Sperm Flashcards
How old am I?
Not old enough to not find “Sperm in yo face” funny.
Spermatogenesis is?
a sequence of events that occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes that produces male gametes
How many sperm does a healthy adult make in a day?
400 million
What is the normal chromosome number in most body cells? What is it symbolized as?
It is referred to as diploid chromosomal number and is 46. Symbolized as 2n
Diploid cells contain 23 pairs of similar chromosomes called?
homologous chromosomes
What is the number of chromosome in human gametes? What is it called?
23 called haploid
The outermost tubule cells are stem cells called?
Spermatogonia
mitotic division of the spermatogonia produces what?
2 distinctive daughter cells A and B.
Where does the type A go and where does the type b go?
Type A stays in the basal lamina to maintain the pool of dividing. The type B gets pushed towards the lumen where it becomes a primary spermatocyte which will produce 4 sperm
How do you go from Spermatocytes to Spermatids?
The primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I and creates 2 haploid cells called, secondary spermatocytes. These will go into Meiosis II and creating the 4 spermatids per spermatocyte.
What are spermatids?
They are the daughter cells of secondary spermatocytes. They are small round cells with large nuclei and found closer to the lumen of the tubule.
What changes are made to the spermatids to become sperm?
The spermatid have an n number of chromosomes but are nonmotile. They develop microtubule and flagellum which makes up the tail. The head is covered in Acrosome and mitochondria congregate just behind the head and above the tail
What steps are in Meiosis I?
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I
What phase of Meiosis does synaps and crossover occur?
Prophase I
At what stage do the tetrads align at the equator?
Metaphase I
True or false?
In anaphase I the sister chromotids are pulled to opposite poles.
False.
In Anaphase I, the homologous pairs are pulled to opposite poles. The centromeres remain intact
True of false
Prior to Prophase II the DNA must replicate.
False
What are the end products of Meiosis I?
2 haploid daughter cells
What is spermiogenesis?
the conversion of the haploid spermatids to sperm
1 spermatigonium make __ spermatid.
4
from the testes the sperm go to the outside via ducts. What are the 4 areas it passes in order?
- Epidymis
- Ductus deferens
- ejaculatory duct
- the urethra
what are the accesory sex glands?
- seminal glands
- prostate
- bulbo-urethral glands
After a spermatid is formed in the ____________, it travels to the ____________ to mature into ____________
seminfrous tubules, vas deferens (in the testes), spermatozoa
Once spermatozoa is formed, where does it travel to before exiting the body?
from the vas deferens to the prostate gland, to the seminal vesicles, to the bulbourethral gland, and to the urethra
While traveling through the gonads, the spermatozoa pick up substances that are added to the semen. What is added to the semen and where is it coming from?
prostate gland: secretes fructose and
coagulant (35% of semen)
Seminal vesicles: mostly fructose (60%)
bulbourethral gland: lubricates urethra and
neutralizes acid (3%)
Spermatozoa: (2% of semen)
What is bindin?
a protein in the sperm that recognizes the egg cell (acrosome “digs” into the egg, bindin just helps the sperm find the egg)
What role does FSH have in spermatogenesis?
stimulates sertoli cells (which make sperm)
What role does LH have in spermatogenesis?
targets leydig cells (which make testosterone)
What do sertoli cells secrete?
1) inhibin: which inhibits FSH (negative feedback)
2) ABP (androgen-binding protein), which binds to testosterone and keeps it there
what do sperm use to bind to oocytes?
acrosomal enzymes and receptors
what type of cell is an oocyte covered with?
Granulosa cells
What rises in the cell after attachment which triggers the acrosomal reaction?
Ca2+
What propels sperm into the urethra?
ductus deferens, extended from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct propels sperm into the urethra by peristalsis
The accessory glands produce the bulk of semen. What are the accessory glands and what do they produce?
Seminal glands produce fructose.
activating fluid from the prostate.
and mucus from the bulbo-urethral glands
is semen alkaline or acidic?
alkaline
What type of cell makes up the blood-testis barrier?
sustenocytes
What does FSH stimulate?
They stimulate the sustentocytes to produce androgen-binding proteins
What does LH stimulate?
LH stimulates interstitial endocrine cells t release testosterone which binds to ABP stimulating spermatogenesis.
what stimulates the secondary sex charecteristics in males?
testosterone
What are the structures that raw an ovulated oocyte into the female duct system?
cilia and fimbriae
the usual site of embryo implantation is?
the uterus
the male homologue of the female clitoris is the?
the penis. So sexy….. im feeling awkward writing these
what are secondary sex characteristics are a result of?
male or female sex hormones increasing amount in puberty
what produces male sex hormones?
interstitial endocrine cells
the normal diploid number of chromosomes is?
46
what are the hormones that directly regulate the ovarian cycle?
Lh, and FSH
chemicals in males that inhibit the hypothalamic-pitutary testicular axis?
inhibin and testosterone
what is the hormone that makes the cervical mucus viscous?
progesterone
stimulates the activity of testosterone on spermatogenic cells
androgen-binding protein
what hormone stimulates the secretion of testosterone?
LH
Corpus luteum formed at the site of?
ovulation
the sex of a child is determined by the?
the sex chromosome contained in he sperm
FSH is to estrogen as Estrogen is to ___?
LH
what forms the blood-testis barrier?
the tight junctions between the sustenocytes(sertoli cells)
FSH indirectly stimulates spermatogenesis by stimulating?
FSH stimulates the sertoli cells to release androgen-binding protein which keeps the concentration of testosterone high, which in turn stimulates spermatogenesis.
the sperm amount is high what is released to inhibit the production of sperm? and what does it act on?
The more sperm the more inhibin is released. It acts on the anterior pituitary to stop the release of FSH and the hypothalamus release of GnRH
