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425 - sys path > Special Senses pt 3 > Flashcards

Special Senses pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a descemetocele?

A

deep ulcer down to Descemet’s membrane

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2
Q

Gorp has come back to the clinic again. This time, his eye is affected by this lesion. What is your primary differential?

A

Descemetocele

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3
Q

What is an indolent ulcer? common species? what happens? treatment?

A

failure of normal ulcer healing with no underlying specific cause (often initiated by trauma)

dogs

newly formed epithelium fails to adhere to the underlying stroma

debridement

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4
Q

What is a melting ulcer?

A

an ulcer where release of lytic enzymes leads to stromal malacia/necrosis

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5
Q

Melting ulcers can be sterile, but they usually involve ____ or _____ infections. Name the two examples given in class. are they opportunistic pathogens or ocular pathogens?

A

bacterial, fungal

gram (-) bacteria
fungus common in horses (keratomycosis)

opportunistic

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6
Q

Gorp is back. Again. This poor dog. This is his ocular lesion. What do you think it is? What is your primary differential for cause?

A

melting ulcer/suppurative keratomalacia

gram (-) bacteria

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7
Q

What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)? common species & breeds? Clinical or pathological?

A

desiccation of the cornea due to reduced quantity of tear film

dogs

clinical

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8
Q

What is an ocular dermoid?

A

Developmental abnormality where ectopic hair follicles and adnexal glands occur on the cornea or bulbar conjunctiva

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9
Q

Define these words:
1. Hamartoma
2. Choristoma

Which category does an ocular dermoid fall in?

A
  1. aberrant proliferation of normal tissue in a normal location
  2. aberrant proliferation of normal tissue in an abnormal location

ocular dermoids are choristomas

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10
Q

Poor Gorp the cat. he is back again, this time with this ocular lesion. What is it?

A

Ocular dermoid

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11
Q

What is the other name of pink eye in cattle?

A

infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

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12
Q

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis:
1. etiology?
2. can have recurrent _____.
3. time of year of outbreaks? why?
4. signalment?

A
  1. gram (+) bacteria: Moraxella bovis
  2. infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
  3. summer. flies are important vectors
  4. calves > adults
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13
Q

What can infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis progress to?

A

phthisis bulbi (end-stage eye, scaring and atrophy)

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14
Q

How do you tell between infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and hypopyon from sepsis?

A

presence of conjunctivitis

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15
Q

A cow comes in to your practice with this lesion in July. What is your primary differential?

A

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

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16
Q

What is the etiology of herpesvirus keratitis?

A

feline herpesvirus 1

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17
Q

what is the most common cause of keratitis in cats? typical signalment?

A

herpesvirus keratitis caused by feline herpes virus 1

kittens, shelter cats

18
Q

herpesvirus keratitis:
1. what does it target?
2. why is it hard to prove causality?

A
  1. upper resp tract, conjunctiva, cornea
  2. most cats exposed during life to feline herpesvirus 1 and FHV-1 DNA can be detected on the cornea of normal cats
19
Q

What are the clinical signs of herpesvirus keratitis in cats?

A

rhinotracheitis, conjunctivitis, +/- keratitis common in young cats

dendritic ulcers are pathognomonic !!!!

20
Q

What pathology is this picture of?

A

Herpesvirus keratitis

21
Q

Herpesvirus keratitis in cats is associated with ____ and _____

A

feline corneal sequestrum
feline eosinophilic keratitis

22
Q

What are the secondary bacterial infections that are associated with herpesvirus keratitis?

A

chlamydia felis
mycoplasma felis

23
Q

what viruses can cause conjunctivitis and resp signs in young cats? How do you differentiate the two based on clinical signs?

A
  1. Feline calicivirus
  2. feline herpesvirus 1

calicivirus is usually associated with oral ulcers, herpesvirus 1 isn’t

24
Q

Gorp the cat is back again! Bad luck for Gorps at your clinic. This is his lesion. He also has rhinotracheitis and conjunctivitis. What is your primary differential? What other thing could it be and how could you tell the difference?

A

herpesvirus keratitis
also be calicivirus
looks at mouth for oral ulcers (if yes, then calicivirus). also dendritic ulcers are pathognomic of herpesvirus keratitis

25
Q

Eosinophilic keratitis:
1. species?
2. gross features?
3. cytology reveals what?

A
  1. cats > horses
  2. cats - begins laterally as raised white to pink plaques on the cornea/conjunctiva
  3. abundant eosinophils and some mast cells
26
Q

Gorp the cat is back AGAIN!!!!! This time he has this ocular lesion. What is your primary differential?

A

eosinophilic keratitis

27
Q

corneal sequestrum:
1. common species?
2. secondary to what?
3. gross lesion?
4. histo lesion?
5. common signalment?

A
  1. cats > horses & dogs
  2. chronic ulceration
  3. central accumulation of orange to brown pigment in the superficial stroma
  4. necrotic stroma
  5. Persian, Himalayan, Siamese cats
28
Q

What is this lesion? Note the orange-brown pigment.
Hint: this is a cat named Gorp

A

corneal sequestrum

29
Q

Chronic superficial keratitis of dogs:
1. AKA?
2. breeds?
3. 1 eye or 2 eyes?
4. _____-_____ disease targeting _____ ______ of the cornea
5. associated with what?

A
  1. Pannus
  2. German Shepherds and Sighthounds
  3. 2 eyes
  4. immune-mediated, altered antigen
  5. higher altitudes and solar radiation
30
Q

Gross lesions of pannus?

A

begins as a redness and thickening of the lateral conjunctiva, progresses asa plaque axially across the cornea

become pigmented

31
Q

Gorp the dog is back again. He has changed breeds to a German Shepherd, and his owner spends a lot of time with him running outside. What is this lesion?

A

Pannus AKA chronic superficial keratitis of dogs

32
Q

Limbal melanocytic neoplasia:
1. majority are ____ _____
2. species?

A
  1. benign melanocytoma
  2. dogs > cats
33
Q

what are the 3 neoplasias of the cornea that we should know?

A

limbal melanocytic neoplasia
corneal squamous cell carcinomas
corneal hemangiosarcomas

34
Q

Gorp’s eye is really not doing ok. He is back. This is his eye. What is your primary differential?

A

Limbal melanocytic neoplasia

35
Q

Persistent pupillary membranes:
1. congenital or acquired?
2. common or uncommon?
3. what species?
4. what is it
5. How worried should you be when you find it in necropsy?

A
  1. congenital
  2. common
  3. dogs
  4. persistence of fibrovascular structures that vascularized the lens during development
  5. not very. usually incidental, unless they directly contact the lens or cornea
36
Q

Gorp the dog had a son (yay!). This is Gorp junior’s eye (Gorp jr. is like 6 mo old). What do you think is going on?

A

Persistent pupillary membranes

37
Q

You find this lesion on necropsy. What is is?

A

Persistent pupillary membranes

38
Q

What is the name for inflammation of the uvea?

A

uveitis

39
Q

Uveal cysts:
1. common signalment?
2. What are they?
3. Where do they come from?

A
  1. dogs > cats (but Bermese cats common)
  2. Round translucent blackcysts attached to the iris or free-floating in the anterior chamber
  3. arise from fluid accumulation within the iris or ciliary body
40
Q

Uveal cysts:
1. usually benign or malignant?
2. what is the exception? why?

A
  1. benign
  2. golden retrievers and Irish wolfhounds - precursor to glaucoma and pigmentary uveitis of Goldens
41
Q

Gorp is back. He practically lives at the clinic now. This is the lesion he is presenting with. What is it?

A

Uveal cyst

425 - sys path (38 decks)

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