specialised cells

Question 1

Adaptations of sperm cells

Answer 1

Tail for movement
Many mitochondria for energy
Enzymes to digest egg membrane
swims to fertilise an egg
Acrosome (enzymes in head) – Breaks down the outer layer of the egg.

Question 2

Adaptations of nerve cells

Answer 2

Long and thin – Helps carry signals over long distances.
Branched ends (dendrites) – Connects to other nerve cells.
Myelin sheath – Insulates the cell and speeds up impulses

Question 3

function of nerve cell

Answer 3

Function: Transmits electrical signals around the body

Question 4

function of sperm cell

Answer 4

Fertilises an egg cell (female gamete)

Question 5

Muscle Cell Function

Answer 5

Contracts to allow movement.

Question 6

adaptations of muscle cell

Answer 6

Long and flexible – Can contract and relax.
Many mitochondria – Provide energy for contraction.

Question 7

Root Hair Cell (Plant Cell) Function

Answer 7

Absorbs water and minerals from the soil.

Question 8

adaptations of root hair cell

Answer 8

Long extension (root hair) – Increases surface area for absorption.
Thin cell wall – Allows water to pass through easily.
No chloroplasts – Not needed underground.

Question 9

Red Blood Cell (Erythrocyte) function

Answer 9

Carries oxygen around the body.

Question 10

Adaptations of red blood cells

Answer 10

Biconcave shape – Increases surface area for oxygen absorption.

No nucleus – More space for haemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein).

Flexible – Can squeeze through tiny capillaries.

Question 11

function of white blood cell (Phagocyte & Lymphocyte) function

Answer 11

Defends the body against infection.

Question 12

adaptations of Phagocytes and Lymphocytes

Answer 12

Phagocytes – Can change shape to engulf pathogens.
Lymphocytes – Produce antibodies to fight infections.