nervous (INTRO) Flashcards
A group of tissues composed of highly specialized cells possessing the characteristics of excitability and conductivity
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Morphological Divisions:
- Central nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
➢ Brain
➢ Spinal cord
Central nervous system
➢ Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
➢ Spinal nerves (31 pairs)
➢ Autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Functional Divisions of peripheral nervous system:
❖ Somatic efferent
❖ Visceral efferent
➢ Innervating _________ structures like skeletal muscles and skin.
➢ Pertaining to the body
Somatic efferent
➢ Innervating ____________ or involuntary structures like smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands.
➢ This is autonomic nervous system
Visceral efferent
Types Of Cell In The Nervous System:
❖ Neurons
❖ Neuroglia
➢ The active conducting elements
➢ This is the Parenchymal – functional cells
Neurons
➢ the supporting elements
Neuroglia
Neuroglia CONTAINS:
▪ Astrocyte
▪ Oligodendrocyte
▪ Microglia
▪ Ependymal cells
involve in the blood brain barrier.
Astrocyte
Produce myelin sheath in the central nervous system.
Oligodendrocyte
Phagocytic cells (protecting)
Microglia
o lining the ventricles at the brain and central canal of spinal cord.
o Flow of Cerebrospinal fluid, fluid of your brain
Ependymal cells
Basic unit of the nervous system which conducts electrical impulses from one part of the body to another.
Neuron
Two types of processes in neuron:
❖ Dendrites
❖ Axons
➢ Transmit impulses toward the cell body.
➢ Afferent process
Dendrites
➢ Conducting impulses away from the cell body.
➢ Efferent process
Axons
that will allow the conduction of impulse to pass through from one neuron to another.
neurotransmitters
➢ Insulating material covering axons in central and peripheral nervous system.
➢ The electrical impulse jumps from node to node in myelin sheath instead of traveling continuously along the nerve fiber. (Saltatory
Conduction of Impulses)
Myelin Sheath
point of connection between neurons.
Synapse
Main neurotransmitters:
➢ Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
➢ Norepinephrine (Nor Adrenaline)
➢ Acetylcholine
Nerve Impulse:
❖ Nerve Impulse
o Node of Ranvier
periodic gap in the insulating myelin sheath on the axon of certain neurons that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses
Node of Ranvier
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