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Veterinary Public Health > Agricultural & food laws of the USA > Flashcards

Agricultural & food laws of the USA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the core mission of US food safety laws?

A

The core mission of the entire food safety laws of the USA is that food shall not be placed on the market if it is unsafe. Therefore, free movement to market is only allowed for healthy animals and safe food to enter the supply chain.

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2
Q

What law was passed in 1902?

A

The Biologics Control Act (regulates
the production & sale of virus,
vaccines, & toxin-antisera including
licensing (issue, suspend, & revoke

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3
Q

What law was passed in 1973?

A

Low-acid food processing regulations issued following first Major Food Recall in U.S. (75x10 6 canned Mushroom)

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4
Q

What do you have to do if you want to start a business?

A
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5
Q

List the “20” standards inspected/regulated needed to start your own business.

A
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6
Q

List the many names of the 20 standards based on the industries.

A
  1. Fundamentals of food hygiene …by food scientists
  2. Good agricultural practice ….. at farms
  3. General hygienic practice (GHP) or Food Safety Plan …..at food factories
  4. Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)….at factories
  5. Sanitary Standard Operating Procedures (SSOPs) …. at any operation
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7
Q

How are these standards regulated/enforced?

A
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8
Q

What are the regulatory bodies of the live animal population in the USA?

A

Live animals = USDA APHIS (animal and plant health services)
These live animals include domestic, wild, and aquatic.

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9
Q

What are the regulatory bodies of the food animal population in the USA?

A
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10
Q

What is the role of veterinarians in USDA APHIS?

A

Under USAD APHIS, veterinarians are in charge of giving out:
Animal health certificate &/or vaccination certificate is required to sale

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11
Q

What is the role of veterinarians in the FDA?

A

Under FDA, veterinarians are in charge of giving out:
Stamp of FDA or USDA FSIS
is mandatory on meat & eggs of
farm animal origin to sale

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12
Q

What is the function of USDA APHIS?

A

USDA APHIS develops, implements, enforces, and controls all laws of live animals & animal biologics.
Inspect animal welfare, animal health, and biologics of animals

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13
Q

What are the biologics of animals:

A

a. Animal Vaccine
b. Animal Sera
c. Diagnostic tests (animals)
d. Animal Semen
e. Animal Embryo

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14
Q

Discussed register and give permits on side

A
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15
Q

What does the USAD APHIS do to ensure that the animals being sold/used for food are healthy/up to regulation?

A
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16
Q

USDA APHIS determines what tests should be used, what titer levels are appropriate, how much of vaccine should be given, the route of administration, how often you vaccinate animals, etc.

A
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17
Q

How does the USDA identify animal health & welfare problems?

A

Identify animal health & welfare problem = surveillance
* Disease surveillance
* AMR surveillance
* Report reportable diseases
* Report transboundary & exotic diseases of animals (TEDA

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18
Q

The USDA has written many food laws. Some of the main ones are:
1. No movement of food in the USA on market for sale with out proper _______
2. No food can be sold within the USA territories without _______ and pre-approval by ____ or _________
3. This is to ensure that foods are produced fulfilling ’20’ standards from?

A

labelling, inspection, FDA, USDA-FSIS

safety, hygiene, packaging & labelling point of view

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19
Q

Majority of food in supermarkets are approved by ?

A

FDA = 80%
20% = USDA

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20
Q

FDA mostly approves?

A

Food of plant origin

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21
Q

Food of game animals is approved by?

A

FDA

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22
Q

In addition to food, FDA regulates?

A
  1. All drugs & medical devices of both:
     Human medicine
     Veterinary medicine
  2. FDA also supervises human clinical trials
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23
Q

What does USDA-FSIS do?

A

Mostly developing guidelines, policies, and standards particularly from meat (domestic food animals)

Meat from food and wilds animals = FDA
Read through boxes

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24
Q

What are the responsibilities of the USDA-FSIS?

A
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25
Q

What are 4D animals?

A

Dead, dying, diseased, and disabled animals

26
Q

You neither contaminate the environment from your business
nor 1you live, work or open business in contaminated environment

A
27
Q

Who is the regulatory authority of the American environments
(air, water, waste, soil, & pesticide) if they are safe for the
American people, animals, crops, and plants or not?

A

The EPA

28
Q

What does the EPA regulate?

A

EPA regulates
1. pesticides,
2. wastes,
3. the atmosphere (air),
4. water bodies, and
5. terrestrial land of the USA including
 around your business/facility
 to ensure that you are not contaminating the
 environment with biological, chemical, physical and nuclear
contaminants

29
Q

EPA regularly conducts?

A
  1. air, water, & soil sampling,
  2. monitoring, and surveillance
    to
  3. enforce and ensure that
    they are safe for humans,
    animals, and ecosystem
30
Q

What is the clean air act of 1970?

A
31
Q

What is the clean wateer act of 1972?

A
32
Q

What is the solid waste disposable act of 1965?

A
33
Q

What is the solid waste disposable act of 1947?

A
34
Q

What are The laws of human health at the workplace?

A

Human occupational health (health of workers
at workplace) – OSHA

35
Q

What are The laws of human health in public?

A
  1. Disease monitoring & surveillance in humans
    (foodborne, waterborne, etc. including
    antimicrobial resistance of bacteria) - CDC
  2. Human disease control and eradication within
    territories of the USA (general public) – CDC
36
Q

What is function of OSHA?

A
37
Q

What does the CDC do?

A

also det diagn test used for human disease detection.

38
Q

What are the 13 surveillance programs run by the CDC?

A
39
Q

How does the CDC conduct active surveillance?

A

Have selected 9 pathogens transmitted by food
7 bacteria, 2 are protozoa (crytpo and cyclospora)
Monitor people going to the hospital and take their data if infected by eating food.
Major cause of human disease via food: salmonella and campylobacter

40
Q

There are Laws of food:
1. packaging,
2. labelling,
3. allergen declaring,
4. recall, and
5. food transportation
in the USA

A
41
Q

What is allowed in food packaging?

A
42
Q

Why should we check foods in supermarkets for its label & stamps or why labelling is important?

A
43
Q

What is The law of Food Transportation 2005 in the USA?

A
44
Q

How do you fulfill the travel rules when transporting food?

A
45
Q

As stated in federal statutory law,
food stored in unsanitary conditions
will ?

A

be considered adulterated even if
the food is not contaminated

46
Q

Accordingly, all facilities in the food
distribution network or system must
be maintained in ?

A

a manner that will
not allow the food to be
contaminated.

47
Q

All food storage facilities (i. e. be it
ingredients or finished products)
along the food supply chain are
subject to inspection by:
- federal,
- state and
- local authorities

A
48
Q

What is CODEX ALIMRNTARIUS?

A

INTERNATIONAL FOOD STANDARDS)  HQ in Rome
 Its concern is all about food
 Its role is like USDA-FSIS and FDA
(INTERNATIONAL FOOD STANDARDS)  HQ in Rome
FOOD

49
Q

Codex is ?

A

an intergovernmental and
stakeholder organization to make a consensus
on food laws internationally

50
Q

What is Mission 1 of Codex Alamantarus?

A
51
Q

at is Mission 2 of Codex?

A
52
Q

What are the General standards & regulations of Codex for
ALL FOOD?

A
  • Codex has general standards for all kinds of food in all countries in the world. So all foods must fulfill these 7 standards
    1. Food labelling must be honest
    2. Food additives must be < 5% in food
    3. Contaminants in foods must be below tolerances for specific contaminants including radionuclides, aflatoxins and
    other mycotoxins
    4. Pesticide and veterinary chemical residues in foods (maximum residue limits)
    5. Risk assessment procedures for determining the safety of foods derived from biotechnology (DNA-modified plants,
    DNA-modified micro-organisms, allergens)
    6. Food hygiene (general hygienic principles, guidelines for the use of “HACCP” system)
     i. e. the 20 standards
    7. Methods of analysis and sampling to ensure the produced food is pure and safe
53
Q

CODEX sets Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) in foods
* More than 425 pesticide and veterinary drug residue
tolerances in major export markets for:
 meat
 dairy
 poultry,
 eggs,
 hay,
 feed,
 grains,
 oilseeds

A
54
Q

What is WOAH/OIE?

A

Deals with 117 animal diseases,
infections and infestations of
global concern in 182 countries.
HQ in Paris.
1. Develop standards for Animal health & animal welfare (aquatic & terrestrial animals)
2. Develop standards for Animal biologics (vaccine, sera, embryo, diagnostic kit

55
Q

How does WOAH/OIE track reportable diseases?

A

There are 117 reportable diseases and if you find this disease, report to OIE

56
Q

OIE develops international laws & standards for LIVE animals the following

A
57
Q

What does OIE do to mitigate these dieases?

A
58
Q

World trade organization (WTO) is built on?

A

foundations of Codex & OIE

59
Q

WTO requires ?

A

uniform international regulations
and standards among its 164 member countries

60
Q
A

Veterinary Public Health (24 decks)

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