Chapter 25: Urinary System Flashcards
Kidney has three layers…what are they
- outer conn tissue - renal fascia
- peripheral fat - cusioning / protection
- Fibrous capsule - prevents infections from spreading into the kidney
name A, B, C, D, E
A = adrenal gland
B = Cortex
C = Medulla
D = Renal Vein
E = Renal artery
how many pyramids are in the medulla
8
where does the narrow portion of the medulla combine and join into?
renal pelvis
define nephron
basic unit of hte kidney, one filter, nephron starts in the cortex and ends in th emedulla, most water gets absorbed here.
after the blood enters the kidney,it travels to the
glomerulus
the proximal and distal tubule are seperated by the
loop of hnele
urine is stored in what part of th ekidney before it moves
renal pelvis
what tube carries urine outside the body from the bladder
urethra
the kidneys are located
near the middle of the back, or either side of the spine
what is at the beginning of the nephron and what is it’s function
glomerulus
network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering the blod
what surrounds the glomerulus and what is it’s funciton
Bowman’s capsule
blood is filtered through the capillaries of the glomerulus into the bowman’s capsul. bowman’s empties the filtrate into a tubule that is also part of the nephron
filtrates: Na+, gucose and amino acids
the glomerulus receives its blood supply from an _________ arteriole of the renal circulation
afferent
the glomerulus drains into an __________ arteriole rather than a venule
efferent
describe the proximal convoluted tubule
portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from bowman’s capsule to the loop of henle.
most absorption happens here
reabsorbs: glucose, sodium, H2O, and small amino acids
where does most of the absoroption occur at?
the Proximal convouluted tubule
65% reabsortopn
what is the loop of henle
portion of the nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.
function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
what are the four parts of the loop of henle
descending limb
ascending limb
thick ascending limb
cortical thick ascending limb
what is the thin descending limb of loop of henle permeable to
low permeability to ions and urea, while being highly permeable to water.
what is the thin ascending limb of loop of henle permeable to
is not permeable to water, but it is permeable to ions.
what is the function of the thick ascending limb of lopp of henle
sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl_) ions are reabsorbed from the urine by secondary active transport
what is the function of the cortical thick ascending limb
drains urine into the distal convoluted tubule
where is the distal convoluted tubule located on the nephron and what is it’s function
between the loop of henle and the collecting duct system.
partily responsible for the regulation of potassium, sodium, calcium, and pH. primary site for the kidney’s hormone based regularion of calcium (Ca).
how does the distal convoluted tubule regulate pH
by absorting bicarbonate and secreting protons (H+) into the filtrate or by absorting protons and secreting bicarbonate into the filtrate
how are sodium and potassium levels controlled by in the distal convoluted tubule
by secreting K+ and absorbing Na+. sodium absoroption is mediated by the hormone aldosterone.
describe the collecting duct and it’s function
series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter.
function is electrolye and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion
COLLECTING DUCT: in the absence of ADH, water in the renal filtrate is left alone to enter the urine, promoting _______
IN diuresis
COLLECTING DUCT: when ADH is present, aquaporins allow for the reabsorption of this water, thereby inhibity
diuresis
what release Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
atria cells
what occurs when Atrial Natriuretic Peptide is released
decreases sodium (Na+) in the blood, leads to lower water in blood, blood pressure and volume decrease
what does the juxtaglomerular appartus regulate
the function of the nephron.
regulates renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.
where is the juxtaglomerular appartus located
between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distalconvoluted tubule
define hypertonic
when there is a greater concetration of solute than solvent in a solution
define hypotonic
when there is a lesser concentration o fsolute than solvent in a solution
define isotonic
when the concentration of solute and solvent are in equilibrium within a solution
COLLECTING DUCT: the permeability of cell membranes to water depends upon th epresence of water channels known as
aquaporins
label 1-8
- glomerulus
- renal artery
- distal convoluted tubule
- loop of henle
- arteriole
- bowman’s capsule
- proximal convoluted tubule
- collecting tubule
the number of AQP2 channels on the membrane is regulated by the hormone
vasopressin also known as antidiuretic hormone
list all the parts of the nephron in order of fluid flow
- glomerulus
- bowmans capsule
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of henle
- distal convoluted tubule
- collecting ducts
is the loop of hnel and collecting ducts part of the medulla or cortex
medulla
what is the epithelium of the organs of the urinary system?
urinary bladder / ureters - transitional
urethra - stratified squamous and columnar
nephron - tubules are simple cuboidal
what is the functionof the macula densa?
chemoreceptor that senses concentration of urine and urine flow in distal convoluted tube
define glomerular filtration
process by which the body deposits waste products into kidneys
define tubular reabsorption
process by which fluids and nutrients reabsorb into body
what effect would an increase in blood pressure have on:
glomerular filtration rate =
urine output =
release of renin =
glomerular = increase
urine output = increase
release of renin = decrease
what is the effect of angiotensin on glomerlur filtration rate?
where is angiotensin made
increase (aldosterone, angiotensin and ADH increase the glomerular filtration)
liver
what is the effect of an increase of aldosterone on Na+?
K+?
increase it
decreases it
obstruction of the renal artery will affect glomerlur filtration how?
slow it down
Principal cells are the distal convoluted tubules and 1st part of collecti ducts: how do they respond to increased levels of ADH? aldosterone?
increase absorption of water
increase absorption of Na+
urine is hypotonic (dilute) when ADH is high or low?
low
what is the dialy urine output?
1-2L
what are the normal and abnormal constituents of urine
normal - 95% water, Na+, urea
abnormal - blood, bacteria, protein, glucouse, ketone, hemoglobin, stones/crumbs
have a mother freaken awesome weekend studying!!
peace out homies!!
Review of Renin Production in Kidney
Khan Academy Video
