classification Flashcards
list three reasons for classification
1) to help identify organisms
2) to better understand their relationships and connections
3) to understand organism evolution
define classification
process of arranging organisms into groups based on similar characteristics
define artificial classification
involves grouping organisms based on observable physical characteristics only
what is a dichotomous key
often used in diagrams dividing organisms into 2 groups at a time usually until each organism has been identified
only used characteristics u can see/measure
define taxonomy
study of classifying
naming describing classifying of organisms
what classification system is commonly used
Linnean classification
list the 8 levels of the linnean classification system
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
define prokaryotes (5)
organisms possessing genetic material not bound by a membrane within cell
single cell/unicellular
does not have nucleus
contains bacteria kingdom
before nucleus
define eukaryotes
organisms possessing genetic material bound by double membrane
multicellular
have nucleus
contains animal plant fungi protist kingdoms
true nucleus
what does “kary” mean
means nucleus of a cell
list 5 kingdoms
bacteria, animal, fungi, plants, protists
why do viruses not belong to any kingdom
have no ability to carry out grimner on their own
needs an organism and cannot survive in a test tube on their own
define chordates
phylum of the animal kingdom
commonly known as vertebrates
include all animals with a backbone
divided into 5 classes
what are the five classes of chordates
animals birds reptiles amphibians fish
what is the scientific name for warm blooded
homeothermic
what is the scientific name for cold blooded
poikilothermic
fish (4)
cold blooded
gills
scales and fins
lay eggs or live birth in water
amphibians (4)
cold blooded
gills and lungs
thin moist skin
lay jelly like eggs in water
reptiles (4)
cold blooded
lungs
scales
lay feathery eggs in land/live birth
bird (4)
warm blooded
lungs
feathers
lay hard eggs on land
mammals (4)
warm blooded
lungs
hair
live birth and feed young milk
classification of human
kingdom - animals (organisms able to move on their own)
phylum - chordates (animals with a backbone)
class - mammals (chordates with fur and animal glands
order - primates (mammals with collar bones and grasping fingers)
family - hominins (primates with relatively flat faces and 3d vision)
genus - homo (hominins with upright posture and large brains)
species - homo sapiens (members of the genus homo with a Hight forehead and thin skull bones)
define arthropods (4)
invertebrates
have an exoskeleton (waterproof outer covering)
animals with several pairs of jointed legs
segmented bodies
list the 5 classes of arthropods
insects, chilopods, diplopods, crustacea, arachnids
insects (6)
3 body segments - head body thorax
3 pairs of jointed legs
1 pair of antennae
usually 2 pairs of wings (sometimes vestigial)
breathe through tracheae
butterfly, ant, grasshopper
arachnid (4)
head and thorax fused to form cephalothorax
4 pairs of jointed legs
breathe through gills called book lungs
spiders scorpions ticks mites
chilopods (4)
many body segments (14-20)
1 pair of jointed legs per segment
front segment has large pair of poison claws
centipedes
(carnivores)
diplopod (3)
many body segments (50)
2 pairs of jointed legs per segment
millipedes (detritovores)
crustacea (3)
more than 4 pairs of jointed legs
breathe through gills ‘woodlice lobsters shrimp crabs
define binomial nomenclature
each organism given a scientific name made up of the genus and species
