GI - Oral pt 2 Flashcards
What are the big 4 vesicular stomatitides?
foot and mouth disease
vesicular stomatitis
vesicular exanthema of swine
swine vesicular disease
Why are the big 4 vesicular stomatitides considered “the big 4”?
trade implications and production limiting
all have high morbidity (but low mortality)
almost all are reportable (except vesicular exanthema)
what is the problem with identifying the big 4 vesicular stomatitides?
they can look identical grossly and histologically
What is a vesicle?
accumulation of serous fluid usually b/t the epithelium and lamina propria
what is the difference between a vesicle and a bullae?
Vesicle = < 0.5cm
bullae = > 0.5cm
what is the relationship between a vesicle and an ulcer?
vesicles rupture to form ulcers (vesicles are usually short-lived)
Seeing a vesicle/ulcer in a SA or LA can point to different things. What should you first think of when you see this in either animal group?
SA: immune-mediated disease
LA: viral causes (important to rule out)
What is the virus that causes foot and mouth disease?
foot and mouth disease virus
Picornavirus family
What species are affected by foot and mouth disease?
cloven hooved animals, bears (not horses)
What virus causes vesicular stomatitis?
vesicular stomatitis virus
Rhabdovirus family
What species are affected by vesicular stomatitis
horses, cows, pigs, some wildlife (white-tailed deer, raccoons, feral swine, rodents)
HUMANS! zoonotic
not goats/sheep
What is the distribution of vesicular stomatitis?
endemic in SAm and CAm, sporadic in USA
What is the other name for Vesicular exanthema of swine?
San Miguel sea lion virus
What virus causes vesicular exanthema of swine?
vesicular exanthema of swine virus
Calicivirus family
What species are affected by vesicular exanthema of swine?
swine, sea lions, seals, dolphins
What is the distribution of vesicular exanthema of swine in sea lions?
sea lions from California to Alaska
What virus cases swine vesicular disease?
swine vesicular disease virus
Picornaviridae family
enterovirus
What species are affected by swine vesicular disease?
swine
where is foot and mouth disease enzootic?
Africa, Asia, Europe, SAm
basically not NAm
What are the clinical signs of Foot and mouth disease in adults?
vesicle formation in/around the mouth, feet, mammary glands
these areas are prone to trauma –> vesicles turn to ulcers
febrile
can get hoof sloughing
What are the clinical signs of Foot and mouth disease in neonates?
myocarditis
can be fatal
how long does foot and mouth disease persist in the environment? how is it inactivated?
weeks
inactivated by sunlight, drying, high temp
how can you definitively diagnose foot and mouth disease?
virus isolation
where is vesicular stomatitis enzootic?
CAm, SAm, sporadic in NAm
is there a seasonality to vesicular stomatitis? if so, what is it?
yes
outbreaks during warmer weather
what are the clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis?
vesicles in oral cavity
sometimes in feet, mammary glands (but less so than in oral cavity)
animals may froth at the mouth
How can you tell the difference between foot and mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis GROSSLY?
you can’t!
Why is vesicular exanthema of swine present in sea lions?
feeding garbage containing pork waste into ocean
Vesicular exanthema of swine doesn’t really occur in swine anymore. What is one way that a pig can be infected with it?
if pig is fed uncooked ocean origin fish (because California sea lions still have the disease)
where is swine vesicular disease occurring in the world?
Italy, Hong Kong, UK, Europe, Asia
basically not NAm
What are the clinical signs of swine vesicular disease?
vesicles on coronary band and heels > oral cavity and mammary glands
can cause nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis
how do outbreaks of swine vesicular disease occur?
feeding garbage containing raw pork products
What virus/disease is not part of the big 4 but should be? Why is it not part of the big 4? why should it be added?
Seneca Valley Virus/senecavirus A
not part of big 4 b/c no trade restrictions – not considered to be production limiting
should be part of big 4 b/c emerging disease in swine, common in USA and reported in Canada, also resembles the other big 4
what species are affected by Seneca valley virus?
swine
what virus causes Seneca valley virus?
senecavirus A
picornavirus family
Feline calicivirus is primarily a ____ disease, but one clinical sign is ____ which involves the ____ system.
respiratory
lingual and oropharyngeral ulcers that start as vesicles
GI