GI - SI & LI pt 1

Question 1

What species is this?

Answer 1

Avian

Question 2

Equine intestines: Taeniae order and #

Answer 2

4:1:3:2

Question 3

What are hemomelasma ilei? What species do they occur in? What should you do if you find these on necropsy?

Answer 3

slightly elevated hemorrhagic plaques along the ante mesenteric border of the ileum
believed to be the result of Strongylus larvae migration

occur in horses

do nothing! They are incidental

Question 4

You find this lesion on the ileum of a horse. What is the etiology? What is the name of the lesion? What is your next course of action?

Answer 4

caused by strongylus larvae migration
name = hemomelasma ilei
action = nothing – incidental

Question 5

You are shadowing a pathologist and she shows you this lesion, asking you the following questions:
- What is the name of this lesion?
- what animal is this?
- if you found this on necropsy, what should you do?

Answer 5

• intestinal emphysema
• pig
• nothing, this is an incidental finding

Question 6

Segmental anomalies:
1. what is the difference b/t stenosis and atresia?
2. what is the cause of segmental anomalies?

Answer 6

1. stenosis is the narrowing of the lumen, incomplete occlusion; atresia is complete occlusion
2. suspect ischemia during development

Question 7

What are the two congenital segmental anomalies that we need to know?

Answer 7

1. atresia coli
2. atresia ani

Question 8

What is the most common form of atresia coli?

Answer 8

Spiral colon in Holstein calves, autosomal recessive

Question 9

What are the 2 forms of atresia coli that we have to know?

Answer 9

Holstein calves: spiral colon, autosomal recessive
foals: small and large colon

Question 10

What should you look for to diagnose atresia coli?

Answer 10

proximal dilation and distal contraction

Question 11

What is the most common congenital defect of the lower GIT?

Answer 11

atresia ani

Question 12

What are the 2 causes of atresia ani?

Answer 12

1. hereditary in calves and pigs
2. vitamin A deficiency

Question 13

Atresia ani is often associated with additional malformations. What are they?

Answer 13

distal spinal column
genitourinary column
intestinal atresia or agenesis

Question 14

What are the 4 categories of acquired intestinal obstruction?

Answer 14

luminal, mural, external, functional

Question 15

What is the main difference in clinical signs between acute and chronic acquired intestinal obstructions?

Answer 15

vomiting = acute
no vomiting = chronic

Question 16

What are the general gross lesions of an acquired intestinal obstruction? What happens with chronicity?

Answer 16

dilation proximal to the obstruction and contraction of empty intestine distally

with chronicity, get. necrosis, perforation, peritonitis

Question 17

What are the types of luminal intestinal obstructions that we have to know?

Answer 17

foreign bodies
trichobezoars and phytobezoars
enteroliths
parasites
colonic impaction

Question 18

What is the most common place to find a foreign body in the intestines?

Answer 18

jejunum

Question 19

Give me the presentation of linear foreign bodies in cats

Answer 19

one portion fixed (at tongue or pylorus)
pleating along the string
peristalsis leads to progressive mucosal damage along lesser curvature

Question 20

what are enteroliths?

Answer 20

mineralizations of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate

Question 21

colonic impactions in cats and dogs:
1. what is usually impacted?
2. what can it lead to?

Answer 21

1. feces
2. megacolon

Question 22

colonic impactions in horses:
1. what is usually impacted?
2. where are the usual locations?

Answer 22

1. digesta, fibrous foreign material, sand, feces
2. site of narrowing of pelvic flexure or transverse/small colon

Question 23

What are the 3 mural intestinal obstructions that we have to know?

Answer 23

jejunal hematoma
rectal stricture in pigs
intestinal neoplasia

Question 24

Jejunal hematoma:
1. what species/signalment
2. when in the cow’s life time does this usually happen?
3. cause?

Answer 24

1. adult dairy cattle
2. mid lactation
3. unknown

Question 25

What are the gross findings of jejunal hematomas in cattle?

Answer 25

segmental intramural and/or luminal hemorrhage within short section of jejunum

mucosa distended to cause partial or complete obstruction of lumen

Question 26

This is the jejunum of a cow. What is the pathology?

Answer 26

jejunal hematoma

Question 27

What is the etiology of rectal strictures in pigs? What is the pathogenesis?

Answer 27

occurs secondary to intestinal infection with Salmonella typhimurium

pathogenesis:
- infection with Salmonella typhimurium
- necrotizing procitis
- ischemia and damage of rectal blood vessels
- scaring and contracting during recovery causes rectal stricture

Question 28

This is the rectum of a pig. What do you think the lesion is? What is the etiology?

Answer 28

rectal stricture
Salmonella typhimurium

Question 29

what is an extramural intestinal obstruction?

Answer 29

anything external to the intestine which leads to compression and collapse of the intestinal lumen

Question 30

This is the jejunum of a horse that died from colic. The lesion that is circled is abnormal. What is your primary differential for what the lesion is given the location, species, and COD?

Answer 30

equine strangulating lipoma

Question 31

Equine strangulating lipomas are a common cause of ____ in older horses. This is a(n) ______ intestinal obstruction.

Answer 31

colic
extramural

Question 32

What are the 2 extramural intestinal obstructions that we need to know?

Answer 32

neoplasia (equine strangulating lipomas)
peritoneal adhesions secondary to inflammation

Question 33

This are the intestines of a horse. What is the green arrow pointing towards? What did the horse most likely die of?

Answer 33

equine strangulating lipoma
colic