Lungs

Question 1

Through where does the air enter?

Answer 1

Air enters through Trachea (windpipe)

Question 2

what’s a bronchi?

Answer 2

Two tubes leading to each lung.

Question 2

What are Bronchioles

Answer 2

Smaller tubes branching from bronchi

Question 3

What’s a lung?

Answer 3

Lung is an organ on your chest that helps you breath by taking in oxygen and removing CO2

Question 4

How many lungs do human have?

Answer 4

Humans have 2 lungs
One in the left and one in the right

Question 5

Which lung is smaller?

Answer 5

Left lung is smaller that the right lung

Question 6

why is left lung smaller than the right lung?

Answer 6

To make more space

Question 7

What are lungs filled with?

Answer 7

Lungs are filled with tiny air sacs called alveoli

Question 8

What are alveoli needed for?

Answer 8

Alveoli are needed for gas exchange

Question 9

1 bronchi is called?

Answer 9

bronchus

Question 10

2 bronchus are called?

Answer 10

Bronchi

Question 11

what are alveoli?

Answer 11

Alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas exchange happens

Question 12

How does gas exchange happen in alveoli?

Answer 12

Oxygen diffuses form alveoli into the blood

CO2 diffuses from blood into alveoli to be exhaled.

Question 13

Adaptations of alveoli.

Answer 13

Large surface area (more space for diffusion)

Thin walls (one cell thick) (shorter diffusion entrance)

Good blood supply. (maintains concentration gradient.)

Question 14

Breathing mechanism

Question 15

Describe how the structure of the lungs is adapted for gas exchange.

Answer 15

The lungs have millions of alveoli, which provide a large surface area for gas exchange.

The alveoli have thin walls (one cell thick) for a short diffusion distance. They are surrounded by capillaries to maintain a steep concentration gradient.

The lungs are also well ventilated to keep oxygen levels high and remove carbon dioxide efficiently.

Question 16

What is the function of the alveoli?

Answer 16

The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange happens. Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Question 17

How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 17

Large surface area – Increases the amount of gas that can be exchanged.

Thin walls (one cell thick) – Short diffusion distance for gases.

Good blood supply – Maintains a steep concentration gradient.

Moist lining – Helps gases dissolve for easier diffusion.

Question 18

What happens to the diaphragm when you inhale?

Answer 18

The diaphragm contracts and moves downwards, increasing the volume of the chest. This lowers the pressure, causing air to be drawn into the lungs.

Question 19

What happens to the diaphragm when you exhale?

Answer 19

The diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards, decreasing the volume of the chest. This increases the pressure, pushing air out of the lungs.

Question 20

How does smoking affect the lungs?

Answer 20

Damages the alveoli, reducing gas exchange.

Increases mucus production, leading to breathing difficulties.

Can cause diseases like lung cancer and COPD.

Question 20

What is the role of capillaries in the lungs?
Answer

Answer 20

Capillaries surround the alveoli and allow oxygen to move into the blood while carbon dioxide moves out of the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Question 21

What is ventilation?

Answer 21

Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs, involving inhalation (breathing in) and exhalation (breathing out).

Question 22

What is the difference between inhaled and exhaled air?

Answer 22

Inhaled air has more oxygen and less carbon dioxide.

Exhaled air has less oxygen, more carbon dioxide, and more water vapour because of respiration.

Question 23

How does oxygen move from the alveoli into the blood?

Answer 23

Oxygen moves by diffusion from a high concentration in the alveoli to a low concentration in the blood.

Question 24

Why is there a high concentration of oxygen in the alveoli?

Answer 24

Fresh air is constantly brought into the alveoli through ventilation (breathing in), keeping oxygen levels high.

Question 25

How does carbon dioxide leave the body?

Answer 25

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli and is then breathed out (exhaled).

Question 26

What is tidal volume?

Answer 26

Tidal volume is the amount of air breathed in and out in one normal breath

Question 27

What is vital capacity?

Answer 27

Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can breathe out after a deep breath in.

Question 28

How does exercise affect breathing?

Answer 28

Breathing rate increases to get more oxygen. Tidal volume increases to take in more air. More oxygen is delivered to muscles for respiration

Question 29

What is the role of mucus and cilia in the lungs?

Answer 29

Mucus traps dust and bacteria. Cilia are tiny hairs that move mucus out of the lungs to keep them clean.

Question 30

What is anaerobic respiration and how does it affect breathing?

Answer 30

Anaerobic respiration happens when there is not enough oxygen. It produces lactic acid, which must be broken down using oxygen. This creates an oxygen debt, making breathing rate stay high after exercise

Question 31

What is gas exchange?

Answer 31

Gas exchange is the movement of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood in the alveoli.

Question 32

How does asthma affect the lungs?

Answer 32

Asthma causes the airways to narrow and produce extra mucus, making breathing difficult.

Question 33

Why do people living at high altitudes have larger lungs

Answer 33

There is less oxygen in the air, so people develop larger lungs to take in more oxygen per breath.

Question 34

Explain the role of the alveoli in gas exchange. (4 marks)

Answer 34

The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange happens. They have a large surface area to increase the amount of gas that can diffuse in and out. The walls of the alveoli are one cell thick, so gases have a short distance to travel for diffusion. Capillaries surround the alveoli, providing a good blood supply, which helps maintain a concentration gradient for oxygen to move into the blood and carbon dioxide to move out.

Question 35

Describe what happens to the pressure inside the chest during inhalation. (3 marks)

Answer 35

During inhalation, the chest volume increases as the diaphragm contracts and the ribs move up and out. This causes the pressure inside the chest to decrease. The lower pressure in the chest causes air to move into the lungs (from high pressure outside the body to low pressure inside).

Question 36

What is the effect of a large surface area in the alveoli on gas exchange? (2 marks)

Answer 36

A large surface area in the alveoli allows for more oxygen to diffuse into the blood and more carbon dioxide to diffuse out. This increases the rate of gas exchange, making it more efficient.

Question 37

Why is the alveolar wall only one cell thick? (2 marks)

Answer 37

The alveolar wall is one cell thick to reduce the distance oxygen and carbon dioxide need to travel, allowing for faster diffusion. This thin barrier helps make gas exchange more efficient.

Question 37

Explain why the diaphragm moves when we breathe in and out. (3 marks)

Answer 37

When we breathe in, the diaphragm contracts and moves down, increasing the space in the chest. This lowers the pressure inside the chest, causing air to move into the lungs. When we breathe out, the diaphragm relaxes and moves up, reducing the space in the chest and pushing air out.