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425 - sys path > GI - Oral pt 1 > Flashcards

GI - Oral pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What species are obligate nasal breathers? Why?

A

Horses, rodents, rabbits
Location of the soft palate relative to the epiglottis

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2
Q

What pathologic condition, seen in race horses, is associated with the anatomy that makes horses obligate nasal breathers?

A

DDSP (dorsal displacement of soft palate)

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3
Q

What unique feature do pigs have in their oral cavities?

A

Pharyngeal diverticulum

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4
Q

Label the arrow and the circle

A

Arrow: glottis
Circle: choana

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5
Q

What are the 2 teeth types we need to know and what do they mean?

A

Brachydont: low crowned = enamel restricted to crown
Hypsodont: high crowned = enamel extends down the root and invaginates into the dentin –> forms infundibula

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6
Q

Why do hypsodont teeth in particular require frequent vet attention?

A

Because they continuously grow throughout life, so they often present problems for the animals

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7
Q

Where do teeth sit in the gums and how do they stay there?

A

bony sockets called alveoli, held in place by the periodontal ligament

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8
Q

where are the blood supply and nerves in teeth?

A

pulp cavity

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9
Q

What are deciduous teeth?

A

baby teeth, milk teeth (replaced by permanent adult teeth as the animal grows)

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10
Q

What are cheek teeth?

A

premolars and molar of horses and ruminants, grouped together like this because they are similar in form and function

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11
Q

What are carnassial teeth?

A

Upper 4th premolar and lower 1st molar of carnivores
specialized for shearing

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12
Q

What are wolf teeth?

A

1st premolar in horses, usually only erupt on maxilla, if they erupt at all

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13
Q

In horses, the upper arcade is wider than the lower arcade. What does this lead to?

A

sharp points on upper buccal surface, and lower lingual surface

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14
Q

Why do infections in cheek teeth in horses often include infection of the maxillary sinuses?

A

Because the roots of the cheek teeth are really close to the maxillary sinuses.

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15
Q

What are the 4 salivary glands that we need to know and their approx. location? (not described in anatomical terms lol)

A

Parotid: just below ear, behind cheek
Mandibular: under the parotid gland, near the maxilla
Sublingual: underneath the tongue
Zygomatic: at/around the region of the zygomatic bone

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16
Q

What is cheiloschisis? is it an acquired or congenital abnormality?

A

cleft lip
congenital

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17
Q

What is palatoschisis? Is it an acquired or congenital abnormality?

A

cleft palate
congenital

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18
Q

What is the difference between palatoschisis and cheiloschisis?

A

Palatoschisis is cleft palate and cheiloschisis is cleft lip

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19
Q

Animals with either palatoschisis or cheiloschisis usually present with what 2 sequelae?

A

Aspiration pneumonia
trouble suckling +/- milk coming out of nose (because they can’t make a good seal)

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20
Q

What is brachygnathia (general)? Is it an acquired or congenital abnormality?

A

shortening of the jaw
congenital

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21
Q

What is prognathia? Is it an acquired or congenital abnormality?

A

elongation of the jaw
congenital

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22
Q

What are the types of brachygnathia and what do they mean?

A

Brachygnathia inferior = shortening of the mandible
Brachygnathia superior = shortening of the maxillae

23
Q

What type of dog is brachygnathia superior seen in?

A

brachycephalic dog breeds

24
Q

What are 4 reasons why congenital abnormalities occur?

A

Hereditary
drugs
toxic plants
infectious

25
Q

What is epitheliogenesis imperfecta? Where in the oral cavity is this seen most?

A

hereditary anomaly leading to large defects in the skin (improper formation of epidermis/epithelium)
seen most in tongue

26
Q

How is epitheliogenesis imperfecta inherited? How can you tell it’s this abnormality instead of something else?

A

autosomal recessive trait in cattle, horses, pigs
there are sharp edges, abrupt defects in the epithelium, bilaterally recessive (no inflammation

27
Q

Define the following terms:
Stomatitis
Cheilitis
Pharyngitis
Glossitis
Gingivitis
Tonsilitis

A

Stomatitis: inflammation of the oral cavity
Cheilitis: inflammation of the lips
Pharyngitis: inflammation of the pharynx
Glossitis: inflammation of the tongue
Gingivitis: inflammation of the gums
Tonsilitis: inflammation of the tonsils

28
Q

What are Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions (FORLs)? What is the cause?

A

Basically the cat equivalent of cavities, often start at the sub gingival neck or upper root of cheek teeth
cause = idiopathic

29
Q

With Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions (FORLs), are you more likely to see them in a young or old cat? Are they painful?

A

old
yes painful

30
Q

What are the lesions in the circles? This is a 12 y/o cat with no other pathologies

A

Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions (FORLs)

31
Q

What is Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis? (EOTRH) What does it target? What would you see to give you this diagnosis?

A

painful and progressive lesion of older horses, combination of cement hyperplasia and lysis
targets canines and incisors
Diagnosis: bulbous enlargement of intra-alveolar part of teeth

32
Q

What is odontogenic dysplasia? What species do you see this in? What does it result in? How do you diagnose it?

A

Dysplastic growth of molar teeth
Seen in rodents
Results in malocclusion, hyper salivation, emaciation
Diagnosis: palpate nodular hard swellings along ventral mandible or along dorsal surface of maxilla

33
Q

This is a rodent skull. What are these hard swellings?

A

odontogenic dysplasia

34
Q

What is Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis (CUPS)? What is its other name? What is the typical signalment for CUPS?

A

Hypersensitivity reaction to gram (-) bacteria associated with periodontal disease
AKA kissing ulcers
Signalment: middle aged white breed dogs

35
Q

What are the gross lesions of chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis (CUPS)? Which teeth are most significantly affected?

A

gross lesions: buccal ulceration in areas of contact b/t mucosal and teeth affected by gingivitis, plaque, and calculus
maxillary canine and carnassial teeth usually most affected

36
Q

You’re looking at the dorsal surface of the mouth of a small white breed dog. What are the lesions circled?

A

Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis (CUPS)

37
Q

What are the gross lesions in calf diphtheria/oral necrobacillosis?

A

yellow-grey, well-demarcated necrosis with a hyperaemic (red) rim
often a dry appearance

38
Q

This is the tongue of a young calf. What are the lesions?

A

Oral necrobacillosis/calf diphtheria

39
Q

What is oral necrobacillosis/calf diphtheria caused by?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum
secondary invader secondary to mucosal damage

40
Q

Calf diphtheria/oral necrobacillosis can be fatal if it goes systemic. What age group is systemic disease more common in?

A

Young

41
Q

What is the histologic lesion seen with oral necrobacillosis/calf diphtheria (that we need to know?)

A

bacteria arranged into long filaments

42
Q

What is wooden tongue/actinobacillosis caused by?

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii (gram -)
part of normal oral flora, trauma allows penetration of bacteria

43
Q

What is lumpy jaw caused by?

A

Actinomyces bovis

44
Q

How can you tell lumpy jaw and wooden tongue apart?

A

have to culture the bacteria

45
Q

What are the gross lesions of wooden tongue/actinobacillosis? What animals does this abnormality affect?

A

tongue becomes swollen and hard, may extend to other parts of the oral cavity and lymph nodes. can also see sulfur granules
affects cattle, sheep, pigs, wild ruminants

46
Q

What histo lesion do we need to know for wooden tongue/actinobacillosis?

A

Splendore-Hoeppli [sulfur granules is the gross feature]

47
Q

This is the tongue of a cow. What is the lesion?

A

sulfur granules seen with wooden tongue/actinobacillosis

48
Q

What is oral candidiasis/thrush caused by? What species are affected?

A

Candida albicans
Can happen in any species, but mostly foals, pigs, dogs, birds, more often young animals than old. seen with changes in diet (like weaning)

49
Q

What are the gross features of thrush/oral candidiasis?

A

pale yellow to grey pseudomembrane overlying oral mucosa, esp. at the back of the tongue

50
Q

This is the tongue of a dog. What is the lesion?

A

Oral candidiasis AKA thrush

51
Q

What is the histo feature we have to know for thrush/oral candidiasis?

A

proliferation of yeast and hyphae within keratinized layer

52
Q

Where can oral candidiasis/thrush be located?

A

anywhere in the keratinized portion of the GIT

53
Q

What are the 3 common bacterial/fungal diseases of the oral cavity that we have to know for birds?

A

Candidiasis, Trichomoniasis, Avipox virus/wet pox

54
Q

Blunting of the choanal papillae is associated with what?

A

vitamin A deficiency

425 - sys path (38 decks)

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