Endocrine System Review Sheet

Question 1

Hormones act at specific target organs because these organs contain _______________ specific for the hormones

Answer 1

receptors

Question 2

Growth hormone, secreted by the _______________ gland, stimulates growth of bones and muscle

Answer 2

anterior pituitary

Question 3

_______________ (hormone) from the anterior pituitary stimulates secretion of cortisol from the _______________ (gland)

Answer 3

ACTH, adrenal cortex

Question 4

The anterior pituitary consists of _______________ tissue

Answer 4

glandular

Question 5

The parafollicular or C-cells of the _______________ gland produce _______________, a peptide hormone that lowers plasma calcium levels

Answer 5

thyroid, calcitonin

Question 6

Hormones secreted b the pancreatic islets of the pancreas include ____________ from the alpha cells and ____________ from the beta cells

Answer 6

glucagon, insulin

Question 7

Which hormone raises blood glucose levels?

Answer 7

glucagon

Question 8

One hypothalamic hormone ____________ is essential for the stress response and another ____________ inhibits release of prolactin

Answer 8

ACTH or CRH, dopamine

Question 9

____________ (hormone) is a stimulus for sperm production in the male and maturation of ovarian follicles in the female.

Answer 9

FSH

Question 10

____________ secreted by the pineal gland, helps regulate body activities with the light-dark cycle.

Answer 10

melatonin

Question 11

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex primarily produces the hormone,____________, which acts on the ____________ (organ) to increase ____________ (electrolyte) reabsorption.

Answer 11

aldosterone, kidneys, Na+

Question 12

____________ (gland) is a modified sympathetic ganglion producing the amine (protein) hormones ____________ and ____________ (two hormones)

Answer 12

adrenal medulla, epinephrine and noepinephrine

Question 13

Nuclei in the ventral hypothalamus produce 2 hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary. Name the 2 nuclei that produce these hormones and name the two hormones.

Answer 13

supraoptic and paraventric, they make and store oxytocin and ADH

Question 14

Thyroid hormones include two molecules called ____________ and ____________

Answer 14

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothryonine (T3)

Question 15

T3 consists of two ____________ molecules plus ____________ iodine molecules and is ____________ abundant than T4

Answer 15

tyrosine, 3, less

Question 16

All steroid hormones are derived from ____________

Answer 16

cholesterol

Question 17

Steroid hormones enter the bloodstream by ____________ and require ____________

Answer 17

diffusion, a carrier

Question 18

The rate of secretion of steroid hormones is ____________ than that of catecholamines because steroid hormones are not ____________

Answer 18

slower, stored

Question 19

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers trigger the release of ____________ and ____________ (hormones) from the ____________ (gland).

Answer 19

epinephrine and norepinephrine, adrenal medulla

Question 20

The anterior pituitary is composed of ____________ tissue

Answer 20

glandular

Question 21

Name the 6 classic hormones whose functions are well known

Answer 21

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH

Question 22

In negative feedback, the target hormone feeds back to alter the release of the anterior or hypothalamic hormones, thus ____________ its own release

Answer 22

decreasing

Question 23

Give an example of a hormone that has negative feedback mainly to the anterior pituitary.

Answer 23

FSH-produces eggs in females and sperm in males
and
LH-ovulation in women and testosterone in men

Question 24

Suckling of an infant causes milk letdown by stimulating what hormone?

Answer 24

oxytocin

Question 25

Epinephrine is a ____________ hormone. Thus it ____________require a protein carrier and the receptors at the target cell are located____________

Answer 25

hydrophilic, does, on the membrane