac trunk from the splenic artery?
A. Left Gastric
B. Right Gastric
C. Left Gastro-epiploic
D. Short Gastric
A

Left Gastro-epiploic

Short Gastric

35
Q 
Which of the following is a branch of the celiac trunk from the proper hepatic artery?
A. Left Gastric
B. Right Gastric
C. Right Gastro-epiploic
D. Short Gastric
A

Right Gastric

36
Q 
Which of the following is a branch of the celiac trunk from the gastro-duodenal branch of the common hepatic artery?
A. Left Gastric
B. Right Gastric
C. Right Gastro-epiploic
D. Short Gastric
A

Right Gastro-epiploic

37
Q 
What is the most superior part of the stomach?
A. Fundus
B. Cardia
C. Antrum
D. Pylorus
A

Cardia

38
Q

What part of the GI tract receives contents immediately after the stomach?

A

small intestine

39
Q

Which part of the small intestine wraps around the head of the pancreas? It is also ~10 inches long and consists of 4 parts

A

Duodenum

40
Q 
Which of the following represents the longest part of the duodenum?
A. Superior part
B. Descending part
C. Horizontal part
D. Ascending part
A

Horizontal
(~4 inches long)

the shortest part is the ascending part at ~1 inch

41
Q 
The upper half of the duodenum is supplied by:
A. Inferior pancreatico-duodenal Artery
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Duodenal-jejunal junction
D. Superior pancreatico-duodenal
A

Superior Pancreatico-duodenal

42
Q 
The lower half of the duodenum is supplied by:
A. Inferior pancreatico-duodenal Artery
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Duodenal-jejunal junction
D. Superior pancreatico-duodenal
A

Inferior pancreatico-duodenal

43
Q 
The common bile duct of the biliary tree opens into which part of the duodenum?
A. First part
B. Second part
C. Third part
D. Fourth part
A

Second part

44
Q 
The superior mesenteric vein and artery pass over which part of the duodenum?
A. First part
B. Second part
C. Third part
D. Fourth part
A

Third

45
Q 
The duodeno-junction is fixed and is held in place by which ligament?
A. Suspensorty Ligament of Treitz
B. Right gastric ligament
C. Left Gastric ligament
D. Renal artery
A

A. Suspensorty Ligament of Treitz

46
Q

The cystic duct of the gallbladder joins with what duct to form the common bile duct?

A

common hepatic duct

47
Q

The triangle between the cystic duct, common hepatic duct and the liver is known as ________ triangle?

A

Callots

48
Q

T/F: The cystic artery is contained within the callot triangle?

A

True

49
Q

The common heptic bile passes through the head of the pancreas and is joined by the main pancreatic duct to open which part of the duodenum?

A

second part

50
Q 
The sphincter of Oddi helps guard the opening of:
A. Jejunum
B. Ileum
C. Duodenum
D. Gallbladder
A

Duodenum

51
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gallbladder

52
Q

The gallbladder lies in a fossa btwn which lobes of the liver?
A. Right and left
B. Right and Quadrate
C. Quadrate and left

A

right and quadrate lobes

53
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

54
Q

What is the longest part of the small intestine? How long is it?

A

ileum ~ 12 ft

55
Q 
The jejunum is ~8 ft long and occupies which part of the abdomen?
A. Upper Left
B. Upper Right
C. Lower Right
D. Lower Left
A

Upper left

56
Q 
Which part of the small intestine is thinner, narrower, and less vascular?
A. Ileum 
B. Jejunum
C. Duodenum
D. Stomach
A

Ileum

57
Q 
The ileum is ~12ft long and occupies which part of the abdomen?
A. Upper Left
B. Upper Right
C. Lower Right
D. Lower Left
A

lower right

58
Q 
The mesentery of which small intestine part would have small opaque windows, smaller arcades and short vasa recta?
A. Ileum
B. Jejunum
C. A and B
D. Duodenum
A

Ileum

59
Q

Which part of the small intestine would be associated with numerous lymphoid aggregates known as peyer patches (GALT)?

A

Ileum

60
Q

What 3 features make the large intestine different than the small intestine? (HAT)

A

Haustra
Appendices epiploica
Teniae Coli

61
Q

T/F: The small intestine has a larger diameter than the large intestine?

A

Flase

L.I. has a larger diameter

62
Q 
Which of the following colon divisions is the longest?
A. Cecum
B. Ascending
C. Descending
D. Transverse
E. Sigmoid
A

Transverse (~20 inches long)

  • sigmoid is 2nd longest at ~15 inches
63
Q 
The Appendix is an out-pouching of which part of the cecum? 
A. Posterolateral aspect
B. Superomedial aspect
C. Anterolateral aspect
D. Posteromedial aspect
A

Posteromedial

64
Q

T/F: Can the appendix be located behind the cecum, in pelvis and retro-ileal?

A

True

65
Q

The large intestine is derived from which 2 areas?
A. Foregut
B. Midgut
C. Hindgut

A

Midgut

Hindgut

66
Q 
Which two arteries supply the large intestine?
A. Superior Mesenteric Artery
B. Proper hepatic artery
C. Short gastric arteries
D. Inferior Mesenteric Artery
A

superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

A D

67
Q

The Sigmoid colon continues as the _________?

A

Rectum

68
Q

The Watershed area is at the junction of which parts of the colon where the midgut transitions into the hindgut?
A. Distal 2/3 of ascending colon and 1/2 of transverse colon
B. Prox 2/3s and distal 1/3 of transverse colon
C. Distal sigmoid colon and prox 1/3 of rectum

A

B
Prox 2/3 AND distal 1/3 transverse colon

*so the transeverse colon is a TRANSITION zone for the mid and hind gut

69
Q 
How long is the rectum?
A. 2 inches
B. 9 inches
C. 11 inches
D. 5 inches
A

5 inches

70
Q

What lower part of the rectum is dilated:
A. perineal line
B. Ampulla
C. Anal canal

A

Ampulla

71
Q

The Rectum continues as the ______ ______?

A

Anal Canal

72
Q

The rectum drains which of the following nodes?
A. Inferior mesenteric nodes
B. Superior mesenteric nodes
C. Superficial inguinal nodes

A

Inferior mesenteric nodes

73
Q 
The anal canal is derived from what embryological origins?
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. A and B
A

A and B

74
Q 
The junction of the ectoderm and endoderm in the anal canal is called the:
A. Perineal line
B. Pectinate line
C. Pectineal line
D. Perianal line
A

C

Pectineal line

75
Q

How many pushups can chuck norris do?

A

All of them

SMILE THIS IS FUN :)

76
Q

Which anal canal sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle?

A

External

77
Q

Which anal canal sphincter is made up of smooth muscle?

A

Internal

78
Q

The inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve supplies which anal canal sphincter?

A

External

79
Q

The columns of morgagni are located?
A. Below the pectineal line of the anal canal
B. Above the pectieal line of the anal canal
C. Sigmoid colon
D. They are not in the anal canal

A

Above the pectineal line

80
Q

Is the endoderm above the pectineal line pain sensitive or insensitive?

A

insensitive

81
Q

Is the ectoderm below the pectineal line pain sensitive or insensitive?

A

Pain

82
Q

The lymphatics from the below the pectineal line drain into the lateral group of ______ ______ nodes of the groin?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

83
Q

The upper half of the anal canal is derived from?
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm

A

Endoderm

no pain

84
Q

The lower half of the anal canal is derived from?
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm

A

Ectoderm

pain

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