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Chemistry #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an element of protein, but NOT of fatty acid?

Nitrogen

Hydrogen

Carbon

Phosphorus

A

Nitrogen

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2
Q

The amino acid sequence of a protein is known as which structure?

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

A

Primary

*protein=primary

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3
Q

Which amino acid contains sulfur?

Proline

Cysteine

Lysine

Valine

A

Cysteine

*Methionine also contains sulfur

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4
Q

Human plasma contains the greatest amount of which of the following proteins?

Immunoglobulin

Fibrinogen

Albumin

Hemoglobin

A

Albumin

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5
Q

Which of the following begins with serine?

Synthesis of tyrosine

Synthesis of glycine

Urea cycle

Transamination

A

Synthesis of glycine

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6
Q

Digestion of proteins in the stomach is the function of:

Trypsin

Ptyalin

Amylase

Pepsin

A

Pepsin

*the stomach like pepsi

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7
Q

Which food contains the highest quality protein?

Soy

Egg

Corn

Gelatin

A

egg

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8
Q

What is the source of utilizable nitrogen for the human body?

Fats

Nucleic acids

Protein

Carbohydrates

A

Protein

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9
Q

Digestion of protein is a function of:

Trypsin

Hexokinase

Amylase

Ptyalin

A

Trypsin

*Carb digestion begins with salivary amylase (ptyalin)

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10
Q

During the digestion of proteins which of the following reactions occur?

Phosphorylation

Hydrolysis

Deamination

Carboxylation

A

Hydrolysis

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11
Q

Which of the following is a very poor source of tryptophan?

Soy

Corn

Lamb

Milk

A

Lamb

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12
Q

Chylomicronemia is caused by a deficiency of:

Pancreatic lipase

Bile salts

Low density lipoprotein receptors

Lipoprotein lipase

A

Lipoprotein lipase

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13
Q

The catalytic function of an enzyme is to:

Increase the change in free energy

Decrease a reaction’s activation energy

Decrease the change in free energy

Increase a reaction’s equilibrium constant

A

Decrease a reaction’s activation energy

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14
Q

Enzymes which have different structures and catalyze the same reactions are known as:

Coenzymes

Proenzymes

Allosteric enzymes

Isoenzymes

A

Isoenzymes

*Coenzymes help enzymes work, proenzymes are enzyme precursors, allosteric enzymes control the rate of reactions, and isoenzymes are enzymes with different subgroups but similar main groups in their structure.

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15
Q

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is under what enzyme classification?

Oxidoreductase

Transferase

Hydrolase

Isomerase

A

Oxidoreductase

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16
Q

Which of these enzymes catalyze the conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate during glycogenolysis?

Glycogen synthetase

Aldolase

Glucokinase

Glycogen phosphorylase

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

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17
Q

An albino, who is completely white, is lacking which enzyme in his melanocytes?

Histidine decarboxylase

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Serine hydroxymethyl transferase

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

*Tyrosine hydroxylase is necessary for the synthesis of melanin.

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18
Q

The third step of glycolysis involves the allosteric enzyme:

Phosphofructokinase

Aldolase

Hexokinase

Phosphoglucoisomerase

A

Phosphofructokinase

*PFK= rate limiting enzyme

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19
Q

Selenium is a cofactor for which enzyme?

Oxidase

Peroxidase

ATPase

Glutathione peroxidase

A

Glutathione peroxidase

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20
Q

Which of the following enzymes regulates cholesterol biosynthesis?

HMG-CoA reductase

Lipoprotein lipase

Fatty acid lipase

Acetyl acetate-CoA lyase

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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21
Q

Which of the following is a cofactor for hexokinase?

Adenosine triphosphate

Biotin

Coenzyme A

Nicotinic adenine dinucleotide

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

ATP

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22
Q

Enzymes function by ____ reactions.

Increase entropy

Increase energy for activation

Decrease entropy

Increase the heart rate

A

Decrease Entropy

23
Q

Which of the following hormones increase the activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?

Growth hormone

Aldosterone

Thyroxine

Glucagon

24
Q

The principle source of utilizable androgens in the human is:

Proteins

Nucleic acids

Fats

Carbohydrates

25
In humans, prostaglandins are primarily derived from: Glucose Leukotrienes Oleate Arachidonate
Arachidonate *Arachidonate is an essential fatty acid along wtih Linoleic and Linolenic acid-"ALL."
26
Beta dopamine is necessary for the synthesis of: Epinephrine Cholesterol Norepinephrine Acetylcholine
NorEpi NE
27
Hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA is an intermediate of which pathway? Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis Cholesterol biosynthesis and ketogenesis Beta oxidation and fatty acid biosynthesis Hexose monophosphate shunt and the urea cycle
Cholesterol biosynthesis and ketogenesis
28
The hormone epinephrine is a ____ and is biosynthesized in the ____. Catecholamine; adrenal gland Polypeptide; pancreas Catecholamine; pancreas Polypeptide; adrenal gland
Catecholamine; adrenal
29
Which hormone acts to produce hypoglycemia? Glucagon Thyroxin Epinephrine Insulin
Insulin *insulin helps lower blood glucose
30
Which of the following hormones is a steroid? Aldosterone Epinephrine Insulin Thyroxin
Aldosterone *Epinephrine, insulin, and thyroxine are all protein hormones.
31
Which of the following hormones are primarily responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids? Cortisol Vasopressin Calmodulin Aldosterone
Cortisol
32
What substance controls calcium exchange out of bone? Glucagon Parathyroid hormone Insulin Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone PTH
33
Xanthine is an intermediate in which of the following? Synthesis of purines Synthesis of pyrimidines Degradation of purines Degradation of pyrines
Degradation of purines *uric acid= too many purines= gout
34
Which of the following is most likely to result from the genetic inability to break down purines? Thalassemia minor Lactose intolerance Rheumatoid arthritis Gout
Gout
35
What is the pyrimidine-purine combination in RNA? Thymine – adenine Guanine – uracil Cytosine – uracil Adenine – uracil
Adenine- Uracil *" All University Girls Chat"
36
Which of the following vitamins is necessary for the biosynthesis of purines? Niacin Folic acid Vitamin D Vitamin A
Folic Acid
37
Which amino acid begins the urea cycle? Ornithine Citrulline Arginine Histidine
Arginine
38
Anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate will produce: Acetyl-CoA Citrate Lactose Lactate
Lactate *too much leads to lactic acid build up (wingate bike test)
39
This process begins with the formation of carbamoyl phosphate: Synthesis of tyrosine Synthesis of glycine Urea cycle Transamination
Urea Cycle
40
Which of the following is a part of a nucleic acid? Calcium Copper Phosphate Iron
Phosphate
41
Which nitrogenous base is not normally found in DNA? Cytosine Guanine Uracil Adenine
Uracil
42
In the Watson and Crick model of DNA, the two long polynucleotide chains are held together by which of the following bonds? Peptide Glycosidic Hydrogen Disulfide
Hydrogen
43
Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA? Uracil Adenine Thymine Quinine
Thymine *RNA T gets replaced with U
44
Conversion of mRNA genetic information into polypeptides is called: Replication Translation Transcription Transference
Translation
45
Which of the following is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of RNA? Adenosine triphosphate Tocopherol IX Nicotinic adenine diphosphate Uric acid
Adenosine triphosphate ATP
46
Reproduction requires: DNA synthesis RNA synthesis Protein synthesis Direct nuclei acid
DNA Synthesis
47
Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of urea? Urea synthase Urease Urea phosphorylase Arginase
Arginase
48
Which vitamin is necessary for the proper production of RBCs? Vitamin D and Niacin Folacin and Vitamin B12 Thiamine and Riboflavin Thiamine and Vitamin C
Folacin and Vitamin B12
49
What transaminase coenzyme is derived from vitamin B6? CoASH FAD Pyridoxal phosphate TPP
Pyridoxal phosphate
50
The basic structure of which vitamin contains a metal ion? Thiamine Folic acid Vitamin B12 Niacin
Vitamin B12 | cobalamin
51
Vitamin E protects cellular and subcellular membranes because it acts as a/an: Oxidant Antioxidant Hemolytic agent Peroxide
Antioxidant
52
Which B-complex vitamin contributes carbon atoms in the formation of a DNA nucleus? Niacin Riboflavin Panthothenic acid Folic acid
Folic Acid
53
The active form of B9 is: Tetrahydrofolate Folacin Folic acid Cyanocobalamin
Cyanocobalamin
54
Which of the following minerals activates the phosphorylation reaction in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats? Calcium Iron Magnesium Sulphur
Magnesium

B1 (17 decks)

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