Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lecture > Chapter 23: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 23: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

The liver _____________ the blood, and makes blood _____________

A

filters, proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The liver gets rid of _____________

A

hydrophobic waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The liver metabolizes _____________, _____________, and _____________. As well as detoxes _____________

A

fats, carbs, and proteins, ethanol detox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The liver stores _____________ and makes _____________

A

stores fat soluble vitamins and makes bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gall bladder functions:

A

stores and concentrates bile (bile breaks down or emulsifies fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_____________ breaks down fat into smaller molecules surrounded by _____________ which allows for easier digestion

A

bile, micelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 4 exocrine enzymes that the pancreas secretes?

A

lipase (fat), protease (protein), amylase (carbs), and nuclease (nucleic acid, DNA, RNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What neutralizes the pH of chyme and what organ secretes it?

A

bicarbonate (HCO3-), pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate secreted?

A

into the small intestine via the hepato-pancreatic sphincter (aka the sphincter of oddius)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 5 layers of the alimentary canal (from inside to outside)?

A

lumen, mucosa, submucosa, 2 layers of smooth muscle, serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is lumen?

A

the hollow where the food is stored in the alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of mucosa?

A

the protective layer (to ensure the organ doesn’t get digested).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Submucosa contains _____________ in order to _____________

A

contains blood supply (capillaries, arteries, veins, lymph) to absorb nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Serosa is made up of _____________

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does food move down the digestive tract?

A

due to peristalsis (muscles alternately contract and relax moving food down the pathway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the functions of the mouth?

A

grind food, moisture, begin starch breakdown/starch digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three structures in the mouth?

A

teeth, salivary glands, tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What exocrine enzymes are secreted in the mouth?

A

saliva which is made up of amylase (carb breakdown) and lysozyme (kills some bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What endocrine enzymes are secreted in the mouth?

A

none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

tube that brings food to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the structure of the esophagus?

A

starts as skeletal muscle, ends at stomach as smooth muscle, cardiac sphincter (aka gastroesophageal sphincter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What connects the esophagus to the stomach?

A

cardiac sphincter (aka gastroesphageal sphincter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What exocrine enzymes are released in the esophagus?

A

none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What endocrine enzymes are released in the esophagus?

A

none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A

stores and grinds food, some limited digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the two structures of the stomach?

A 
gastric glands (or pits)
pyloric sphincter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What connects the stomach to the small intestine?

A

pyloric sphincter

28
Q

What three types of cells make up a gastric gland? (from deepest to stomach surface?

A

chief cells, parietal cells, mucous cells

29
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

pepsinogen

30
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCL

31
Q

The exocrine enzymes secreted in the stomach are _____________ and _____________. Together the make _____________.

A

pepsinogen, HCL. Together they make pepsin (breaks down proteins)

32
Q

The endocrine enzyme that is released into the stomach is _____________ which is secreted by _____________

A

gastrin, secreted by G cells

33
Q

What does gastrin activate?

A

gastric glands

34
Q

What are the functions of the small intestine?

A

where most digestion occurs, and food absorption

35
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine (in order- top to bottom)

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

36
Q

What are the two main structures in the small intestine?

A

circular folds (aka plicae circularis) and peyeris patches

37
Q

WHat are peyeris patches and where do they appear?

A

lymphoid tissue, appear toward end of small intestine

38
Q

What are the structures on the circular folds and what are their functions?

A

villi, increase surface area to absorb nutrients

39
Q

What structures make up the “brush border”? And where are they located?

A

microvilli, located on the villi in the small intestine

40
Q

List some examples of exocrine brush border enzymes and what they do.

A

ex) protease, lipase, amylase, nuclease. They breakdown molecules so they are easily digested (like a disaccharide into tow monosaccharides for absorption)

41
Q

Tripsinogen and enterokinase make _____________. (similar to pepsinogen and HCL in gastic glands)

A

trypsin (small intestine exocrine enzyme), which activates the pancreas (

42
Q

The lacteal system take nutrients from the small intestine to the liver via the _____________

A

hepatic portal system

43
Q

What are the three endocrine enzymes secreted in the small intestine?

A

CCK, enterogasterone, and secretin

44
Q

What does the enzyme CCK do?

A

is released in the duodenum and makes the gall bladder secrete bile (to break down fat)

45
Q

What does the enterogasterone do?

A

slows down stomach motility

46
Q

What does secretin do?

A

goes to the pancreas and secretes bicarbonate (neutralizes chyme)

47
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A

stores waste, water absorption, contains bacteria that hep break down vitamins (like vitamin K)

48
Q

What 4 structures are in the large intestine?

A

ileocecal sphincter, internal anal sphincter, external anal sphincter, and lacteal vessels

49
Q

What does the ileocecal sphincter connect? and when does it open?

A

the small intestine to the large intestine (opens when food enters the stomach)

50
Q

The internal sphincter is made of _____________ and the external sphincter is made of _____________.

A

smooth muscle, skeletal muscle

51
Q

What do lacteal vessels do?

A

collect lipids in the large intestine

52
Q

What exocrine enzymes are released in the large intestine?

A

none

53
Q

What endocrine enzymes are released in the large intestine?

A

none

54
Q

_____________ cells are found in every region of the digestive tract.

A

goblet cells

55
Q

What do goblet cells do?

A

make mucin (mucin + water=mucus)

56
Q

Which three arteries make up the portal triad?

A
  1. portal venule (brings blood into the cell)
  2. arteriole (brings oxygenated blood into the cell)
  3. Bile duct: brings bile out of liver cell to the gall bladder for storage
57
Q

What do macrophages do?

A

destroy bacteria

58
Q

What takes nutrient rich blood to the liver from the small intestine?

A

the hepatic portal system

59
Q

liver cell is also known as a _____________

A

hepatocyte

60
Q

central veins of liver cells lead to the _____________ vein to _____________ the liver

A

hepatic vein, drain the liver

61
Q

For more on the liver cell look on page 590 of the lab manual

A

;)

62
Q

What are 3 specific modifications of the small intestine histology?

A

Villi, microvilli, and intestinal crypts

63
Q

Goblet cells secrete ________.

A

mucus

64
Q

Bile is necessary for the digestion and absorption of _____.

A

Fats

65
Q

Its secretions moistens ingested food, cleanses and protects the mouth

A

salivary glands

66
Q

its secretions emulsifies fat for digestion and absorption of fat

A

The liver

67
Q

Its secretion digest major foodstuffs, and neutralize acid

A

Pancreas

Lecture (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions