Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lecture > Chapter 25: Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 25: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney has three layers…what are they

A
  1. outer conn tissue - renal fascia
  2. peripheral fat - cusioning / protection
  3. Fibrous capsule - prevents infections from spreading into the kidney
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name A, B, C, D, E

A

A = adrenal gland

B = Cortex

C = Medulla

D = Renal Vein

E = Renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many pyramids are in the medulla

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where does the narrow portion of the medulla combine and join into?

A

renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define nephron

A

basic unit of hte kidney, one filter, nephron starts in the cortex and ends in th emedulla, most water gets absorbed here.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

after the blood enters the kidney,it travels to the

A

glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the proximal and distal tubule are seperated by the

A

loop of hnele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

urine is stored in what part of th ekidney before it moves

A

renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what tube carries urine outside the body from the bladder

A

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the kidneys are located

A

near the middle of the back, or either side of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is at the beginning of the nephron and what is it’s function

A

glomerulus

network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering the blod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what surrounds the glomerulus and what is it’s funciton

A

Bowman’s capsule

blood is filtered through the capillaries of the glomerulus into the bowman’s capsul. bowman’s empties the filtrate into a tubule that is also part of the nephron

filtrates: Na+, gucose and amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the glomerulus receives its blood supply from an _________ arteriole of the renal circulation

A

afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the glomerulus drains into an __________ arteriole rather than a venule

A

efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the proximal convoluted tubule

A

portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from bowman’s capsule to the loop of henle.

most absorption happens here

reabsorbs: glucose, sodium, H2O, and small amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where does most of the absoroption occur at?

A

the Proximal convouluted tubule

65% reabsortopn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the loop of henle

A

portion of the nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.

function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the four parts of the loop of henle

A

descending limb

ascending limb

thick ascending limb

cortical thick ascending limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the thin descending limb of loop of henle permeable to

A

low permeability to ions and urea, while being highly permeable to water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the thin ascending limb of loop of henle permeable to

A

is not permeable to water, but it is permeable to ions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the function of the thick ascending limb of lopp of henle

A

sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl_) ions are reabsorbed from the urine by secondary active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the function of the cortical thick ascending limb

A

drains urine into the distal convoluted tubule

23
Q

where is the distal convoluted tubule located on the nephron and what is it’s function

A

between the loop of henle and the collecting duct system.

partily responsible for the regulation of potassium, sodium, calcium, and pH. primary site for the kidney’s hormone based regularion of calcium (Ca).

24
Q

how does the distal convoluted tubule regulate pH

A

by absorting bicarbonate and secreting protons (H+) into the filtrate or by absorting protons and secreting bicarbonate into the filtrate

25
Q

how are sodium and potassium levels controlled by in the distal convoluted tubule

A

by secreting K+ and absorbing Na+. sodium absoroption is mediated by the hormone aldosterone.

26
Q

describe the collecting duct and it’s function

A

series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter.

function is electrolye and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion

27
Q

COLLECTING DUCT: in the absence of ADH, water in the renal filtrate is left alone to enter the urine, promoting _______

A

IN diuresis

28
Q

COLLECTING DUCT: when ADH is present, aquaporins allow for the reabsorption of this water, thereby inhibity

A

diuresis

29
Q

what release Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

A

atria cells

30
Q

what occurs when Atrial Natriuretic Peptide is released

A

decreases sodium (Na+) in the blood, leads to lower water in blood, blood pressure and volume decrease

31
Q

what does the juxtaglomerular appartus regulate

A

the function of the nephron.

regulates renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.

32
Q

where is the juxtaglomerular appartus located

A

between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distalconvoluted tubule

33
Q

define hypertonic

A

when there is a greater concetration of solute than solvent in a solution

34
Q

define hypotonic

A

when there is a lesser concentration o fsolute than solvent in a solution

35
Q

define isotonic

A

when the concentration of solute and solvent are in equilibrium within a solution

36
Q

COLLECTING DUCT: the permeability of cell membranes to water depends upon th epresence of water channels known as

A

aquaporins

37
Q

label 1-8

A
  1. glomerulus
  2. renal artery
  3. distal convoluted tubule
  4. loop of henle
  5. arteriole
  6. bowman’s capsule
  7. proximal convoluted tubule
  8. collecting tubule
38
Q

the number of AQP2 channels on the membrane is regulated by the hormone

A

vasopressin also known as antidiuretic hormone

39
Q

list all the parts of the nephron in order of fluid flow

A
  1. glomerulus
  2. bowmans capsule
  3. proximal convoluted tubule
  4. loop of henle
  5. distal convoluted tubule
  6. collecting ducts
40
Q

is the loop of hnel and collecting ducts part of the medulla or cortex

A

medulla

41
Q

what is the epithelium of the organs of the urinary system?

A

urinary bladder / ureters - transitional

urethra - stratified squamous and columnar

nephron - tubules are simple cuboidal

42
Q

what is the functionof the macula densa?

A

chemoreceptor that senses concentration of urine and urine flow in distal convoluted tube

43
Q

define glomerular filtration

A

process by which the body deposits waste products into kidneys

44
Q

define tubular reabsorption

A

process by which fluids and nutrients reabsorb into body

45
Q

what effect would an increase in blood pressure have on:

glomerular filtration rate =

urine output =

release of renin =

A

glomerular = increase

urine output = increase

release of renin = decrease

46
Q

what is the effect of angiotensin on glomerlur filtration rate?

where is angiotensin made

A

increase (aldosterone, angiotensin and ADH increase the glomerular filtration)

liver

47
Q

what is the effect of an increase of aldosterone on Na+?

K+?

A

increase it

decreases it

48
Q

obstruction of the renal artery will affect glomerlur filtration how?

A

slow it down

49
Q

Principal cells are the distal convoluted tubules and 1st part of collecti ducts: how do they respond to increased levels of ADH? aldosterone?

A

increase absorption of water

increase absorption of Na+

50
Q

urine is hypotonic (dilute) when ADH is high or low?

A

low

51
Q

what is the dialy urine output?

A

1-2L

52
Q

what are the normal and abnormal constituents of urine

A

normal - 95% water, Na+, urea

abnormal - blood, bacteria, protein, glucouse, ketone, hemoglobin, stones/crumbs

53
Q

have a mother freaken awesome weekend studying!!

peace out homies!!

A
54
Q

Review of Renin Production in Kidney

Khan Academy Video

A

Lecture (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions