Chapter 24: Nutrition

Question 1

A long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers

Answer 1

Polymer

Question 2

Name three polymers of the four classes of life’s organic molecules:

Answer 2

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 3

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are all examples of of…

Answer 3

Sugars

Question 4

Have molecular formulas that are usually multiples of CH2O

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is the most common type of this sugar (ratio = 1:2:1)

Answer 5

Monosaccharide

Question 6

Formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides

Answer 6

Disaccharide

Question 7

Most common disaccharides:

Answer 7

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
Galactose + Glucose = Lactose

Question 8

The polymers of sugars have storage and structural roles

Answer 8

Polysaccharides

Question 9

A storage polysaccharide of plants, consists entirely of glucose monomers

Answer 9

Starch

Question 10

A storage polysaccharide in animals

Answer 10

Glycogen

Question 11

The polysaccharide _____ is a major component of the tough wall of plant cells

Answer 11

Cellulose

Question 12

_____ are polymers built from the same set of 20 amino acids

Answer 12

Polypeptides

Question 13

Organic molecules with carboxyl and amino groups

Answer 13

Amino Acids

Question 14

Do not form polymers

Answer 14

Lipids

Question 15

The most biologically important lipids are:

Answer 15

Fats, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 16

_____ _____ have the maximum # of hydrogen that they can have

Answer 16

Saturated fats

Question 17

Have double bond and liquid at room temperature

Answer 17

Unsaturated fats

Question 18

Most nutrients are used for

Answer 18

Metabolic fuel, cell structures and molecular synthesis

Question 19

Energy measured in

Answer 19

Kilocalories (Kcal)

Question 20

Major nutrients

Answer 20

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Question 21

Other nutrients requiren in small amounts

Answer 21

Vitamins and minerals

Question 22

Food groups

Answer 22

Fruits
Vegetables
Grains
Protein
Dairy

Question 23

Fuel used by cells to make ATP

Answer 23

Glucose

Question 24

What happens to excess glucose?

Answer 24

Converted to glycogen or fat and stored

Question 25

How many essential amino acids are there? How many amino acids are there in total?

Answer 25

8, 22

Question 26

8 essential amino acids (refer to fig. 24)

Answer 26

Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Leucine
Lysine

Question 27

7 minerals required in moderate amounts

Answer 27

Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl and Mg

Question 28

Synthesis of large molecules from small ones

Answer 28

Anabolism

Question 29

Hydrolysis of complex structures to similar ones

Answer 29

Catabolism

Question 30

Catabolism of food fuels → capture of energy to form ATP in cells

Answer 30

Cellular respiration

Question 31

Cellular respiration

Answer 31

1. Glycolosis
2. Krebs cycle
3. Oxidative phosphorylation