diet

Question 1

why do we need food

Answer 1

provides us with the energy to do work
to carry out vital functions of the body
substances that our body needs for good health and resisting diseases
the building materials needed for growth of new cells and the repair of damaged cells

Question 2

what is energy in food measured in

Answer 2

joules J or kJ
Calories Cal or kCal

Question 3

how is food classified

Answer 3

classified into 7 main food groups based on types of nutrients these foods provide for the body

Question 4

define nutrients

Answer 4

chemical substance in food essential for proper functioning of your body

Question 5

what are the five processes that is in involved in the heterotrophic nutrition

Answer 5

ingestion: the process by which food is taken into the body via the mouth
digestion: the process by which food is broken down into simple soluble food molecules
absorption: the process by which soluble food molecules, produced in digestion, move into body fluids and body cells
assimilation: process by which the body uses soluble food molecules absorbed after digestion
egestion or defaecation: process by which undigested food material is removed from body

Question 6

define a balanced diet

Answer 6

made up of food from all food groups in correct amounts to meet the needs of the individual to supply the body with enough energy for daily activities and the correct materials for growth and development and to keep the body in a healthy state

Question 7

state functions for carbs

Answer 7

to provide energy as main source for the body
17kJ per g
energy is easily released when respired
for storage
glycogen granules are stored in many cells

Question 8

sources for carbs

Answer 8

sweet foods – fruits cakes jams
starchy foods – yams potatoes rice

Question 9

deficiency for carbs

Answer 9

weight loss
can contribute to marasmus along with deficiency of other food groups

Question 10

carbs taken in excess

Answer 10

weight gain
leads to obesity and other related diseases

Question 11

state protein functions

Answer 11

to make new cells for growth and to repair damaged tissues
to make enzymes which catalyse reactions in the body
to make hormones which control various processes in the body
to make antibodies to fight diseases
to provide energy 17kJ per g used only when stored carbs and lipids have been used up

Question 12

sources of proteins

Answer 12

fish lean meat milk cheese eggs peas beans nuts

Question 13

deficiency of proteins

Answer 13

loss of body mass
wasting of muscles
kwashiorkor

Question 14

proteins taken in excess

Answer 14

broken down in liver and excreted by kidneys
not stored

Question 15

functions of lipids

Answer 15

to make cell membranes of newly formed cells
to provide energy 39 kJ per g used after carbs because their metabolism is more complex and takes longer
for storage fat is stored under the skin and around organs
for insulation fat under skin acts as an insulator

Question 16

sources of lipids

Answer 16

fats from animals – butter chocolate fry foods
fats from plants — olive oil avacado nuts seeds

Question 17

deficiency of lipids

Answer 17

contributes to marasmus

Question 18

if lipids taken in excess

Answer 18

weight gain
obesity
heart disease
hypertension

Question 19

define vitamins

Answer 19

organic compounds that are required in small amounts for healthy growth and development
micronutrients

Question 20

vitamin a source

Answer 20

liver
carrots
pumpkin
spinach

Question 21

vitamin a function

Answer 21

helps to keep skin cornea and mucous membranes healthy
helps vision in dim light (night vision)
strengthens the immune system

Question 22

vitamin a deficiency

Answer 22

dry unhealthy skin and cornea
increased susceptibility to infection
reduced vision at night or complete night blindness
xerophthalmia – eyes fail to produce tears leading to a dry damaged cornea and sometimes blindness

Question 23

vitamin b1 source

Answer 23

whole grain cereals
bread
brown rice
peas
beans nuts

Question 24

vitamin b1 functions

Answer 24

aids in respiration to produce energy
important for the proper functioning of the nervous system and the heart

Question 25

vitamin b1 deficiency

Answer 25

beri beri –weakness and pain in the limb muscles
difficulty walking
nervous system disorders
paralysis

Question 26

vitamin b3 sources

Answer 26

fish
lean meats
whole grain cereals
yeast extract

Question 27

vitamin b3 functions

Answer 27

aids in respiration to produce energy

Question 28

vitamin b3 deficiency

Answer 28

pellagra – skin digestive system and nervous system disorders resulting in dermatitis and diarrhoea and dementia

Question 29

vitamin c source

Answer 29

oranges
papayas
west indian cherries

Question 30

vitamin c functions

Answer 30

keeps tissues healthy
especially skin and connective tissue
strengthens immune system
for absorption of iron by bones

Question 31

vitamin c deficiency

Answer 31

scurvy – swollen and bleeding gums, loose teetu or loss of teeth, red blue spots on the skin, muscle and joint pain, wounds do not heal
increased susceptibility to infection

Question 32

vitamin d source

Answer 32

oily fish
eggs
cod liver oil
made in the body by action of sunlight in skin

Question 33

vitamin d functions

Answer 33

promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorous in the ileum
helps build and maintain strong bones and teeth
strengthens immune system