Chemistry #2 Flashcards
What is an element of protein, but NOT of fatty acid?
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
The amino acid sequence of a protein is known as which structure?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Primary
*protein=primary
Which amino acid contains sulfur?
Proline
Cysteine
Lysine
Valine
Cysteine
*Methionine also contains sulfur
Human plasma contains the greatest amount of which of the following proteins?
Immunoglobulin
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Hemoglobin
Albumin
Which of the following begins with serine?
Synthesis of tyrosine
Synthesis of glycine
Urea cycle
Transamination
Synthesis of glycine
Digestion of proteins in the stomach is the function of:
Trypsin
Ptyalin
Amylase
Pepsin
Pepsin
*the stomach like pepsi
Which food contains the highest quality protein?
Soy
Egg
Corn
Gelatin
egg
What is the source of utilizable nitrogen for the human body?
Fats
Nucleic acids
Protein
Carbohydrates
Protein
Digestion of protein is a function of:
Trypsin
Hexokinase
Amylase
Ptyalin
Trypsin
*Carb digestion begins with salivary amylase (ptyalin)
During the digestion of proteins which of the following reactions occur?
Phosphorylation
Hydrolysis
Deamination
Carboxylation
Hydrolysis
Which of the following is a very poor source of tryptophan?
Soy
Corn
Lamb
Milk
Lamb
Chylomicronemia is caused by a deficiency of:
Pancreatic lipase
Bile salts
Low density lipoprotein receptors
Lipoprotein lipase
Lipoprotein lipase
The catalytic function of an enzyme is to:
Increase the change in free energy
Decrease a reaction’s activation energy
Decrease the change in free energy
Increase a reaction’s equilibrium constant
Decrease a reaction’s activation energy
Enzymes which have different structures and catalyze the same reactions are known as:
Coenzymes
Proenzymes
Allosteric enzymes
Isoenzymes
Isoenzymes
*Coenzymes help enzymes work, proenzymes are enzyme precursors, allosteric enzymes control the rate of reactions, and isoenzymes are enzymes with different subgroups but similar main groups in their structure.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is under what enzyme classification?
Oxidoreductase
Transferase
Hydrolase
Isomerase
Oxidoreductase
Which of these enzymes catalyze the conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate during glycogenolysis?
Glycogen synthetase
Aldolase
Glucokinase
Glycogen phosphorylase
Glycogen phosphorylase
An albino, who is completely white, is lacking which enzyme in his melanocytes?
Histidine decarboxylase
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Serine hydroxymethyl transferase
Tyrosine hydroxylase
*Tyrosine hydroxylase is necessary for the synthesis of melanin.
The third step of glycolysis involves the allosteric enzyme:
Phosphofructokinase
Aldolase
Hexokinase
Phosphoglucoisomerase
Phosphofructokinase
*PFK= rate limiting enzyme
Selenium is a cofactor for which enzyme?
Oxidase
Peroxidase
ATPase
Glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione peroxidase
Which of the following enzymes regulates cholesterol biosynthesis?
HMG-CoA reductase
Lipoprotein lipase
Fatty acid lipase
Acetyl acetate-CoA lyase
HMG-CoA reductase
Which of the following is a cofactor for hexokinase?
Adenosine triphosphate
Biotin
Coenzyme A
Nicotinic adenine dinucleotide
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP
Enzymes function by ____ reactions.
Increase entropy
Increase energy for activation
Decrease entropy
Increase the heart rate
Decrease Entropy
Which of the following hormones increase the activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?
Growth hormone
Aldosterone
Thyroxine
Glucagon
Thyroxine
The principle source of utilizable androgens in the human is:
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Fats
Carbohydrates
Fats
In humans, prostaglandins are primarily derived from:
Glucose
Leukotrienes
Oleate
Arachidonate
Arachidonate
*Arachidonate is an essential fatty acid along wtih Linoleic and Linolenic acid-“ALL.”
Beta dopamine is necessary for the synthesis of:
Epinephrine
Cholesterol
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
NorEpi
NE
Hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA is an intermediate of which pathway?
Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
Cholesterol biosynthesis and ketogenesis
Beta oxidation and fatty acid biosynthesis
Hexose monophosphate shunt and the urea cycle
Cholesterol biosynthesis and ketogenesis
The hormone epinephrine is a ____ and is biosynthesized in the ____.
Catecholamine; adrenal gland
Polypeptide; pancreas
Catecholamine; pancreas
Polypeptide; adrenal gland
Catecholamine; adrenal
Which hormone acts to produce hypoglycemia?
Glucagon
Thyroxin
Epinephrine
Insulin
Insulin
*insulin helps lower blood glucose
Which of the following hormones is a steroid?
Aldosterone
Epinephrine
Insulin
Thyroxin
Aldosterone
*Epinephrine, insulin, and thyroxine are all protein hormones.
Which of the following hormones are primarily responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids?
Cortisol
Vasopressin
Calmodulin
Aldosterone
Cortisol
What substance controls calcium exchange out of bone?
Glucagon
Parathyroid hormone
Insulin
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone
PTH
Xanthine is an intermediate in which of the following?
Synthesis of purines
Synthesis of pyrimidines
Degradation of purines
Degradation of pyrines
Degradation of purines
*uric acid= too many purines= gout
Which of the following is most likely to result from the genetic inability to break down purines?
Thalassemia minor
Lactose intolerance
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Gout
What is the pyrimidine-purine combination in RNA?
Thymine – adenine
Guanine – uracil
Cytosine – uracil
Adenine – uracil
Adenine- Uracil
*” All University Girls Chat”
Which of the following vitamins is necessary for the biosynthesis of purines?
Niacin
Folic acid
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Folic Acid
Which amino acid begins the urea cycle?
Ornithine
Citrulline
Arginine
Histidine
Arginine
Anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate will produce:
Acetyl-CoA
Citrate
Lactose
Lactate
Lactate
*too much leads to lactic acid build up
(wingate bike test)
This process begins with the formation of carbamoyl phosphate:
Synthesis of tyrosine
Synthesis of glycine
Urea cycle
Transamination
Urea Cycle
Which of the following is a part of a nucleic acid?
Calcium
Copper
Phosphate
Iron
Phosphate
Which nitrogenous base is not normally found in DNA?
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil
Adenine
Uracil
In the Watson and Crick model of DNA, the two long polynucleotide chains are held together by which of the following bonds?
Peptide
Glycosidic
Hydrogen
Disulfide
Hydrogen
Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
Uracil
Adenine
Thymine
Quinine
Thymine
*RNA T gets replaced with U
Conversion of mRNA genetic information into polypeptides is called:
Replication
Translation
Transcription
Transference
Translation
Which of the following is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of RNA?
Adenosine triphosphate
Tocopherol IX
Nicotinic adenine diphosphate
Uric acid
Adenosine triphosphate
ATP
Reproduction requires:
DNA synthesis
RNA synthesis
Protein synthesis
Direct nuclei acid
DNA Synthesis
Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of urea?
Urea synthase
Urease
Urea phosphorylase
Arginase
Arginase
Which vitamin is necessary for the proper production of RBCs?
Vitamin D and Niacin
Folacin and Vitamin B12
Thiamine and Riboflavin
Thiamine and Vitamin C
Folacin and Vitamin B12
What transaminase coenzyme is derived from vitamin B6?
CoASH
FAD
Pyridoxal phosphate
TPP
Pyridoxal phosphate
The basic structure of which vitamin contains a metal ion?
Thiamine
Folic acid
Vitamin B12
Niacin
Vitamin B12
cobalamin
Vitamin E protects cellular and subcellular membranes because it acts as a/an:
Oxidant
Antioxidant
Hemolytic agent
Peroxide
Antioxidant
Which B-complex vitamin contributes carbon atoms in the formation of a DNA nucleus?
Niacin
Riboflavin
Panthothenic acid
Folic acid
Folic Acid
The active form of B9 is:
Tetrahydrofolate
Folacin
Folic acid
Cyanocobalamin
Cyanocobalamin
Which of the following minerals activates the phosphorylation reaction in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats?
Calcium
Iron
Magnesium
Sulphur
Magnesium
