mitosis and meiosis Flashcards
What is the purpose of mitosis?
🡆 Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
What is the purpose of meiosis?
🡆 To produce gametes (sperm/egg) for sexual reproduction.
How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
🡆 4 genetically different cells.
How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?
🡆 2 identical cells.
How many cell divisions occur in mitosis?
🡆 1 division.
How many cell divisions occur in meiosis?
🡆 2 divisions.
What type of cells does meiosis produce?
Haploid gametes (23 chromosomes in humans).
What type of cells does mitosis produce?
🡆 Diploid body cells (46 chromosomes in humans).
What are the stages of mitosis?
🡆 DNA replication Chromosomes line up Chromatids pulled apart Two identical cells.
Why is DNA replication important before mitosis?
Ensures each new cell gets a full set of chromosomes.
What happens to the chromosomes during mitosis?
They duplicate, line up, and are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
Why do daughter cells need to be identical in mitosis?
🡆 So body cells function correctly without mutations.
hat are the stages of meiosis?
DNA replication
First division (chromosome pairs separate)
Second division (chromatids separate)
Four different cells.
Where does meiosis occur?
n sex organs (testes & ovaries).
How does meiosis create genetic variation?
By crossing over (mixing DNA) and independent assortment (random chromosome distribution).
Where does mitosis occur?
n body cells (e.g., skin, muscle).
Why is meiosis important?
It ensures gametes have half the chromosomes, so fertilisation restores the correct number.
How does chromosome number change in meiosis?
Halves (23 in humans).
How does mitosis differ from meiosis in terms of genetic variation?
Mitosis makes identical cells; meiosis makes different cells.
What does “diploid” mean?
🡆 A cell with two sets of chromosomes (e.g., body cells).
How does chromosome number change in mitosis?
Stays the same (46 in humans).
What does “haploid” mean?
🡆 A cell with one set of chromosomes (e.g., gametes).
What is a chromatid?
🡆 A single strand of a duplicated chromosome.
What is a centromere?
🡆 The point where two chromatids are joined.
