heart Flashcards
🫀The 4 chambers of the heart
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Where are the atriums found and where are the ventricles found?
💡 Tip to remember:
Atria = top chambers (think “A” for “above”)
Ventricles = bottom chambers
🔄 The pathway of blood through the heart (in order):
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the body (via vena cava).
Flows into right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs (via pulmonary artery).
Oxygenated blood returns from lungs into left atrium (via pulmonary vein).
Flows into left ventricle, which pumps it to the body (via aorta)
what does the right side of the heart do?
Right side pumps blood to the lungs (to get oxygen).
what does the left side of the heart do?
Left side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
🔹 Path of Blood Through the Heart in order
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the body (via vena cava).
Flows into right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs (via pulmonary artery).
Oxygenated blood returns from lungs into left atrium (via pulmonary vein).
Flows into left ventricle, which pumps it to the body (via aorta).
what do heart valves prevent?
Valves keep blood flowing in one direction and prevent backflow:
what do arteries do?
Arteries carry blood away from heart
what do veins do?
Veins blood to the heart
What do Capillarie do?
Capillaries carries blood In tissues
what do Coronary Arteries do?
Supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.
If blocked → can cause a heart attack.
what’s coronary heart disease caused by?
caused by fatty deposits building up in arteries (called atherosclerosis).
🔹 Risk Factors for Heart Disease
smoking
Poor diet (high in fat/salt)
Lack of exercise
High blood pressure
Obesity
Genetics (family history)
Diabetes
🔹 Treatments for CVD
Lifestyle changes
Medication
Surgical options:
Why are the walls of capillaries only one cell thick?
To allow substances like oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse quickly in and out of the blood.
Describe one structural feature of an artery and explain how it helps the artery do its job.
Arteries have thick muscular walls to withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped by the heart
- Give one way in which the structure of a vein is different from an artery.
veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
Name the blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart.
Pulmonary vein
What is the function of arteries?
To carry blood away from the heart.
Which type of blood vessel has the smallest lumen (inner space)
Capillaries.
What is the function of valves in veins?
To stop blood flowing backwards.
Which type of blood vessel has the highest blood pressure?
Arteries.
Describe two differences between arteries and veins.
Arteries have thicker walls than veins.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood to the heart.
What substances are exchanged in capillaries?
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and waste products.
