Endocrine System Review Sheet Flashcards
Hormones act at specific target organs because these organs contain _______________ specific for the hormones
receptors
Growth hormone, secreted by the _______________ gland, stimulates growth of bones and muscle
anterior pituitary
_______________ (hormone) from the anterior pituitary stimulates secretion of cortisol from the _______________ (gland)
ACTH, adrenal cortex
The anterior pituitary consists of _______________ tissue
glandular
The parafollicular or C-cells of the _______________ gland produce _______________, a peptide hormone that lowers plasma calcium levels
thyroid, calcitonin
Hormones secreted b the pancreatic islets of the pancreas include ____________ from the alpha cells and ____________ from the beta cells
glucagon, insulin
Which hormone raises blood glucose levels?
glucagon
One hypothalamic hormone ____________ is essential for the stress response and another ____________ inhibits release of prolactin
ACTH or CRH, dopamine
____________ (hormone) is a stimulus for sperm production in the male and maturation of ovarian follicles in the female.
FSH
____________ secreted by the pineal gland, helps regulate body activities with the light-dark cycle.
melatonin
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex primarily produces the hormone,____________, which acts on the ____________ (organ) to increase ____________ (electrolyte) reabsorption.
aldosterone, kidneys, Na+
____________ (gland) is a modified sympathetic ganglion producing the amine (protein) hormones ____________ and ____________ (two hormones)
adrenal medulla, epinephrine and noepinephrine
Nuclei in the ventral hypothalamus produce 2 hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary. Name the 2 nuclei that produce these hormones and name the two hormones.
supraoptic and paraventric, they make and store oxytocin and ADH
Thyroid hormones include two molecules called ____________ and ____________
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothryonine (T3)
T3 consists of two ____________ molecules plus ____________ iodine molecules and is ____________ abundant than T4
tyrosine, 3, less
All steroid hormones are derived from ____________
cholesterol
Steroid hormones enter the bloodstream by ____________ and require ____________
diffusion, a carrier
The rate of secretion of steroid hormones is ____________ than that of catecholamines because steroid hormones are not ____________
slower, stored
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers trigger the release of ____________ and ____________ (hormones) from the ____________ (gland).
epinephrine and norepinephrine, adrenal medulla
The anterior pituitary is composed of ____________ tissue
glandular
Name the 6 classic hormones whose functions are well known
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH
In negative feedback, the target hormone feeds back to alter the release of the anterior or hypothalamic hormones, thus ____________ its own release
decreasing
Give an example of a hormone that has negative feedback mainly to the anterior pituitary.
FSH-produces eggs in females and sperm in males
and
LH-ovulation in women and testosterone in men
Suckling of an infant causes milk letdown by stimulating what hormone?
oxytocin
Epinephrine is a ____________ hormone. Thus it ____________require a protein carrier and the receptors at the target cell are located____________
hydrophilic, does, on the membrane
