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B1 > Chemistry #2 > Flashcards

Chemistry #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an element of protein, but NOT of fatty acid?

Nitrogen

Hydrogen

Carbon

Phosphorus

A

Nitrogen

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2
Q

The amino acid sequence of a protein is known as which structure?

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

A

Primary

*protein=primary

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3
Q

Which amino acid contains sulfur?

Proline

Cysteine

Lysine

Valine

A

Cysteine

*Methionine also contains sulfur

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4
Q

Human plasma contains the greatest amount of which of the following proteins?

Immunoglobulin

Fibrinogen

Albumin

Hemoglobin

A

Albumin

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5
Q

Which of the following begins with serine?

Synthesis of tyrosine

Synthesis of glycine

Urea cycle

Transamination

A

Synthesis of glycine

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6
Q

Digestion of proteins in the stomach is the function of:

Trypsin

Ptyalin

Amylase

Pepsin

A

Pepsin

*the stomach like pepsi

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7
Q

Which food contains the highest quality protein?

Soy

Egg

Corn

Gelatin

A

egg

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8
Q

What is the source of utilizable nitrogen for the human body?

Fats

Nucleic acids

Protein

Carbohydrates

A

Protein

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9
Q

Digestion of protein is a function of:

Trypsin

Hexokinase

Amylase

Ptyalin

A

Trypsin

*Carb digestion begins with salivary amylase (ptyalin)

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10
Q

During the digestion of proteins which of the following reactions occur?

Phosphorylation

Hydrolysis

Deamination

Carboxylation

A

Hydrolysis

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11
Q

Which of the following is a very poor source of tryptophan?

Soy

Corn

Lamb

Milk

A

Lamb

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12
Q

Chylomicronemia is caused by a deficiency of:

Pancreatic lipase

Bile salts

Low density lipoprotein receptors

Lipoprotein lipase

A

Lipoprotein lipase

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13
Q

The catalytic function of an enzyme is to:

Increase the change in free energy

Decrease a reaction’s activation energy

Decrease the change in free energy

Increase a reaction’s equilibrium constant

A

Decrease a reaction’s activation energy

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14
Q

Enzymes which have different structures and catalyze the same reactions are known as:

Coenzymes

Proenzymes

Allosteric enzymes

Isoenzymes

A

Isoenzymes

*Coenzymes help enzymes work, proenzymes are enzyme precursors, allosteric enzymes control the rate of reactions, and isoenzymes are enzymes with different subgroups but similar main groups in their structure.

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15
Q

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is under what enzyme classification?

Oxidoreductase

Transferase

Hydrolase

Isomerase

A

Oxidoreductase

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16
Q

Which of these enzymes catalyze the conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate during glycogenolysis?

Glycogen synthetase

Aldolase

Glucokinase

Glycogen phosphorylase

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

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17
Q

An albino, who is completely white, is lacking which enzyme in his melanocytes?

Histidine decarboxylase

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Serine hydroxymethyl transferase

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

*Tyrosine hydroxylase is necessary for the synthesis of melanin.

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18
Q

The third step of glycolysis involves the allosteric enzyme:

Phosphofructokinase

Aldolase

Hexokinase

Phosphoglucoisomerase

A

Phosphofructokinase

*PFK= rate limiting enzyme

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19
Q

Selenium is a cofactor for which enzyme?

Oxidase

Peroxidase

ATPase

Glutathione peroxidase

A

Glutathione peroxidase

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20
Q

Which of the following enzymes regulates cholesterol biosynthesis?

HMG-CoA reductase

Lipoprotein lipase

Fatty acid lipase

Acetyl acetate-CoA lyase

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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21
Q

Which of the following is a cofactor for hexokinase?

Adenosine triphosphate

Biotin

Coenzyme A

Nicotinic adenine dinucleotide

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

ATP

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22
Q

Enzymes function by ____ reactions.

Increase entropy

Increase energy for activation

Decrease entropy

Increase the heart rate

A

Decrease Entropy

23
Q

Which of the following hormones increase the activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?

Growth hormone

Aldosterone

Thyroxine

Glucagon

A

Thyroxine

24
Q

The principle source of utilizable androgens in the human is:

Proteins

Nucleic acids

Fats

Carbohydrates

A

Fats

25
Q

In humans, prostaglandins are primarily derived from:

Glucose

Leukotrienes

Oleate

Arachidonate

A

Arachidonate

*Arachidonate is an essential fatty acid along wtih Linoleic and Linolenic acid-“ALL.”

26
Q

Beta dopamine is necessary for the synthesis of:

Epinephrine

Cholesterol

Norepinephrine

Acetylcholine

A

NorEpi

NE

27
Q

Hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA is an intermediate of which pathway?

Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Cholesterol biosynthesis and ketogenesis

Beta oxidation and fatty acid biosynthesis

Hexose monophosphate shunt and the urea cycle

A

Cholesterol biosynthesis and ketogenesis

28
Q

The hormone epinephrine is a ____ and is biosynthesized in the ____.

Catecholamine; adrenal gland

Polypeptide; pancreas

Catecholamine; pancreas

Polypeptide; adrenal gland

A

Catecholamine; adrenal

29
Q

Which hormone acts to produce hypoglycemia?

Glucagon

Thyroxin

Epinephrine

Insulin

A

Insulin

*insulin helps lower blood glucose

30
Q

Which of the following hormones is a steroid?

Aldosterone

Epinephrine

Insulin

Thyroxin

A

Aldosterone

*Epinephrine, insulin, and thyroxine are all protein hormones.

31
Q

Which of the following hormones are primarily responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids?

Cortisol

Vasopressin

Calmodulin

Aldosterone

A

Cortisol

32
Q

What substance controls calcium exchange out of bone?

Glucagon

Parathyroid hormone

Insulin

Calcitonin

A

Parathyroid hormone

PTH

33
Q

Xanthine is an intermediate in which of the following?

Synthesis of purines

Synthesis of pyrimidines

Degradation of purines

Degradation of pyrines

A

Degradation of purines

*uric acid= too many purines= gout

34
Q

Which of the following is most likely to result from the genetic inability to break down purines?

Thalassemia minor

Lactose intolerance

Rheumatoid arthritis

Gout

A

Gout

35
Q

What is the pyrimidine-purine combination in RNA?

Thymine – adenine

Guanine – uracil

Cytosine – uracil

Adenine – uracil

A

Adenine- Uracil

*” All University Girls Chat”

36
Q

Which of the following vitamins is necessary for the biosynthesis of purines?

Niacin

Folic acid

Vitamin D

Vitamin A

A

Folic Acid

37
Q

Which amino acid begins the urea cycle?

Ornithine

Citrulline

Arginine

Histidine

A

Arginine

38
Q

Anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate will produce:

Acetyl-CoA

Citrate

Lactose

Lactate

A

Lactate

*too much leads to lactic acid build up

(wingate bike test)

39
Q

This process begins with the formation of carbamoyl phosphate:

Synthesis of tyrosine

Synthesis of glycine

Urea cycle

Transamination

A

Urea Cycle

40
Q

Which of the following is a part of a nucleic acid?

Calcium

Copper

Phosphate

Iron

A

Phosphate

41
Q

Which nitrogenous base is not normally found in DNA?

Cytosine

Guanine

Uracil

Adenine

A

Uracil

42
Q

In the Watson and Crick model of DNA, the two long polynucleotide chains are held together by which of the following bonds?

Peptide

Glycosidic

Hydrogen

Disulfide

A

Hydrogen

43
Q

Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

Uracil

Adenine

Thymine

Quinine

A

Thymine

*RNA T gets replaced with U

44
Q

Conversion of mRNA genetic information into polypeptides is called:

Replication

Translation

Transcription

Transference

A

Translation

45
Q

Which of the following is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of RNA?

Adenosine triphosphate

Tocopherol IX

Nicotinic adenine diphosphate

Uric acid

A

Adenosine triphosphate

ATP

46
Q

Reproduction requires:

DNA synthesis

RNA synthesis

Protein synthesis

Direct nuclei acid

A

DNA Synthesis

47
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of urea?

Urea synthase

Urease

Urea phosphorylase

Arginase

A

Arginase

48
Q

Which vitamin is necessary for the proper production of RBCs?

Vitamin D and Niacin

Folacin and Vitamin B12

Thiamine and Riboflavin

Thiamine and Vitamin C

A

Folacin and Vitamin B12

49
Q

What transaminase coenzyme is derived from vitamin B6?

CoASH

FAD

Pyridoxal phosphate

TPP

A

Pyridoxal phosphate

50
Q

The basic structure of which vitamin contains a metal ion?

Thiamine

Folic acid

Vitamin B12

Niacin

A

Vitamin B12

cobalamin

51
Q

Vitamin E protects cellular and subcellular membranes because it acts as a/an:

Oxidant

Antioxidant

Hemolytic agent

Peroxide

A

Antioxidant

52
Q

Which B-complex vitamin contributes carbon atoms in the formation of a DNA nucleus?

Niacin

Riboflavin

Panthothenic acid

Folic acid

A

Folic Acid

53
Q

The active form of B9 is:

Tetrahydrofolate

Folacin

Folic acid

Cyanocobalamin

A

Cyanocobalamin

54
Q

Which of the following minerals activates the phosphorylation reaction in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats?

Calcium

Iron

Magnesium

Sulphur

A

Magnesium

B1 (17 decks)

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