specialized cells

Question 1

define specialised cells

Answer 1

has unique structure to allow it to carry out particular function

Question 2

list all special animal cells (7)

Answer 2

nerve cells/neurons
red blood cell
phagocyte
lymphocyte
smooth muscle cell
sperm
ovum

Question 3

nerve cells/neurons

Answer 3

many branches called dendrites, long axon to pass on messages to other nerve cells
transmit messages around body

Question 4

red blood cell

Answer 4

biconcave disc contains haemoglobin no nucleus
transport oxygen around body

Question 5

phagocyte

Answer 5

variable shape lobed nucleus pseudopodia
engulf disease causing organisms (pathogens)

Question 6

lymphocyte

Answer 6

large round nucleus which controls production of antibodies
produces antibodies which protect body against pathogens

Question 7

smooth muscle cells

Answer 7

elongated shape changes to spindle shape when contracting
movement

Question 8

sperm

Answer 8

head middle piece tail
pass on genetic information information from father to offspring (male gamete)

Question 9

ovum

Answer 9

largest cell in human body jelly coat usual organelles
pass on genetic information from mother to offspring (female gamete)

Question 10

list special plant cells (5)

Answer 10

palisade cells
root hair cell
guard cell
xylem
phoem

Question 11

palisade cell

Answer 11

typical plant cell structure but with many chloroplasts
photosynthesis

Question 12

root hair cell

Answer 12

long narrow extension
absorption of nutrients and water from soil

Question 13

guard cells

Answer 13

pair of kidney shaped cells less flexible inner cell wall
control of stomatal opening
water exits co2 enters

Question 14

xylem

Answer 14

long dead hallow rigid tube like straw liquified cell walls
transport water in plant

Question 15

phloem

Answer 15

long sieve tubes partially broken down walls forming sieve plates
transport sugar from leaves to other parts of plants