Special Senses (Auditory)

Question 1

Parts of the ear:

Answer 1

• Outer (external) ear
• Middle ear (tympanic cavity)
• Middle Ear or Tympanic Cavity
• Medial Boundary
• Lateral Boundary
• Anterior Boundary
• Posterior Boundary
• Inner (internal) ear (labyrint)

Question 2

o Pinna or auricle
o External acoustic meatus
o Tympanic Membrane or Eardrum

Answer 2

Outer (external) ear

Question 3

➢ Shell-shaped structure surrounding the auditory canal opening

Answer 3

Pinna or Auricle

Question 4

➢ A short narrow chamber about 1 inch long by ½ inch wide
➢ Curved into temporal bone of the skull
➢ Skin of walls lined with ceruminous glands which secretes a waxy yellow substance called ear wax, or cerumen

Answer 4

External Auditory Canal

Question 5

➢ A thin membrane separating outer from middle ear

Answer 5

Tympanic Membrane or Eardrum

Question 6

o Ossicles (malleus, incus stapes)
o Tensor tympani, stapedius

Answer 6

Middle ear (tympanic cavity)

Question 7

➢ A small, air filled cavity within the temporal bone

Answer 7

Middle Ear or Tympanic Cavity

Question 8

➢ A bony wall with 2 openings:
o Oval window
o Round window

Answer 8

Medial Boundary

Question 9

➢ Tympanic membrane with handle of the malleus attached

Answer 9

Lateral Boundary

Question 10

➢ Eustachian tube (connects middle ear and nasopharynx)

Answer 10

Anterior Boundary

Question 11

➢ Mastoid process
o Ossicles in the Middle Ear

Answer 11

Posterior Boundary

Question 12

➢ Malleus (hammer) attached to tympanic membrane
➢ Incus – anvil
➢ Stapes – stirrups, presses on the oval window of the inner ear

Answer 12

Ossicles in the Middle Ear

Question 13

➢ Composed of 2 parts:
o Bony Labyrinth
o Membranous Labyrinth

Answer 13

Inner (internal) ear (labyrinth)

Question 14

➢ Wall is bony – temporal bone
➢ Fluid inside is perilymph (one of the two types of cochlear fluids, the other being endolymph)
➢ Made up of:
▪ Cochlea
▪ Vestibule
▪ 3 semicircular canals

Answer 14

Bony Labyrinth

Question 15

made up of scala vestibuli and tympani;
concerned with hearing

Answer 15

Cochlea

Question 16

concerned with static equilibrium

Answer 16

Vestibule

Question 17

concerned with dynamic equilibrium

Answer 17

3 semicircular canals

Question 18

➢ Found inside the bony labyrinth
➢ Wall is fibrous
➢ Fluid inside is endolymph (fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear)
➢ Made up of:
▪ Scala media
▪ Utricle & Saccule
▪ 3 semicircular ducts

Answer 18

Membranous Labyrinth

Question 19

inside bony cochlea

Answer 19

Scala media

Question 20

inside bony vestibule

Answer 20

Utricle & Saccule

Question 21

inside the semicircular canal

Answer 21

3 semicircular ducts

Question 22

• Receptor for hearing
• Found in the cochlea

Answer 22

Organ of Corti

Question 23

• A spiral bony canal turning 2 ¾ around a central bony axis (modiolus)
• A spial bony projection from modiolus (spiral lamina) makes also a 2 ¾ turns.
• Scala vestibuli and tympani contain perilymph. They communicate in heliotrema
• Scala media contains endolymph
  o Incompletely divides the bony cochlea
  ➢ Scala vestibuli
  ➢ Scala tympani

Answer 23

Cochlea

Question 24

• Composed of five filaments embedded in gelatinous matrix rich in mucopolysaccharides
• Secreted at the upper surface of interdental cells

Answer 24

Tectorial membrane

Question 25

Hearing loss of any degree

Answer 25

Deafness

Question 26

2 types of deafness

Answer 26

• Conduction Deafness
• Sensorineural Deafness

Question 27

➢ Temporary or permanent
➢ Results when something interferes with conduction of sound vibrations to the fluids of the inner ear
➢ Involves diseases of external and middle ear
o Impacted Cerumen
o Otosclerosis
o Rupture of Eardrum
o Otitis Media

Answer 27

Conduction Deafness

Question 28

➢ Results from degeneration or damage to receptor cells to cochlear nerve, or to neurons of auditory cortex
Factors:
o Old age
o Extended listening to excessively loud sounds
o Intake of ototoxic drugs like streptomycin, quinine, aspirin

Answer 28

Sensorineural Deafness

Question 29

this are the Test to distinguish sensorineural from conduction deafness

Answer 29

• Weber’s Test
• Rinne’s Test

Question 30

➢ The base of the vibrating tuning fork is applied in the midline

Result for:
o Normal Individual - sound appears to be in the midline
o Conduction Deafness - sound appears louder in the affected ear
o Sensorineural Deafness - sound appears louder in the normal ear

Answer 30

Weber’s Test

Question 31

➢ The base of the tuning fork is placed over the mastoid process of the skull
➢ When it can no longer be heard, it is removed and then is held in front of the ear
Result for:
o Normal Individual - continues to hear by air conduction after bone conduction ceases; air conduction is greater than bone conduction
o Conduction Deafness - bone is greater than air conduction
o Sensorineural Deafness - both are diminished but air conduction remains better than bone conduction

Answer 31

• Rinne’s Test

Question 32

NEVER BACK DOWN NEVER WHAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!????????????????

Answer 32

NEVER GIVE UP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!