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425 - sys path > Special Senses pt 1 > Flashcards

Special Senses pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the palpebral conjunctiva? How about the bulbar conjunctiva?

A

palpebral: back of eyelids
bulbar: covers the surface of the globe up to the cornea/limbus

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2
Q

What is trichiasis? common signalment? why does it matter?

A

hairs in a normal position are misdirected to contact the cornea

brachycephalic dogs with nasal folds

corneal contact causes irritation

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3
Q

abnormalities of the cilia are more common in ___ than in other species.

A

dogs

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4
Q

Your patient, Nosewise the Pug, came in for a regular check up. You notice this lesion. What is it? Is it concerning?

A

Trichiasis
not super concerning as brachycephalic are predisposed to it, but corneal contact causes irritation

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5
Q

What is distichiasis? why does it matter?

A

abnormally positioned eyelash coming from the opening of the Meibomian glands at the eyelid margin

minimal corneal damage. doesn’t really matter

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6
Q

You patient Blankette presents with this lesion. What is it? (hint: the eyelash doesn’t seem to be coming from the palpebral conjunctiva, nor are they in normal positioning….)

A

distichiasis

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7
Q

Label this picture

A

A: districhiasis
B: ectopic cilia
C: trichiasis

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8
Q

You patient Terry presents with this lesion. What is it?

A

Ectopic cilia

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9
Q

What is entropion? what does it cause? signalment?

A

inward rolling of the eyelid margin because of inadequate length

causes corneal irritation

certain breeds of dog and sheep

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10
Q

entropion is a form of _____. Surgical correction works ____.

A

Trichiasis
well

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11
Q

Lumpe the dog comes into your clinic presenting with this lesion. You notice that his cornea is irritated. What is your diagnosis and what do you do to correct it?

A

Entropion
surgery

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12
Q

What is ectropion? which eyelid is usually affected? what can it cause?

A

outward rolling of the eyelid margin due to excessively long lax eyelid

lower eyelid

can cause chronic keratitis, conjunctivitis

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13
Q

This is Plodder the dog. What lesion does he have?

A

Ectropion

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14
Q

Prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid:
1. AKA?
2. why does it happen?
3. common in what species?
4. how do you treat?

A
  1. cherry eye
  2. result of laxity of the connective tissue anchoring the third eyelid
  3. dogs
  4. surgery
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15
Q

Blodeman the dog comes to your clinic with this lesion. What is it? How do you treat it?

A

Prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid / cherry eye

surgery to fix

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16
Q

What is the most common tumor of the canine eyelid? malignant or benign?

A

Meibomian gland tumors
predominately benign

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17
Q

meibomian gland tumors:
1. gross appearance
2. treatment

A
  1. grey, pink or tan exophytic alopecia Masses coming from the eyelid margin
  2. surgical excision
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18
Q

Garlik the dog is brought into your clinic with this lesion. What is it? What is the Garlik’s prognosis?

A

Meibomian gland tumor
prognosis is good with surgical excision

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19
Q

eyelid melanocytoma:
1. malignant or benign?
2. how to diagnose?

A
  1. usually benign
  2. biopsy because they can look similar to Meibomian gland tumors
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20
Q

Gorp presents to your clinic with this lesion. What are your 2 differential diagnoses? How do you figure it out?

A

Eyelid melanocytoma & meibomian adenoma
biopsy

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21
Q

You see this eyeball on necropsy. What do you think is going on?

A

Conjunctival melanoma

22
Q

Conjunctival melanoma:
1. malignant or benign?
2. where is usual location?

A
  1. malignant and aggressive with frequent metastasis
  2. bulbar conjunctiva
23
Q

conjunctival melanomas can be _____, which means without pigment.

A

amelanotic

24
Q

Squamous cell carcinomas of the eye arise from the _____. They are most common in what species?

A

conjunctiva
cattle + horses > cats

25
Q

what is the common name for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in cattle? why is this super significant?

A

cancer eye
cattle are condemned at slaughter if they have a tumor, even if it has nothing to do with the actual meat that is going to be sold

26
Q

name 3 common gross features of squamous cell carcinoma that can help in diagnosis?

A

non-pigmented skin
ulcerated
inflamed

27
Q

What is the most common ocular tumor of horses? where is it often located?

A

squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva
3rd eye lid

28
Q

SCCs of the conjunctiva are associated with ____.

A

UV light exposure

29
Q

what are ceruminous glands?

A

glands that produce ear wax

30
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

inflammation of the external ear

31
Q

otitis externa is most common in ____. it is the result of interaction of the following 3 factors: _____, _____, _____.

A

Dogs
predisposing factors
primary causes
secondary causes

32
Q

What are the predisposing factors for otitis externa?

A

conformation of the ear (droopy ears), breed, external ear moisture

33
Q

what are the primary causes of otitis externa?

A

ectoparasites, foreign bodies, generalized skin conditions (allergies, etc)

34
Q

What are the secondary causes of otitis externa?

A

bacterial infections, fungal infections

35
Q

Gorp comes back to your clinic with this lesion. What is going on?

A

Otitis externa

36
Q

You are doing a necropsy on a dog’s ear. What is the lesion?

A

otitis externa

37
Q

What is the pathogenesis of aural hematomas?

A
  1. chronic otitis (externa or media)
  2. head shaking
  3. trauma to blood vessels in pinna (centrifugal shearing forces)
  4. hemorrhage into tissues of pinna
  5. aural hematoma
38
Q

Aural hematomas can be seen in these species: ___, ____, _____. They are most common in _____-____ _____ with _____ ____. They are resolved by _____.

A

dogs, cats, pigs
large-breed dogs with droopy ears (labs and Goldens)
fibrosis

39
Q

You are doing a necropsy of a pig’s ear. What is the lesion?

A

Aural hematoma

40
Q

Gorp is back at your clinic AGAIN!!! What is the lesion? What do you think happened?

A

aural hematoma

Gorp had chronic otitis that lead to head shaking, which traumatized the blood vessels in the pinna, which caused hemorrhage into the tissues of the pinna

41
Q

What is otocariasis?

A

mite/tick infestation in the ear

42
Q

otocariasis is a common problem in what age/species?

A

kittens

43
Q

Aural plaques of horse:
1. AKA?
2. gross appearance?

A
  1. aural papillomatosis
  2. pale raised hyperkeratotic, depigmented plaques/warts on concave surface of ear
44
Q

aural plaques of horses are caused by? how are they significant?

A

equine papillomavirus
not significant (cosmetic)

45
Q

Your horse Gorpius has these lesions on his ears. What are they? What do you do now?

A

Aural plaques or aural papillomatosis
do nothing - not clinically significant

46
Q

What are equine dentigerous cysts? What is the cause?

A

rare congenital cyst that occurs at the base of the ear, often with a fistula leading to the surface

result of malpositioned tooth stem cells during development (can contain teeth!)
common name = ear tooth

47
Q

You horse (named Gorp) presents with this lesion. What is it? Is it a problem? What is the treatment?

A

dentigerous cyst
no (primarily cosmetic problem)
sx excision

48
Q

Gorp the dog is back again! This time, this is his lesion. What is going on? What does it imply?

A

ear tip necrosis
implies vascular origin to the insult

49
Q

Ear tip necrosis: how can you tell it’s that?

A

sharp line of demarcation from surrounding normal tissue (infarct!)

50
Q

What are some common causes of ear tip necrosis?

A
  • frost bite
  • bacterial septicemia (salmonella in pigs and cattle)
  • toxins (ergot)
  • viral (FIP in cats, although rare!)
  • hypersensitivity reaction
51
Q

tumors of the external ear can arise secondary to _____ _____ of the ear

A

chronic inflammation

52
Q

what external acoustic meatus tumor do we have to know? species? benign or malignant? common or rare?

A

tumors of the ceruminous glands

cats & dogs

malignant (ceruminous adenocarcinomas)

rare

425 - sys path (38 decks)

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