diet

Question 1

what is energy in food measured in

Answer 1

joules J or kJ
Calories Cal or kCal

Question 2

how is food classified

Answer 2

classified into 7 main food groups based on types of nutrients these foods provide for the body

Question 3

define nutrients

Answer 3

chemical substance in food essential for proper functioning of your body

Question 4

what are the five processes that is in involved in the heterotrophic nutrition

Answer 4

ingestion: the process by which food is taken into the body via the mouth
digestion: the process by which food is broken down into simple soluble food molecules
absorption: the process by which soluble food molecules, produced in digestion, move into body fluids and body cells
assimilation: process by which the body uses soluble food molecules absorbed after digestion
egestion or defaecation: process by which undigested food material is removed from body

Question 5

define a balanced diet

Answer 5

made up of food from all food groups in correct amounts to meet the needs of the individual to supply the body with enough energy for daily activities and the correct materials for growth and development and to keep the body in a healthy state

Question 6

state functions for carbs

Answer 6

to provide energy as main source for the body
17kJ per g
energy is easily released when respired
for storage
glycogen granules are stored in many cells

Question 7

sources for carbs

Answer 7

sweet foods – fruits cakes jams
starchy foods – yams potatoes rice

Question 8

deficiency for carbs

Answer 8

weight loss
can contribute to marasmus along with deficiency of other food groups

Question 9

carbs taken in excess

Answer 9

weight gain
leads to obesity and other related diseases

Question 10

state protein functions

Answer 10

to make new cells for growth and to repair damaged tissues
to make enzymes which catalyse reactions in the body
to make hormones which control various processes in the body
to make antibodies to fight diseases
to provide energy 17kJ per g used only when stored carbs and lipids have been used up

Question 11

sources of proteins

Answer 11

fish lean meat milk cheese eggs peas beans nuts

Question 12

deficiency of proteins

Answer 12

loss of body mass
wasting of muscles
kwashiorkor

Question 13

proteins taken in excess

Answer 13

broken down in liver and excreted by kidneys
not stored

Question 14

functions of lipids

Answer 14

to make cell membranes of newly formed cells
to provide energy 39 kJ per g used after carbs because their metabolism is more complex and takes longer
for storage fat is stored under the skin and around organs
for insulation fat under skin acts as an insulator

Question 15

sources of lipids

Answer 15

fats from animals – butter chocolate fry foods
fats from plants — olive oil avacado nuts seeds

Question 16

deficiency of lipids

Answer 16

contributes to marasmus

Question 17

if lipids taken in excess

Answer 17

weight gain
obesity
heart disease
hypertension

Question 18

define vitamins

Answer 18

organic compounds that are required in small amounts for healthy growth and development
micronutrients

Question 19

vitamin a source

Answer 19

liver
carrots
pumpkin
spinach

Question 20

vitamin a function

Answer 20

helps to keep skin cornea and mucous membranes healthy
helps vision in dim light (night vision)
strengthens the immune system

Question 21

vitamin a deficiency

Answer 21

dry unhealthy skin and cornea
increased susceptibility to infection
reduced vision at night or complete night blindness
xerophthalmia – eyes fail to produce tears leading to a dry damaged cornea and sometimes blindness

Question 22

vitamin b1 source

Answer 22

whole grain cereals
bread
brown rice
peas
beans nuts

Question 23

vitamin b1 functions

Answer 23

aids in respiration to produce energy
important for the proper functioning of the nervous system

Question 24

vitamin b1 deficiency

Answer 24

beri beri –weakness and pain in the limb muscles
difficulty walking
nervous system disorders
paralysis

Question 25

vitamin b3 sources

Answer 25

fish lean meats whole grain cereals yeast extract

Question 26

vitamin b3 functions

Answer 26

aids in respiration to produce energy

Question 27

vitamin b3 deficiency

Answer 27

pellagra -- skin digestive system and nervous system disorders resulting in dermatitis and diarrhoea and dementia

Question 28

vitamin c source

Answer 28

oranges papayas west indian cherries

Question 29

vitamin c functions

Answer 29

keeps tissues healthy especially skin and connective tissue strengthens immune system for absorption of iron by bones

Question 30

vitamin c deficiency

Answer 30

scurvy -- swollen and bleeding gums, loose teetu or loss of teeth, red blue spots on the skin, muscle and joint pain, wounds do not heal increased susceptibility to infection

Question 31

vitamin d source

Answer 31

oily fish eggs cod liver oil made in the body by action of sunlight in skin

Question 32

vitamin d functions

Answer 32

promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorous in the ileum helps build and maintain strong bones and teeth strengthens immune system

Question 33

vitamin d deficiency

Answer 33

rickets in children soft weak painful deformed bones especially limb bones bow legs osteomalacia in adults soft weak and painful bones that fracture easily weakness of limb muscles poor teeth

Question 34

which vitamins are fat soluble

Answer 34

Vitamin A and D

Question 35

which vitamins are water soluble

Answer 35

vitamin c and b

Question 36

what can a surplus of vitamin a do

Answer 36

cause liver damage itchy skin cracked fingernails blurry vision nausea headaches fatigue

Question 37

what can a surplus of vitamin d do

Answer 37

high levels of calcium in blood excessive thirst and urination loss of appetite nausea vomiting calcification of soft tissues such as kidneys lungs and inside blood vessels development of kidney stones

Question 38

define minerals

Answer 38

inorganic substances required in small amounts for healthy growth and development that is they are micronutrients

Question 39

sources of calcium

Answer 39

milk cheese yoghurt broccoli

Question 40

function of calcium

Answer 40

to build and maintain healthy bones and teeth helps blood to clot at cuts

Question 41

deficiency of calcium

Answer 41

rickets in children osteoporosis in adults brittle fragile bones weak brittle nails tooth decay

Question 42

sources of phosphorous

Answer 42

milk cheese meat poultry

Question 43

function of phosphorous

Answer 43

to build and maintain healthy bones and teeth to make atp an energy rich compoud

Question 44

deficiency of phosphorous

Answer 44

weak bones and teeth tiredness and lack of energy

Question 45

sources of iron

Answer 45

red meat liver eggs beans nuts

Question 46

function of iron

Answer 46

to make haemoglobin red pigment in red blood cells

Question 47

deficiency of iron

Answer 47

anaemia reduced numbers of red blood cells in the blood pale complexion tiredness lack of energy

Question 48

source of iodine

Answer 48

fish shellfish seaweed milk eggs

Question 49

function of iodine

Answer 49

to make hormone thyroxine

Question 50

deficiency of iodine

Answer 50

cretinism in children'; retarded physical and mental development goitre in adults; swollen thyroid gland in the neck reduced metabolic rate leading to fatigue in adults

Question 51

source of sodium and potassium

Answer 51

table salt cheese cured meats fruits vegs

Question 52

functions of sodium and potassium

Answer 52

needed for transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contractions help maintain the correct concentration of body fluids

Question 53

deficiency of sodium and potassium

Answer 53

muscular cramps

Question 54

sources of fluorine

Answer 54

fluoridated tap water fluoride toothpaste

Question 55

function of fluorine

Answer 55

strengthens tooth enamel making it more resistant to decay

Question 56

deficiency of fluorine

Answer 56

teeth decay more rapidly than normal

Question 57

result of surplus of calcium

Answer 57

calcification of soft tissues especially kidneys and inside blood vessels development of kidney stones

Question 58

surplus of sodium

Answer 58

raise blood pressure resulting in hypertension causes body to retain fluid cause kidney damage

Question 59

surplus of iron results in what

Answer 59

liver damage

Question 60

define water

Answer 60

inorganic compound that is essential in a balanced diet human body is about 65% water

Question 61

functions of water

Answer 61

dissolves chemical in cells so they can react dissolves substances so that they can be transported around the body eg products of digestion dissolved in blood plasma dissolves waste substances sp that they can be excreted from body eg urea acts as reactant eg in hydrolysis which occurs during digestion acts as coolant removing heat from body when it evaporates from sweat

Question 62

define roughage

Answer 62

food that cannot be digested consists mainly of cellulose of plant cell walls lignin of plant xylem vessles husks of brown rice bran of whole grain cereals

Question 63

what does roughage add to a meal

Answer 63

bulk to the food which stimulates peristalsis so that food is kept moving through digestive system this helps prevent constipation and reduces risk of colon cancer