Occupational safety and health Flashcards
What landmark laws were passed in the US during the 1970s that improved the health and safety of workers?
- 1970 – Environmental Protection Act (EPA) – The clean air act …….reduction of the environmental pollution in the atmosphere so that we live and work in a safe environment
- 1970 – Occupation Safety & Health Act (OSHA) of the Department of Labor – provided the right that Worker`s safety is priority than business profitability
What are the seven common standards/requirements of OSHA at workplaces?
- The general rule of OSHA is that the health and safety of the worker is priority
- Training: each person should be trained how to perform a particular job before required to do the job
- Hazardous material: workers should be protected from infectious, chemical, physical hazards
- PPE: head, ear, eye, face, nose/respiratory, skin/body, hand, feet
- Equipment and devices: should fit and be comfortable to the worker
- Building & its internal structures: Floor, surface, storage rooms, & walking surfaces
a. are kept clean, orderly, and sanitary
b. are free from sharp/protruding objects, chemical leaks, spills, snow, & ice
c. safe entry and at least 2 exit routes to immediately evacuate during emergency - Use color codes, posters, labels or signs to warn employees of potential hazards
What is OSHA?
OSHA works to ensure that there is no hazard at workplace from physical & engineering design of the equipment, devices, buildings, & surfaces
How many veterinarians are there in the USA?
~80,000
79,600
The job market grows by how much annually?
17%
Where can veterinarians work?
What are the types of occupational hazards
encountered vets at
working places?
- Biological (infectious)
- Chemical
- Radiation
- Physical
- Ergonomics (bad design of devices & equipment)
- Psychological stress
Describe biological (infectious) occupational hazards encountered by vets in the workplace.
- Blood-borne (zoonotic viremia, bacteremia),
- Contagious pathogens,
- Vector-borne if bitten by vectors from your patient animals
- Air-borne (TB, anthrax, Corona,
Chlamydia, Q fever, avian/swine influenza)
Describe chemical occupational hazards encountered by vets in the workplace.
- Anesthesia/euthanasia, corrosive detergents (acid & alkaline), irritant
disinfectants, insecticides/pesticides, explosives, inflammables
Describe radiation occupational hazards encountered by vets in the workplace.
- Radiation (X-ray, gamma-ray, radioactive, laser, ultraviolet)
Describe physical occupational hazards encountered by vets in the workplace.
- Injuries by animals (biting, kicking); slips, trips, & falls; sharp & needle stick
- Heat (hot or cold in abattoir); vibration & noise (hearing); electrical
Describe ergonomic (bad design of devices &
equipment) occupational hazards encountered by vets in the workplace.
- Improperly adjusted workstation;
- Awkward posture, prolonged standing, lifting, bending
cause musculoskeletal
disorders of the worker
Describe psychological occupational hazards encountered by vets in the workplace.
- Stress, shift work, violence
Give examples of biological hazards that are occupational hazards.
List the infectious hazards affect USA personnel? Where are they exposed?
They include:
1. Salmonellosis
2. Cryptosporidiosis
3. Plague (
Y. pestis)
4. Sporotrichosis
5. MRSA infection
6. Psittacosis (Chlamydia)
7. Dermatophytosis
8. Leptospirosis
9. Bartonellosis
10. Q fever
Exposed at workplaces such as:
✓ clinic
✓ zoo
✓ wildlife research
✓ Shelter
✓ Slaughterhouse
✓ lab
✓ etc.
List the infectious hazards affect Canadian personnel?
What infectious disease can vets or farmers contract from poultry?
✓ Salmonellosis (+++)
✓ Influenza A (+++)
✓ Psittacosis (++)
✓ E. coli (+)
✓ MRSA Staph aureus (+)
+++ = high hazard; ++ = moderate hazard; + = relatively low hazard
What infectious disease can vets or farmers contract from swine?
✓ Erysipelothrix (+++)
✓ MRSA Staph aureus (+++)
✓ Strep. suis (+++)
✓ Influenza A (+++)
✓ Salmonellosis (++)
✓ E.coli (++)
✓ Hepatitis E (++)
✓ Brucella (++)
✓ Ringworm (++)
✓ Leptospira (++)
✓ Anthrax (+)
✓ Rabies (+)
What infectious disease can vets contract from wildlife? Match the disease to the
animal.
A. Vampire Bats
B. Rabbits
C. Ticks
D. Rats
E. Antelope
F. Chimpanzee
G. Fox, Red Fox
H. Masked pam civets
I. Turtles
J. Snake
K. Pigs
L. Monkeys
M. Prarie dogs
N. African squirrel
O. Crow
P. Gulls
Q. Migratory Birds
R. Fruit bats
A. = Rabies
B. = Tularemia
C. = Intermediate for many. E.g. lyme
D. = Hantavirus, Leptovirus
E. = Rift Valley Fever
F. = Ebola virus
G. = Rabies, Alveolar Echinococcosis
H. = SARS
I. = Salmonella
J. = E. coli
K. = Nipah virus
L. = Monkey pox
M. = Plague
N. = Monkey pox
O. = West Nile Virus
P. = Psittacosis
Q. = Avian influenza
R. = Nipah virus, Hendravirus
What are the chemical hazards to vets?
Detergents and disinfectants are used in what settings?
What are the physical hazards/injuries to vets?
What hazards can veterinarians encounter in diagnostic/research laboratories?
How can we protect vets
from hazards at
workplaces?
Seven method of prevention:
1. Eliminate
2. Substitute
3. Engineering
4. Administrative
5. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
6. Prevent using laws and medical methods
7. Training and hazard communication
What are the 5 ways in which veterinarians can be protected from biological/zoonotic hazards?
Describe how to prevent vets from zoonosis by vaccination
Describe how to protect veterianrians from chemical hazards.
Describe how to protect veterinarians from physical hazards.
Describe how to protect vets from physical hazards.
What parts of the body require PPE? What would you wear to protect them?
List the forms of PPE to protect your eight body parts.
List the ways in which veterinarians are informed of these hazards in the workplace.
