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Veterinary Public Health > Special Topics in PH & FS: AMR > Flashcards

Special Topics in PH & FS: AMR Flashcards

1
Q

Antimicrobial resistant pathogens in the ecosystem: a leap shift

A

ESKAPE –> SPACEMENS-CC

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2
Q

What are The 10 AMR bacteria threatening the public health of American people as per CDC (2019)?

A

Ones not in red are new

C. dificile is not drug resistant, it is waiting in our GIT in the form of a spore. When we treat animals with AMR all microbiota susceptible are eradicated. These spores are not activated and prevail in the GIT and releas exotoxins, attack us, and kill people.

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3
Q

_________ ____ –> fungi that is becoming a challenge

A

Candida auris –> fungi that is becoming a challenge

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4
Q

Ranking the 18 most alarming AMR threats
(urgent, serious, & concerning) in the USA

A. Name the Urgent threats:

A

A. Anything carbapenam resistant:
1. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter
2. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
3. Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
4. Drug-resistant Candida
5. Clostridioides difficile

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5
Q

B. Name the serious threats

A

any specimen CC

  1. Drug-resistant Campylobacter
  2. Drug-resistant Candida
  3. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing
    Enterobacteriaceae (in foodborne diseases, drug resistance, etc).
  4. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci
  5. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  6. Drug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella
  7. Drug-resistant Salmonella serotype Typhi
  8. Drug-resistant Shigella
  9. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  10. Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
    - very concerning: Group A pyrogenes, B: agalactae
  11. Drug-resistant Tuberculosis
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6
Q

C. concerning threats:

A
  1. Erythromycin-resistant group A Streptococcus
  2. Clindamycin-resistant group B Streptococcus
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7
Q

Watch List:

A
  1. Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus
  2. Drug-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium
  3. Drug-resistant Bordetella pertussis
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8
Q

Specimen CC causes huge illnesses in US.
- Over _____ million illnesses, most of them result in hospitalization. About 35,000 people _____ in Us due to specimen CC

A

Specimen CC causes huge illnesses in US.
- Over 2.8 million illnesses, most of them result in hospitalization. About 35,000 people die in Us due to specimen CC

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9
Q

Which AMR bacteria cause huge hospitalization?

A
  1. Drug resistant streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Campylo
  3. MRSA
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10
Q

What is the #1 AMR killer?

A

Clostridium dificile

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11
Q

What are the 9 drivers for rising AMR occurrence/emergence & spread?

A
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12
Q

The USA prescribes 14,458,655 kg of antimicrobials each year.

Of this:
1. animals
2. humans
3. plant

A
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13
Q

90% of the prescribed drugs in animals are
excreted via ?

A

urine & feces

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14
Q

tetracycline?

A
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15
Q

AMR spread between bacteria

a - ___________ (plasmid)
b - ___________ (bacteriophages)
c - _____________ (Engulf broken DNA)

A

AMR spread between bacteria

a - Conjugation (plasmid)
b - Transduction (bacteriophages)
c - Transformation (Engulf broken DNA)

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16
Q

AMR spread

Between hosts, places, and ecosystem
a - Sewages from _____ factories, _______, and ________
b - ___ ____ pathways
c - _______ and _______ = transportation

A

AMR spread

Between hosts, places, and ecosystem
a - Sewages from drug factories, hospitals, and farms
b - 7 Fs pathways
c - Travel and trade = transportation

17
Q

Once AMR emerge in the ecosystem (animals, humans & environment), AMR spread by 7Fs pathways, trade, and travel (even disasters)

A
18
Q

Control AMR bacteria (national action plan):
6 goals are set in the USA

A
  1. Slow down by using correct drug, dose, and duration as per doctors.
  2. Surveillance/patrolling: watch movement.
  3. Diagnostic: without, we do not see them
  4. B/c of resistance, and no bullet to kill them, we need new drugs
  5. Collaboration
  6. Policy or practice change
19
Q
  • Antimicrobials are widely used in humans and animals to save life
  • However, misuse/abuse at hospitals/clinics or discarding in sewages of antimicrobials can induce AMR emergence
  • AMR bacteria then transmit in the ecosystem through 7F pathways and travel & trade, sometimes at a global scale
A

Veterinary Public Health (24 decks)

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