Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

425 - sys path > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

what is the endocrine part of the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what 2 cell types of interest are present in the pancreatic islets?

A

Beta cells
Alpha cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do beta pancreatic islet cells do?

A

release insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do alpha pancreatic islet cells do?

A

release glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does insulin do?

A

released when there’s increased blood glucose
promotes uptake of glucose in blood into tissues where it’s used for E
promotes synthesis of muscle, liver, adipose tissue (anabolic metabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does glucagon do?

A

released when there’s decreased blood glucose
stimulates E release (glucose into blood from tissues)
increases glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what disorder of the endocrine pancreas do we have to know in relation to hypo function of the islets cells?

A

diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what disorder of the endocrine pancreas do we have to know in relation to hyper function of the islet cells?

A

insulinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is diabetes mellitus?

A

metabolic disorder that results from a reduction of insulin available for normal cell function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

diabetes mellitus is common in what species?

A

dogs and cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

true or false: with diabetes mellitus, there are many causes, but they all share common metabolic, clinical, and pathologic features

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

insulin deficiency that results in diabetes mellitus can be ____ or ______

A

absolute or relative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does an absolute insulin deficiency mean?

A

inadequate synthesis and release of insulin from beta cells (not enough insulin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does a relative insulin deficiency mean?

A

failure of target cells to respond (enough insulin, but not responding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is absolute insulin deficiency caused by?

A

islet specific disease
nonspecific destruction of the pancreas - chronic pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is relative insulin deficiency caused by?

A

obesity
insulin antagonism by other hormones/drugs (acromegaly or hyperadrenocorticism)

17
Q

dogs get what type of diabetes mellitus? what about cats?

A

dogs: type 1 DM
cats: type 2 DM

18
Q

type 1 diabetes mellitus has a _____ onset and is insulin _____

A

juvenile, dependent

19
Q

what is type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A

severe absolute destruction of insulin caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells

20
Q

type 2 diabetes mellitus has a _____ onset and is insulin _____.

A

adult, non-insulin dependent

21
Q

what is type 2 diabetes mellitus? what is it characterized by?

A

number of beta cells declines with time due to genetics or lifestyle (obesity)
characterized by islet amyloidosis

22
Q

initially, there is insulin ____ in type 2 diabetes

A

resistance

23
Q

type 1 DM is _____ DM, and type 2 DM is _____ DM.

A

type 1: absolute
type 2 : relative

24
Q

true or false: diabetes mellitus is best diagnosed post-mortem

A

FALSE! diagnosis best made clinically, NOT post mortem

25
Q

why is diabetes mellitus hard to diagnose post-mortem?

A

gross pancreatic lesions often absent (except for chronic pancreatitis)
extra pancreatic lesions are nonspecific

26
Q

What is the principle post-mortem finding for extra-pancreatic diabetes mellitus lesions?

A

hepatic lipidosis

27
Q

____ cataracts are seen in _____ with diabetes mellitus

A

bilateral, dogs

28
Q

true or false: cats get cataracts when they get DM

A

false! only dogs

29
Q

tell me some extra pancreatic lesions associated with diabetes mellitus please and thank you :)

A

dehydration
poor BCS
hepatic lipidosis
bilateral cataracts (dogs only)
secondary infections (ex. emphysematous cystitis)
chronic renal disease, retinal disease, gangrene, peripheral neuropathy (rare)

30
Q

you get this pancreas from a dog with bilateral cataracts, poor BCS, and was dehydrated. what endocrine disease is high on your ddx?

A

diabetes mellitus (type 1 because it’s a dog)

31
Q

What is an insulinoma?

A

beta cell neoplasm

32
Q

what is the most common tumor of the pancreatic islets?

A

insulinoma

33
Q

insulinomas are endocrinologically ____, which means??

A

active
excessive insulin production

34
Q

what is the typical signalment/species for an insulinoma?

A

ferrets !!!!!
dogs

35
Q

with insulinomas, dogs get ___ more commonly, and ferrets get ___ more commonly

A

dogs: carcinoma
ferret: adenoma

36
Q

what are the clinical signs of a ferret/dog with an insulinoma? what are the C/S a consequence of?

A

consequence of hypoglycemia

weakness, ataxia, mental confusion, restlessness, seizures, coma, death

37
Q

this is a pancreas from a ferret. what is the diagnosis?

A

insulinoma

425 - sys path (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions