leaf structure relation to photosynthesis Flashcards
how has the waxy cuticle adapted for photosynthesis
on outside of both upper and lower epidermis are waterproof to prevent leaves losing water that is needed for photosynthesis
how has stomatal pores adapted
which are present throughout the lower epidermis allow co2 to diffuse into the leaf and o2 to diffuse out
how palisade mesophyll cells adapted
which are direclty below upper epidermis and closest to sunlight contain a large number of chloroplasts to maximise the amount of light energy absorbed
arranged at 90 degree to leafs surface to minimuise the loss of sunlight energy which occurs as it passes through cell walls and also to allow chloroplasts to move to top of cells in dim light to maximise the amount og light absorbed
how have intercellular air spaces adapted
between spongy mesophyll cells allow carbon dioxide to diffuse to all mesophyll cells and oxygen to diffuse away
how have xylem cells adapted
in the veins running through the leaf supply all the mesophyll cells with water and mineral ions
how have phloem sieve tubes adapted
in the veins transport the soluble food made in photosynthesis away from mesophyll cells to other parts of the plant
how do leaves adapt to cold climates
leaves reduced in size
needle like in appearance
sunken stomata to reduce water loss
how do leaves adapt to hot climates
leaves reduced to spines to conserve water
succulent stems
how do leaves adapt to aquatic climates
wide lamina to float
thick waxy cuticle to repel water
how do leaves adapt to tropical rainforest plants
to capture maximum sunlight they have extra broad leaves
epiphytes such as bromeliads orchids
ferns live high up on trees
how do plants adapt to nutrient poor environments
carnivorous plants such as venus fly trap
pitcher plant
